尽管早期的经验证据支持了学到的索引结构的案例，因为它们具有有利的平均案例表现，但对其最差的表现知之甚少。相比之下，已知经典结构可以实现最佳的最坏情况行为。这项工作评估了在存在对抗工作量的情况下学习指数结构的鲁棒性。为了模拟对抗性工作负载，我们对线性回归模型进行了数据中毒攻击，该模型操纵了训练学习的索引模型的累积分布函数（CDF）。攻击通过将一组中毒键注入训练数据集，从而恶化了基础ML模型的拟合度，从而导致模型的预测误差增加，从而减少了学习指数结构的整体性能。我们评估了各种回归方法的性能和学习指数实现Alex和PGM索引。我们表明，在对中毒与非毒品数据集进行评估时，学到的指数结构可能会遭受高达20％的显着性能恶化。

网络协议实现的状态属性对测试和验证技术构成了独特的挑战，包括模糊。通过利用状态模型来分区状态空间并帮助测试生成过程来解决这一挑战。由于并非所有国家都同样重要和模糊运动，因此模糊需要有效的状态选择算法，以优先考虑逐行的州。已经提出了几种状态选择算法，但它们在不同的平台上单独实施和评估，使其难以实现决定性的结果。在这项工作中，我们在与网络服务器的最先进的模糊组中评估了一组广泛的状态选择算法。网络服务器的最先进的模糊。该算法集包括AFLNET支持的现有算法和我们的新颖和原则性算法，称为AFLNetLEGION。关于Profuiczbench基准的实验结果表明，（i）AFLNET的现有状态选择算法实现了非常相似的代码覆盖，（ii）AFLNETLEGION在所选案例研究中显然优于这些算法，但（iii）整体改善显得微不足道。这些是出乎意料但有趣的发现。我们确定问题并分享可能开放未来研究本主题的机会的见解。

对抗性可转移性是一种有趣的性质 - 针对一个模型制作的对抗性扰动也是对另一个模型有效的，而这些模型来自不同的模型家庭或培训过程。为了更好地保护ML系统免受对抗性攻击，提出了几个问题：对抗性转移性的充分条件是什么，以及如何绑定它？有没有办法降低对抗的转移性，以改善合奏ML模型的鲁棒性？为了回答这些问题，在这项工作中，我们首先在理论上分析和概述了模型之间的对抗性可转移的充分条件;然后提出一种实用的算法，以减少集合内基础模型之间的可转换，以提高其鲁棒性。我们的理论分析表明，只有促进基础模型梯度之间的正交性不足以确保低可转移性;与此同时，模型平滑度是控制可转移性的重要因素。我们还在某些条件下提供了对抗性可转移性的下界和上限。灵感来自我们的理论分析，我们提出了一种有效的可转让性，减少了平滑（TRS）集合培训策略，以通过实施基础模型之间的梯度正交性和模型平滑度来培训具有低可转换性的强大集成。我们对TRS进行了广泛的实验，并与6个最先进的集合基线进行比较，防止不同数据集的8个白箱攻击，表明所提出的TRS显着优于所有基线。

The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.

We address the problem of extracting key steps from unlabeled procedural videos, motivated by the potential of Augmented Reality (AR) headsets to revolutionize job training and performance. We decompose the problem into two steps: representation learning and key steps extraction. We employ self-supervised representation learning via a training strategy that adapts off-the-shelf video features using a temporal module. Training implements self-supervised learning losses involving multiple cues such as appearance, motion and pose trajectories extracted from videos to learn generalizable representations. Our method extracts key steps via a tunable algorithm that clusters the representations extracted from procedural videos. We quantitatively evaluate our approach with key step localization and also demonstrate the effectiveness of the extracted representations on related downstream tasks like phase classification. Qualitative results demonstrate that the extracted key steps are meaningful to succinctly represent the procedural tasks.

We present Muse, a text-to-image Transformer model that achieves state-of-the-art image generation performance while being significantly more efficient than diffusion or autoregressive models. Muse is trained on a masked modeling task in discrete token space: given the text embedding extracted from a pre-trained large language model (LLM), Muse is trained to predict randomly masked image tokens. Compared to pixel-space diffusion models, such as Imagen and DALL-E 2, Muse is significantly more efficient due to the use of discrete tokens and requiring fewer sampling iterations; compared to autoregressive models, such as Parti, Muse is more efficient due to the use of parallel decoding. The use of a pre-trained LLM enables fine-grained language understanding, translating to high-fidelity image generation and the understanding of visual concepts such as objects, their spatial relationships, pose, cardinality etc. Our 900M parameter model achieves a new SOTA on CC3M, with an FID score of 6.06. The Muse 3B parameter model achieves an FID of 7.88 on zero-shot COCO evaluation, along with a CLIP score of 0.32. Muse also directly enables a number of image editing applications without the need to fine-tune or invert the model: inpainting, outpainting, and mask-free editing. More results are available at https://muse-model.github.io

We introduce Argoverse 2 (AV2) - a collection of three datasets for perception and forecasting research in the self-driving domain. The annotated Sensor Dataset contains 1,000 sequences of multimodal data, encompassing high-resolution imagery from seven ring cameras, and two stereo cameras in addition to lidar point clouds, and 6-DOF map-aligned pose. Sequences contain 3D cuboid annotations for 26 object categories, all of which are sufficiently-sampled to support training and evaluation of 3D perception models. The Lidar Dataset contains 20,000 sequences of unlabeled lidar point clouds and map-aligned pose. This dataset is the largest ever collection of lidar sensor data and supports self-supervised learning and the emerging task of point cloud forecasting. Finally, the Motion Forecasting Dataset contains 250,000 scenarios mined for interesting and challenging interactions between the autonomous vehicle and other actors in each local scene. Models are tasked with the prediction of future motion for "scored actors" in each scenario and are provided with track histories that capture object location, heading, velocity, and category. In all three datasets, each scenario contains its own HD Map with 3D lane and crosswalk geometry - sourced from data captured in six distinct cities. We believe these datasets will support new and existing machine learning research problems in ways that existing datasets do not. All datasets are released under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.

In training neural networks, batch normalization has many benefits, not all of them entirely understood. But it also has some drawbacks. Foremost is arguably memory consumption, as computing the batch statistics requires all instances within the batch to be processed simultaneously, whereas without batch normalization it would be possible to process them one by one while accumulating the weight gradients. Another drawback is that that distribution parameters (mean and standard deviation) are unlike all other model parameters in that they are not trained using gradient descent but require special treatment, complicating implementation. In this paper, I show a simple and straightforward way to address these issues. The idea, in short, is to add terms to the loss that, for each activation, cause the minimization of the negative log likelihood of a Gaussian distribution that is used to normalize the activation. Among other benefits, this will hopefully contribute to the democratization of AI research by means of lowering the hardware requirements for training larger models.

In this paper, we introduce neural texture learning for 6D object pose estimation from synthetic data and a few unlabelled real images. Our major contribution is a novel learning scheme which removes the drawbacks of previous works, namely the strong dependency on co-modalities or additional refinement. These have been previously necessary to provide training signals for convergence. We formulate such a scheme as two sub-optimisation problems on texture learning and pose learning. We separately learn to predict realistic texture of objects from real image collections and learn pose estimation from pixel-perfect synthetic data. Combining these two capabilities allows then to synthesise photorealistic novel views to supervise the pose estimator with accurate geometry. To alleviate pose noise and segmentation imperfection present during the texture learning phase, we propose a surfel-based adversarial training loss together with texture regularisation from synthetic data. We demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the recent state-of-the-art methods without ground-truth pose annotations and demonstrates substantial generalisation improvements towards unseen scenes. Remarkably, our scheme improves the adopted pose estimators substantially even when initialised with much inferior performance.

Prevailing methods for assessing and comparing generative AIs incentivize responses that serve a hypothetical representative individual. Evaluating models in these terms presumes homogeneous preferences across the population and engenders selection of agglomerative AIs, which fail to represent the diverse range of interests across individuals. We propose an alternative evaluation method that instead prioritizes inclusive AIs, which provably retain the requisite knowledge not only for subsequent response customization to particular segments of the population but also for utility-maximizing decisions.