由于有限的有效载荷能力有限，因此在山区环境中的救援任务几乎无法通过标准的腿部机器人或飞行机器人来实现。我们提出了一个新颖的概念，用于绳索攀岩机器人，该机器人可以谈判最新的斜坡并承担重载的有效载荷。机器人通过绳子固定在山上，并配备了一条腿来推向山上并开始跳跃动作。在跳跃之间，提升机被用来绕/放开绳索，以垂直移动并影响横向运动。这种简单的（但有效）的两倍致动，使系统能够实现高安全性和能源效率。确实，绳索可以防止机器人掉落，同时弥补了大部分重量，从而大大减少了腿部执行器所需的努力。我们还提出了一种最佳控制策略，以生成克服障碍的点对点轨迹。由于使用了自定义简化的机器人模型，我们可以实现快速计算时间（$ <$ 1 s）。我们使用完整的机器人模型验证了凉亭模拟中生成的最佳运动，显示了提出的方法的有效性，并确认了我们概念的兴趣。最后，我们进行了可及性分析，表明可实现的目标区域受到脚壁接触的摩擦特性的强烈影响。

对于腿部机器人，航空动作是唯一可以通过标准运动步态绕过的障碍物的唯一选择。在这些情况下，机器人必须进行飞跃，以跳到障碍物或飞越障碍物上。但是，这些运动代表了一个挑战，因为在飞行阶段\ gls {com}无法控制，并且机器人方向的可控性有限。本文重点介绍了后一个问题，并提出了一个由两个旋转和驱动的质量（飞轮或反应轮）组成的\ gls {ocs}，以获得机器人方向的控制权。由于角动量的保护，即使与地面没有接触，它们的旋转速度也可以调节以引导机器人方向。飞轮的旋转轴设计为入射，导致一个紧凑的方向控制系统，该系统能够控制滚动和俯仰角，考虑到这两个方向的不同惯性矩。我们通过机器人Solo12上的模拟测试了该概念。

由于基本的非线性，混合和本质上不稳定的动力学，需要通过有限的接触力来稳定，因此为腿部机器人生成强大的轨迹仍然是一项具有挑战性的任务。此外，由于与环境和模型不匹配的未建模接触相互作用引起的干扰会阻碍计划轨迹的质量，从而导致不安全的运动。在这项工作中，我们建议使用随机轨迹优化来生成健壮的质心动量轨迹，以说明模型动力学和触点位置上的参数不确定性上的加法不确定性。通过强大的质心和全身轨迹优化之间的交替，我们生成了健壮的动量轨迹，同时与全身动力学保持一致。我们在四倍的机器人上执行了一组大量的模拟，这表明我们的随机轨迹优化问题减少了不同步态的脚部滑倒量，同时在确定性计划上实现了更好的性能。

模型预测控制（MPC）表明了控制诸如腿机器人等复杂系统的巨大成功。然而，在关闭循环时，在每个控制周期解决的有限范围最佳控制问题（OCP）的性能和可行性不再保证。这是由于模型差异，低级控制器，不确定性和传感器噪声的影响。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了一种修改版本，该版本的标准MPC方法用于带有活力的腿运动（弱向不变性）保证。在这种方法中，代替向问题添加（保守）终端约束，我们建议使用投影到在每个控制周期的OCP中的可行性内核中投影的测量状态。此外，我们使用过去的实验数据来找到最佳成本重量，该重量测量性能，约束满足鲁棒性或稳定性（不变性）的组合。这些可解释的成本衡量了稳健性和性能之间的贸易。为此目的，我们使用贝叶斯优化（BO）系统地设计实验，有助于有效地收集数据以了解导致强大性能的成本函数。我们的模拟结果具有不同的现实干扰（即外部推动，未铭出的执行器动态和计算延迟）表明了我们为人形机器人创造了强大的控制器的方法的有效性。

Machine Learning models capable of handling the large datasets collected in the financial world can often become black boxes expensive to run. The quantum computing paradigm suggests new optimization techniques, that combined with classical algorithms, may deliver competitive, faster and more interpretable models. In this work we propose a quantum-enhanced machine learning solution for the prediction of credit rating downgrades, also known as fallen-angels forecasting in the financial risk management field. We implement this solution on a neutral atom Quantum Processing Unit with up to 60 qubits on a real-life dataset. We report competitive performances against the state-of-the-art Random Forest benchmark whilst our model achieves better interpretability and comparable training times. We examine how to improve performance in the near-term validating our ideas with Tensor Networks-based numerical simulations.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

由于信息的紧凑而结构化的信息表示，表被广泛用于文档中。特别是，在科学论文中，表可以概括新颖的发现并总结实验结果，从而使研究可以与学者相提并论。由于表的布局高度可变，因此将其内容解释并将其分类为类别是有用的。这可能有助于直接从科学论文中提取信息，例如，鉴于其论文结果表比较某些模型的性能。在这项工作中，我们使用图神经网络解决了表格的分类，从而利用表格传递算法的表结构。我们在TAB2KKEY数据集的子集上评估了模型。由于它包含几乎没有手动注释的示例，因此我们直接在表图结构上提出了数据增强技术。我们获得了有希望的初步结果，提出了一种适用于基于图表的表表示的数据增强方法。

Computational units in artificial neural networks follow a simplified model of biological neurons. In the biological model, the output signal of a neuron runs down the axon, splits following the many branches at its end, and passes identically to all the downward neurons of the network. Each of the downward neurons will use their copy of this signal as one of many inputs dendrites, integrate them all and fire an output, if above some threshold. In the artificial neural network, this translates to the fact that the nonlinear filtering of the signal is performed in the upward neuron, meaning that in practice the same activation is shared between all the downward neurons that use that signal as their input. Dendrites thus play a passive role. We propose a slightly more complex model for the biological neuron, where dendrites play an active role: the activation in the output of the upward neuron becomes optional, and instead the signals going through each dendrite undergo independent nonlinear filterings, before the linear combination. We implement this new model into a ReLU computational unit and discuss its biological plausibility. We compare this new computational unit with the standard one and describe it from a geometrical point of view. We provide a Keras implementation of this unit into fully connected and convolutional layers and estimate their FLOPs and weights change. We then use these layers in ResNet architectures on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, Imagenette, and Imagewoof, obtaining performance improvements over standard ResNets up to 1.73%. Finally, we prove a universal representation theorem for continuous functions on compact sets and show that this new unit has more representational power than its standard counterpart.

Humans have internal models of robots (like their physical capabilities), the world (like what will happen next), and their tasks (like a preferred goal). However, human internal models are not always perfect: for example, it is easy to underestimate a robot's inertia. Nevertheless, these models change and improve over time as humans gather more experience. Interestingly, robot actions influence what this experience is, and therefore influence how people's internal models change. In this work we take a step towards enabling robots to understand the influence they have, leverage it to better assist people, and help human models more quickly align with reality. Our key idea is to model the human's learning as a nonlinear dynamical system which evolves the human's internal model given new observations. We formulate a novel optimization problem to infer the human's learning dynamics from demonstrations that naturally exhibit human learning. We then formalize how robots can influence human learning by embedding the human's learning dynamics model into the robot planning problem. Although our formulations provide concrete problem statements, they are intractable to solve in full generality. We contribute an approximation that sacrifices the complexity of the human internal models we can represent, but enables robots to learn the nonlinear dynamics of these internal models. We evaluate our inference and planning methods in a suite of simulated environments and an in-person user study, where a 7DOF robotic arm teaches participants to be better teleoperators. While influencing human learning remains an open problem, our results demonstrate that this influence is possible and can be helpful in real human-robot interaction.

Real-world robotic grasping can be done robustly if a complete 3D Point Cloud Data (PCD) of an object is available. However, in practice, PCDs are often incomplete when objects are viewed from few and sparse viewpoints before the grasping action, leading to the generation of wrong or inaccurate grasp poses. We propose a novel grasping strategy, named 3DSGrasp, that predicts the missing geometry from the partial PCD to produce reliable grasp poses. Our proposed PCD completion network is a Transformer-based encoder-decoder network with an Offset-Attention layer. Our network is inherently invariant to the object pose and point's permutation, which generates PCDs that are geometrically consistent and completed properly. Experiments on a wide range of partial PCD show that 3DSGrasp outperforms the best state-of-the-art method on PCD completion tasks and largely improves the grasping success rate in real-world scenarios. The code and dataset will be made available upon acceptance.