我们介绍了一种名为RobustAbnet的新表检测和结构识别方法，以检测表的边界并从异质文档图像中重建每个表的细胞结构。为了进行表检测，我们建议将Cornernet用作新的区域建议网络来生成更高质量的表建议，以更快的R-CNN，这显着提高了更快的R-CNN的定位准确性以进行表检测。因此，我们的表检测方法仅使用轻巧的RESNET-18骨干网络，在三个公共表检测基准（即CTDAR TRACKA，PUBLAYNET和IIIT-AR-13K）上实现最新性能。此外，我们提出了一种新的基于分裂和合并的表结构识别方法，其中提出了一个新型的基于CNN的新空间CNN分离线预测模块将每个检测到的表分为单元格，并且基于网格CNN的CNN合并模块是应用用于恢复生成细胞。由于空间CNN模块可以有效地在整个表图像上传播上下文信息，因此我们的表结构识别器可以坚固地识别具有较大的空白空间和几何扭曲（甚至弯曲）表的表。得益于这两种技术，我们的表结构识别方法在包括SCITSR，PubTabnet和CTDAR TrackB2-Modern在内的三个公共基准上实现了最先进的性能。此外，我们进一步证明了我们方法在识别具有复杂结构，大空间以及几何扭曲甚至弯曲形状的表上的表格上的优势。

我们提出了一种新的表结构识别方法（TSR）方法，称为TSRFormer，以稳健地识别来自各种表图像的几何变形的复杂表的结构。与以前的方法不同，我们将表分离线预测作为线回归问题，而不是图像分割问题，并提出了一种新的两阶段基于基于DETR的分离器预测方法，称为\ textbf {sep} arator \ textbf {re} re} tr} ansformer（sepretr），直接预测与表图像的分离线。为了使两阶段的DETR框架有效地有效地在分离线预测任务上工作，我们提出了两个改进：1）一种先前增强的匹配策略，以解决慢速收敛问题的detr； 2）直接来自高分辨率卷积特征图的样本特征的新的交叉注意模块，以便以低计算成本实现高定位精度。在分离线预测之后，使用简单的基于关系网络的单元格合并模块来恢复跨越单元。借助这些新技术，我们的TSRFormer在包括SCITSR，PubTabnet和WTW在内的多个基准数据集上实现了最先进的性能。此外，我们已经验证了使用复杂的结构，无边界的单元，大空间，空的或跨越的单元格以及在更具挑战性的现实世界内部数据集中扭曲甚至弯曲的形状的桌子的鲁棒性。

大多数最先进的实例级人类解析模型都采用了两阶段的基于锚的探测器，因此无法避免启发式锚盒设计和像素级别缺乏分析。为了解决这两个问题，我们设计了一个实例级人类解析网络，该网络在像素级别上无锚固且可解决。它由两个简单的子网络组成：一个用于边界框预测的无锚检测头和一个用于人体分割的边缘引导解析头。无锚探测器的头继承了像素样的优点，并有效地避免了对象检测应用中证明的超参数的敏感性。通过引入部分感知的边界线索，边缘引导的解析头能够将相邻的人类部分与彼此区分开，最多可在一个人类实例中，甚至重叠的实例。同时，利用了精炼的头部整合盒子级别的分数和部分分析质量，以提高解析结果的质量。在两个多个人类解析数据集（即CIHP和LV-MHP-V2.0）和一个视频实例级人类解析数据集（即VIP）上进行实验，表明我们的方法实现了超过全球级别和实例级别的性能最新的一阶段自上而下的替代方案。

Due to object detection's close relationship with video analysis and image understanding, it has attracted much research attention in recent years. Traditional object detection methods are built on handcrafted features and shallow trainable architectures. Their performance easily stagnates by constructing complex ensembles which combine multiple low-level image features with high-level context from object detectors and scene classifiers. With the rapid development in deep learning, more powerful tools, which are able to learn semantic, high-level, deeper features, are introduced to address the problems existing in traditional architectures. These models behave differently in network architecture, training strategy and optimization function, etc. In this paper, we provide a review on deep learning based object detection frameworks. Our review begins with a brief introduction on the history of deep learning and its representative tool, namely Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Then we focus on typical generic object detection architectures along with some modifications and useful tricks to improve detection performance further. As distinct specific detection tasks exhibit different characteristics, we also briefly survey several specific tasks, including salient object detection, face detection and pedestrian detection. Experimental analyses are also provided to compare various methods and draw some meaningful conclusions. Finally, several promising directions and tasks are provided to serve as guidelines for future work in both object detection and relevant neural network based learning systems.

We propose CornerNet, a new approach to object detection where we detect an object bounding box as a pair of keypoints, the top-left corner and the bottom-right corner, using a single convolution neural network. By detecting objects as paired keypoints, we eliminate the need for designing a set of anchor boxes commonly used in prior single-stage detectors. In addition to our novel formulation, we introduce corner pooling, a new type of pooling layer that helps the network better localize corners. Experiments show that Corner-Net achieves a 42.2% AP on MS COCO, outperforming all existing one-stage detectors.

由于字体，大小，颜色和方向的各种文本变化，任意形状的场景文本检测是一项具有挑战性的任务。大多数现有基于回归的方法求助于回归文本区域的口罩或轮廓点以建模文本实例。但是，回归完整的口罩需要高训练的复杂性，并且轮廓点不足以捕获高度弯曲的文本的细节。为了解决上述限制，我们提出了一个名为TextDCT的新颖的轻巧锚文本检测框架，该框架采用离散的余弦变换（DCT）将文本掩码编码为紧凑型向量。此外，考虑到金字塔层中训练样本不平衡的数量，我们仅采用单层头来进行自上而下的预测。为了建模单层头部的多尺度文本，我们通过将缩水文本区域视为正样本，并通过融合来介绍一个新颖的积极抽样策略，并通过融合来设计特征意识模块（FAM），以实现空间意识和规模的意识丰富的上下文信息并关注更重要的功能。此外，我们提出了一种分割的非量最大抑制（S-NMS）方法，该方法可以过滤低质量的掩模回归。在四个具有挑战性的数据集上进行了广泛的实验，这表明我们的TextDCT在准确性和效率上都获得了竞争性能。具体而言，TextDCT分别以每秒17.2帧（FPS）和F-measure的F-MEASIE达到85.1，而CTW1500和Total-Text数据集的F-Measure 84.9分别为15.1 fps。

Point cloud learning has lately attracted increasing attention due to its wide applications in many areas, such as computer vision, autonomous driving, and robotics. As a dominating technique in AI, deep learning has been successfully used to solve various 2D vision problems. However, deep learning on point clouds is still in its infancy due to the unique challenges faced by the processing of point clouds with deep neural networks. Recently, deep learning on point clouds has become even thriving, with numerous methods being proposed to address different problems in this area. To stimulate future research, this paper presents a comprehensive review of recent progress in deep learning methods for point clouds. It covers three major tasks, including 3D shape classification, 3D object detection and tracking, and 3D point cloud segmentation. It also presents comparative results on several publicly available datasets, together with insightful observations and inspiring future research directions.

物体检测通常需要在现代深度学习方法中基于传统或锚盒的滑动窗口分类器。但是，这些方法中的任何一个都需要框中的繁琐配置。在本文中，我们提供了一种新的透视图，其中检测对象被激励为高电平语义特征检测任务。与边缘，角落，斑点和其他特征探测器一样，所提出的探测器扫描到全部图像的特征点，卷积自然适合该特征点。但是，与这些传统的低级功能不同，所提出的探测器用于更高级别的抽象，即我们正在寻找有物体的中心点，而现代深层模型已经能够具有如此高级别的语义抽象。除了Blob检测之外，我们还预测了中心点的尺度，这也是直接的卷积。因此，在本文中，通过卷积简化了行人和面部检测作为直接的中心和规模预测任务。这样，所提出的方法享有一个无盒设置。虽然结构简单，但它对几个具有挑战性的基准呈现竞争准确性，包括行人检测和面部检测。此外，执行交叉数据集评估，证明所提出的方法的卓越泛化能力。可以访问代码和模型（https://github.com/liuwei16/csp和https://github.com/hasanirtiza/pedestron）。

We propose a fully convolutional one-stage object detector (FCOS) to solve object detection in a per-pixel prediction fashion, analogue to semantic segmentation. Almost all state-of-the-art object detectors such as RetinaNet, SSD, YOLOv3, and Faster R-CNN rely on pre-defined anchor boxes. In contrast, our proposed detector FCOS is anchor box free, as well as proposal free. By eliminating the predefined set of anchor boxes, FCOS completely avoids the complicated computation related to anchor boxes such as calculating overlapping during training. More importantly, we also avoid all hyper-parameters related to anchor boxes, which are often very sensitive to the final detection performance. With the only post-processing non-maximum suppression (NMS), FCOS with ResNeXt-64x4d-101 achieves 44.7% in AP with single-model and single-scale testing, surpassing previous one-stage detectors with the advantage of being much simpler. For the first time, we demonstrate a much simpler and flexible detection framework achieving improved detection accuracy. We hope that the proposed FCOS framework can serve as a simple and strong alternative for many other instance-level tasks. Code is available at:tinyurl.com/FCOSv1

基于无人机（UAV）基于无人机的视觉对象跟踪已实现了广泛的应用，并且由于其多功能性和有效性而引起了智能运输系统领域的越来越多的关注。作为深度学习革命性趋势的新兴力量，暹罗网络在基于无人机的对象跟踪中闪耀，其准确性，稳健性和速度有希望的平衡。由于开发了嵌入式处理器和深度神经网络的逐步优化，暹罗跟踪器获得了广泛的研究并实现了与无人机的初步组合。但是，由于无人机在板载计算资源和复杂的现实情况下，暹罗网络的空中跟踪仍然在许多方面都面临严重的障碍。为了进一步探索基于无人机的跟踪中暹罗网络的部署，这项工作对前沿暹罗跟踪器进行了全面的审查，以及使用典型的无人机板载处理器进行评估的详尽无人用分析。然后，进行板载测试以验证代表性暹罗跟踪器在现实世界无人机部署中的可行性和功效。此外，为了更好地促进跟踪社区的发展，这项工作分析了现有的暹罗跟踪器的局限性，并进行了以低弹片评估表示的其他实验。最后，深入讨论了基于无人机的智能运输系统的暹罗跟踪的前景。领先的暹罗跟踪器的统一框架，即代码库及其实验评估的结果，请访问https://github.com/vision4robotics/siamesetracking4uav。

Recently, models based on deep neural networks have dominated the fields of scene text detection and recognition. In this paper, we investigate the problem of scene text spotting, which aims at simultaneous text detection and recognition in natural images. An end-to-end trainable neural network model for scene text spotting is proposed. The proposed model, named as Mask TextSpotter, is inspired by the newly published work Mask R-CNN. Different from previous methods that also accomplish text spotting with end-to-end trainable deep neural networks, Mask TextSpotter takes advantage of simple and smooth end-to-end learning procedure, in which precise text detection and recognition are acquired via semantic segmentation. Moreover, it is superior to previous methods in handling text instances of irregular shapes, for example, curved text. Experiments on ICDAR2013, ICDAR2015 and Total-Text demonstrate that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art results in both scene text detection and end-to-end text recognition tasks.

In object detection, keypoint-based approaches often suffer a large number of incorrect object bounding boxes, arguably due to the lack of an additional look into the cropped regions. This paper presents an efficient solution which explores the visual patterns within each cropped region with minimal costs. We build our framework upon a representative one-stage keypoint-based detector named Corner-Net. Our approach, named CenterNet, detects each object as a triplet, rather than a pair, of keypoints, which improves both precision and recall. Accordingly, we design two customized modules named cascade corner pooling and center pooling, which play the roles of enriching information collected by both top-left and bottom-right corners and providing more recognizable information at the central regions, respectively. On the MS-COCO dataset, CenterNet achieves an AP of 47.0%, which outperforms all existing one-stage detectors by at least 4.9%. Meanwhile, with a faster inference speed, CenterNet demonstrates quite comparable performance to the top-ranked two-stage detectors. Code is available at https://github.com/ Duankaiwen/CenterNet.

任意形状的文本检测是一项具有挑战性的任务，这是由于大小和宽高比，任意取向或形状，不准确的注释等各种变化的任务。最近引起了大量关注。但是，文本的准确像素级注释是强大的，现有的场景文本检测数据集仅提供粗粒的边界注释。因此，始终存在大量错误分类的文本像素或背景像素，从而降低基于分割的文本检测方法的性能。一般来说，像素是否属于文本与与相邻注释边界的距离高度相关。通过此观察，在本文中，我们通过概率图提出了一种创新且可靠的基于分割的检测方法，以准确检测文本实例。为了具体，我们采用Sigmoid alpha函数（SAF）将边界及其内部像素之间的距离传输到概率图。但是，由于粗粒度文本边界注释的不确定性，一个概率图无法很好地覆盖复杂的概率分布。因此，我们采用一组由一系列Sigmoid alpha函数计算出的概率图来描述可能的概率分布。此外，我们提出了一个迭代模型，以学习预测和吸收概率图，以提供足够的信息来重建文本实例。最后，采用简单的区域生长算法来汇总概率图以完成文本实例。实验结果表明，我们的方法在几个基准的检测准确性方面实现了最先进的性能。

从卷积神经网络的快速发展中受益，汽车牌照检测和识别的性能得到了很大的改善。但是，大多数现有方法分别解决了检测和识别问题，并专注于特定方案，这阻碍了现实世界应用的部署。为了克服这些挑战，我们提出了一个有效而准确的框架，以同时解决车牌检测和识别任务。这是一个轻巧且统一的深神经网络，可以实时优化端到端。具体而言，对于不受约束的场景，采用了无锚方法来有效检测车牌的边界框和四个角，这些框用于提取和纠正目标区域特征。然后，新型的卷积神经网络分支旨在进一步提取角色的特征而不分割。最后，将识别任务视为序列标记问题，这些问题通过连接派时间分类（CTC）解决。选择了几个公共数据集，包括在各种条件下从不同方案中收集的图像进行评估。实验结果表明，所提出的方法在速度和精度上都显着优于先前的最新方法。

表结构识别对于全面了解文档是必要的。由于布局的高度多样化，内容的变化和空细胞的存在，非结构化业务文档中的表格很难解析。由于使用视觉或语言环境或两者既是识别单个小区的挑战，问题是特别困难的。准确地检测表格单元（包括空单元）简化了结构提取，因此，它成为我们工作的主要重点。我们提出了一种新的基于对象检测的深层模型，可以捕获表中单元格的固有对齐，并进行微调以快速优化。尽管对细胞准确地检测，但识别致密表的结构仍可能具有挑战性，因为在存在多行/列跨越单元的存在下捕获远程行/列依赖性的困难。因此，我们还旨在通过推导新的直线图的基础制剂来改善结构识别。从语义角度来看，我们突出了桌子中空细胞的重要性。要考虑这些细胞，我们建议对流行的评估标准提升。最后，我们介绍了一个适度大小的评估数据集，其引人注目的风格灵感来自人类认知，以鼓励对问题的新方法进行启发。我们的框架在基准数据集中通过2.7％的平均F1分数提高了先前的最先进的性能。

痤疮检测对于解释性诊断和对皮肤疾病的精确治疗至关重要。任意边界和痤疮病变的尺寸较小，导致在两阶段检测中大量质量较差的建议。在本文中，我们提出了一个针对地区建议网络的新型头部结构，以两种方式提高建议的质量。首先，提出了一个空间意识的双头（SADH）结构，以从两个不同的空间角度从分类和本地化进行分类和本地化的表示。拟议的SADH确保了更陡峭的分类信心梯度，并抑制了与匹配的地面真理相交（IOU）低相交（IOU）的建议。然后，我们提出了一个归一化的Wasserstein距离预测分支，以改善提议分类评分与IOU之间的相关性。此外，为了促进痤疮检测的进一步研究，我们构建了一个名为Acnescu的新数据集，具有高分辨率成像，精确的注释和细粒度的病变类别。对AcnesCU和公共数据集Acne04进行了广泛的实验，结果表明该方法可以提高建议的质量，始终超过最先进的方法。代码和收集的数据集可在https://github.com/pingguokiller/acnedetection中找到。

面部检测是为了在图像中搜索面部的所有可能区域，并且如果有任何情况，则定位面部。包括面部识别，面部表情识别，面部跟踪和头部姿势估计的许多应用假设面部的位置和尺寸在图像中是已知的。近几十年来，研究人员从Viola-Jones脸上检测器创造了许多典型和有效的面部探测器到当前的基于CNN的CNN。然而，随着图像和视频的巨大增加，具有面部刻度的变化，外观，表达，遮挡和姿势，传统的面部探测器被挑战来检测野外面孔的各种“脸部。深度学习技术的出现带来了非凡的检测突破，以及计算的价格相当大的价格。本文介绍了代表性的深度学习的方法，并在准确性和效率方面提出了深度和全面的分析。我们进一步比较并讨论了流行的并挑战数据集及其评估指标。进行了几种成功的基于深度学习的面部探测器的全面比较，以使用两个度量来揭示其效率：拖鞋和延迟。本文可以指导为不同应用选择合适的面部探测器，也可以开发更高效和准确的探测器。

分割高度重叠的图像对象是具有挑战性的，因为图像上的真实对象轮廓和遮挡边界之间通常没有区别。与先前的实例分割方法不同，我们将图像形成模拟为两个重叠层的组成，并提出了双层卷积网络（BCNET），其中顶层检测到遮挡对象（遮挡器），而底层则渗透到部分闭塞实例（胶囊）。遮挡关系与双层结构的显式建模自然地将遮挡和遮挡实例的边界解散，并在掩模回归过程中考虑了它们之间的相互作用。我们使用两种流行的卷积网络设计（即完全卷积网络（FCN）和图形卷积网络（GCN））研究了双层结构的功效。此外，我们通过将图像中的实例表示为单独的可学习封闭器和封闭者查询，从而使用视觉变压器（VIT）制定双层解耦。使用一个/两个阶段和基于查询的对象探测器具有各种骨架和网络层选择验证双层解耦合的概括能力，如图像实例分段基准（可可，亲戚，可可）和视频所示实例分割基准（YTVIS，OVIS，BDD100K MOTS），特别是对于重闭塞病例。代码和数据可在https://github.com/lkeab/bcnet上找到。

X-ray imaging technology has been used for decades in clinical tasks to reveal the internal condition of different organs, and in recent years, it has become more common in other areas such as industry, security, and geography. The recent development of computer vision and machine learning techniques has also made it easier to automatically process X-ray images and several machine learning-based object (anomaly) detection, classification, and segmentation methods have been recently employed in X-ray image analysis. Due to the high potential of deep learning in related image processing applications, it has been used in most of the studies. This survey reviews the recent research on using computer vision and machine learning for X-ray analysis in industrial production and security applications and covers the applications, techniques, evaluation metrics, datasets, and performance comparison of those techniques on publicly available datasets. We also highlight some drawbacks in the published research and give recommendations for future research in computer vision-based X-ray analysis.

Image segmentation is a key topic in image processing and computer vision with applications such as scene understanding, medical image analysis, robotic perception, video surveillance, augmented reality, and image compression, among many others. Various algorithms for image segmentation have been developed in the literature. Recently, due to the success of deep learning models in a wide range of vision applications, there has been a substantial amount of works aimed at developing image segmentation approaches using deep learning models. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature at the time of this writing, covering a broad spectrum of pioneering works for semantic and instance-level segmentation, including fully convolutional pixel-labeling networks, encoder-decoder architectures, multi-scale and pyramid based approaches, recurrent networks, visual attention models, and generative models in adversarial settings. We investigate the similarity, strengths and challenges of these deep learning models, examine the most widely used datasets, report performances, and discuss promising future research directions in this area.