我们介绍了一种新的神经表面重建方法,称为Neus,用于重建具有高保真的对象和场景,从2D图像输入。现有的神经表面重建方法,例如DVR和IDR,需要前景掩模作为监控,容易被捕获在局部最小值中,因此与具有严重自动遮挡或薄结构的物体的重建斗争。同时,新型观测合成的最近神经方法,例如Nerf及其变体,使用体积渲染来产生具有优化的稳健性的神经场景表示,即使对于高度复杂的物体。然而,从该学习的内隐式表示提取高质量表面是困难的,因为表示表示没有足够的表面约束。在Neus中,我们建议将表面代表为符号距离功能(SDF)的零级集,并开发一种新的卷渲染方法来训练神经SDF表示。我们观察到传统的体积渲染方法导致表面重建的固有的几何误差(即偏置),因此提出了一种新的制剂,其在第一阶的第一阶偏差中没有偏置,因此即使没有掩码监督,也导致更准确的表面重建。 DTU数据集的实验和BlendedMVS数据集显示,Neus在高质量的表面重建中优于最先进的,特别是对于具有复杂结构和自动闭塞的物体和场景。
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由于其成功在从稀疏的输入图像集合中合成了场景的新颖视图,最近越来越受欢迎。到目前为止,通过通用密度函数建模了神经体积渲染技术的几何形状。此外,使用通向嘈杂的任意水平函数的任意水平集合来提取几何形状本身,通常是低保真重建。本文的目标是改善神经体积渲染中的几何形象和重建。我们通过将体积密度建模为几何形状来实现这一点。这与以前的工作与体积密度的函数建模几何。更详细地,我们将音量密度函数定义为Laplace的累积分发功能(CDF)应用于符号距离功能(SDF)表示。这种简单的密度表示有三个好处:(i)它为神经体积渲染过程中学到的几何形状提供了有用的电感偏差; (ii)它促进了缺陷近似误差的束缚,导致观看光线的准确采样。精确的采样对于提供几何和光线的精确耦合非常重要; (iii)允许高效无监督的脱位形状和外观在体积渲染中。将此新密度表示应用于具有挑战性的场景多视图数据集生产了高质量的几何重建,表现优于相关的基线。此外,由于两者的解剖学,场景之间的切换形状和外观是可能的。
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神经渲染可用于在没有3D监督的情况下重建形状的隐式表示。然而,当前的神经表面重建方法难以学习形状的高频细节,因此经常过度厚度地呈现重建形状。我们提出了一种新的方法来提高神经渲染中表面重建的质量。我们遵循最近的工作,将表面模型为签名的距离字段。首先,我们提供了一个派生,以分析签名的距离函数,体积密度,透明度函数和体积渲染方程中使用的加权函数之间的关系。其次,我们观察到,试图在单个签名的距离函数中共同编码高频和低频组件会导致不稳定的优化。我们建议在基本函数和位移函数中分解签名的距离函数以及粗到最新的策略,以逐渐增加高频细节。最后,我们建议使用一种自适应策略,使优化能够专注于改善签名距离场具有伪影的表面附近的某些区域。我们的定性和定量结果表明,我们的方法可以重建高频表面细节,并获得比目前的现状更好的表面重建质量。代码将在https://github.com/yiqun-wang/hfs上发布。
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Neural implicit 3D representations have emerged as a powerful paradigm for reconstructing surfaces from multiview images and synthesizing novel views. Unfortunately, existing methods such as DVR or IDR require accurate perpixel object masks as supervision. At the same time, neural radiance fields have revolutionized novel view synthesis. However, NeRF's estimated volume density does not admit accurate surface reconstruction. Our key insight is that implicit surface models and radiance fields can be formulated in a unified way, enabling both surface and volume rendering using the same model. This unified perspective enables novel, more efficient sampling procedures and the ability to reconstruct accurate surfaces without input masks. We compare our method on the DTU, BlendedMVS, and a synthetic indoor dataset. Our experiments demonstrate that we outperform NeRF in terms of reconstruction quality while performing on par with IDR without requiring masks.
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在许多计算机视觉和图形应用程序中,从2D图像重建3D室内场景是一项重要任务。这项任务中的一个主要挑战是,典型的室内场景中的无纹理区域使现有方法难以产生令人满意的重建结果。我们提出了一种名为Neuris的新方法,以高质量地重建室内场景。 Neuris的关键思想是将估计的室内场景正常整合为神经渲染框架中的先验,以重建大型无纹理形状,并且重要的是,以适应性的方式进行此操作,以便重建不规则的形状,并具有很好的细节。 。具体而言,我们通过检查优化过程中重建的多视图一致性来评估正常先验的忠诚。只有被接受为忠实的正常先验才能用于3D重建,通常发生在平滑形状的区域中,可能具有弱质地。但是,对于那些具有小物体或薄结构的区域,普通先验通常不可靠,我们只能依靠输入图像的视觉特征,因为此类区域通常包含相对较丰富的视觉特征(例如,阴影变化和边界轮廓)。广泛的实验表明,在重建质量方面,Neuris明显优于最先进的方法。
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神经表面重建旨在基于多视图图像重建准确的3D表面。基于神经量的先前方法主要训练完全隐式的模型,它们需要单个场景的数小时培训。最近的努力探讨了明确的体积表示,该表示通过记住可学习的素网格中的重要信息,从而大大加快了优化过程。但是,这些基于体素的方法通常在重建细粒几何形状方面遇到困难。通过实证研究,我们发现高质量的表面重建取决于两个关键因素:构建相干形状的能力和颜色几何依赖性的精确建模。特别是,后者是准确重建细节的关键。受这些发现的启发,我们开发了Voxurf,这是一种基于体素的方法,用于有效,准确的神经表面重建,该方法由两个阶段组成:1)利用可学习的特征网格来构建颜色场并获得连贯的粗糙形状,并且2)使用双色网络来完善详细的几何形状,可捕获精确的颜色几何依赖性。我们进一步引入了层次几何特征,以启用跨体素的信息共享。我们的实验表明,Voxurf同时达到了高效率和高质量。在DTU基准测试中,与最先进的方法相比,Voxurf获得了更高的重建质量,训练的加速度为20倍。
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虚拟内容创建和互动在现代3D应用中起着重要作用,例如AR和VR。从真实场景中恢复详细的3D模型可以显着扩大其应用程序的范围,并在计算机视觉和计算机图形社区中进行了数十年的研究。我们提出了基于体素的隐式表面表示Vox-Surf。我们的Vox-Surf将空间分为有限的体素。每个体素将几何形状和外观信息存储在其角顶点。 Vox-Surf得益于从体素表示继承的稀疏性,几乎适用于任何情况,并且可以轻松地从多个视图图像中训练。我们利用渐进式训练程序逐渐提取重要体素,以进一步优化,以便仅保留有效的体素,从而大大减少了采样点的数量并增加了渲染速度。细素还可以视为碰撞检测的边界量。该实验表明,与其他方法相比,Vox-Surf表示可以学习精致的表面细节和准确的颜色,并以更少的记忆力和更快的渲染速度来学习。我们还表明,Vox-Surf在场景编辑和AR应用中可能更实用。
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Recent methods for neural surface representation and rendering, for example NeuS, have demonstrated remarkably high-quality reconstruction of static scenes. However, the training of NeuS takes an extremely long time (8 hours), which makes it almost impossible to apply them to dynamic scenes with thousands of frames. We propose a fast neural surface reconstruction approach, called NeuS2, which achieves two orders of magnitude improvement in terms of acceleration without compromising reconstruction quality. To accelerate the training process, we integrate multi-resolution hash encodings into a neural surface representation and implement our whole algorithm in CUDA. We also present a lightweight calculation of second-order derivatives tailored to our networks (i.e., ReLU-based MLPs), which achieves a factor two speed up. To further stabilize training, a progressive learning strategy is proposed to optimize multi-resolution hash encodings from coarse to fine. In addition, we extend our method for reconstructing dynamic scenes with an incremental training strategy. Our experiments on various datasets demonstrate that NeuS2 significantly outperforms the state-of-the-arts in both surface reconstruction accuracy and training speed. The video is available at https://vcai.mpi-inf.mpg.de/projects/NeuS2/ .
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图像中的3D重建在虚拟现实和自动驾驶中具有广泛的应用,在此精确要求非常高。通过利用多层感知,在神经辐射场(NERF)中进行的突破性研究已大大提高了3D对象的表示质量。后来的一些研究通过建立截短的签名距离场(TSDF)改善了NERF,但仍遭受3D重建中表面模糊的问题。在这项工作中,通过提出一种新颖的3D形状表示方式Omninerf来解决这种表面歧义。它基于训练Omni方向距离场(ODF)和神经辐射场的混合隐式场,用全向信息代替NERF中的明显密度。此外,我们在深度图上介绍了其他监督,以进一步提高重建质量。该提出的方法已被证明可以有效处理表面重建边缘的NERF缺陷,从而提供了更高质量的3D场景重建结果。
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神经隐式表面已成为多视图3D重建的重要技术,但它们的准确性仍然有限。在本文中,我们认为这来自难以学习和呈现具有神经网络的高频纹理。因此,我们建议在不同视图中添加标准神经渲染优化直接照片一致性术语。直观地,我们优化隐式几何体,以便以一致的方式扭曲彼此的视图。我们证明,两个元素是这种方法成功的关键:(i)使用沿着每条光线的预测占用和3D点的预测占用和法线来翘曲整个补丁,并用稳健的结构相似度测量它们的相似性; (ii)以这种方式处理可见性和遮挡,使得不正确的扭曲不会给出太多的重要性,同时鼓励重建尽可能完整。我们评估了我们的方法,在标准的DTU和EPFL基准上被称为NeuralWarp,并表明它在两个数据集上以超过20%重建的艺术态度优于未经监督的隐式表面。
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我们介绍了Sparseneus,这是一种基于神经渲染的新方法,用于从多视图图像中进行表面重建的任务。当仅提供稀疏图像作为输入时,此任务变得更加困难,这种情况通常会产生不完整或失真的结果。此外,他们无法概括看不见的新场景会阻碍他们在实践中的应用。相反,Sparseneus可以概括为新场景,并与稀疏的图像(仅2或3)良好合作。 Sparseneus采用签名的距离函数(SDF)作为表面表示,并通过引入代码编码通用表面预测的几何形状来从图像特征中学习可概括的先验。此外,引入了几种策略,以有效利用稀疏视图来进行高质量重建,包括1)多层几何推理框架以粗略的方式恢复表面; 2)多尺度的颜色混合方案,以实现更可靠的颜色预测; 3)一种一致性意识的微调方案,以控制由遮挡和噪声引起的不一致区域。广泛的实验表明,我们的方法不仅胜过最先进的方法,而且表现出良好的效率,可推广性和灵活性。
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In this work we address the challenging problem of multiview 3D surface reconstruction. We introduce a neural network architecture that simultaneously learns the unknown geometry, camera parameters, and a neural renderer that approximates the light reflected from the surface towards the camera. The geometry is represented as a zero level-set of a neural network, while the neural renderer, derived from the rendering equation, is capable of (implicitly) modeling a wide set of lighting conditions and materials. We trained our network on real world 2D images of objects with different material properties, lighting conditions, and noisy camera initializations from the DTU MVS dataset. We found our model to produce state of the art 3D surface reconstructions with high fidelity, resolution and detail.
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With the success of neural volume rendering in novel view synthesis, neural implicit reconstruction with volume rendering has become popular. However, most methods optimize per-scene functions and are unable to generalize to novel scenes. We introduce VolRecon, a generalizable implicit reconstruction method with Signed Ray Distance Function (SRDF). To reconstruct with fine details and little noise, we combine projection features, aggregated from multi-view features with a view transformer, and volume features interpolated from a coarse global feature volume. A ray transformer computes SRDF values of all the samples along a ray to estimate the surface location, which are used for volume rendering of color and depth. Extensive experiments on DTU and ETH3D demonstrate the effectiveness and generalization ability of our method. On DTU, our method outperforms SparseNeuS by about 30% in sparse view reconstruction and achieves comparable quality as MVSNet in full view reconstruction. Besides, our method shows good generalization ability on the large-scale ETH3D benchmark. Project page: https://fangjinhuawang.github.io/VolRecon.
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神经隐式表示在新的视图合成和来自多视图图像的高质量3D重建方面显示了其有效性。但是,大多数方法都集中在整体场景表示上,但忽略了其中的各个对象,从而限制了潜在的下游应用程序。为了学习对象组合表示形式,一些作品将2D语义图作为训练中的提示,以掌握对象之间的差异。但是他们忽略了对象几何和实例语义信息之间的牢固联系,这导致了单个实例的不准确建模。本文提出了一个新颖的框架ObjectsDF,以在3D重建和对象表示中构建具有高保真度的对象复合神经隐式表示。观察常规音量渲染管道的歧义,我们通过组合单个对象的签名距离函数(SDF)来对场景进行建模,以发挥明确的表面约束。区分不同实例的关键是重新审视单个对象的SDF和语义标签之间的牢固关联。特别是,我们将语义信息转换为对象SDF的函数,并为场景和对象开发统一而紧凑的表示形式。实验结果表明,ObjectSDF框架在表示整体对象组合场景和各个实例方面的优越性。可以在https://qianyiwu.github.io/objectsdf/上找到代码
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我们提出了一种准确的3D重建方法的方法。我们基于神经重建和渲染(例如神经辐射场(NERF))的最新进展的优势。这种方法的一个主要缺点是,它们未能重建对象的任何部分,这些部分在训练图像中不明确可见,这通常是野外图像和视频的情况。当缺乏证据时,可以使用诸如对称的结构先验来完成缺失的信息。但是,在神经渲染中利用此类先验是高度不平凡的:虽然几何和非反射材料可能是对称的,但环境场景的阴影和反射通常不是对称的。为了解决这个问题,我们将软对称性约束应用于3D几何和材料特性,并将外观纳入照明,反照率和反射率。我们在最近引入的CO3D数据集上评估了我们的方法,这是由于重建高度反射材料的挑战,重点是汽车类别。我们表明,它可以用高保真度重建未观察到的区域,并渲染高质量的新型视图图像。
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神经隐式功能最近显示了来自多个视图的表面重建的有希望的结果。但是,当重建无限或复杂的场景时,当前的方法仍然遭受过度复杂性和稳健性不佳。在本文中,我们介绍了RegSDF,这表明适当的点云监督和几何正规化足以产生高质量和健壮的重建结果。具体而言,RegSDF将额外的定向点云作为输入,并优化了可区分渲染框架内的签名距离字段和表面灯场。我们还介绍了这两个关键的正规化。第一个是在给定嘈杂和不完整输入的整个距离字段中平稳扩散签名距离值的Hessian正则化。第二个是最小的表面正则化,可紧凑并推断缺失的几何形状。大量实验是在DTU,BlendenDMV以及储罐和寺庙数据集上进行的。与最近的神经表面重建方法相比,RegSDF即使对于具有复杂拓扑和非结构化摄像头轨迹的开放场景,RegSDF也能够重建表面。
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We propose a differentiable sphere tracing algorithm to bridge the gap between inverse graphics methods and the recently proposed deep learning based implicit signed distance function. Due to the nature of the implicit function, the rendering process requires tremendous function queries, which is particularly problematic when the function is represented as a neural network. We optimize both the forward and backward passes of our rendering layer to make it run efficiently with affordable memory consumption on a commodity graphics card. Our rendering method is fully differentiable such that losses can be directly computed on the rendered 2D observations, and the gradients can be propagated backwards to optimize the 3D geometry. We show that our rendering method can effectively reconstruct accurate 3D shapes from various inputs, such as sparse depth and multi-view images, through inverse optimization. With the geometry based reasoning, our 3D shape prediction methods show excellent generalization capability and robustness against various noises. * Work done while Shaohui Liu was an academic guest at ETH Zurich.
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获取房间规模场景的高质量3D重建对于即将到来的AR或VR应用是至关重要的。这些范围从混合现实应用程序进行电话会议,虚拟测量,虚拟房间刨,到机器人应用。虽然使用神经辐射场(NERF)的基于卷的视图合成方法显示有希望再现对象或场景的外观,但它们不会重建实际表面。基于密度的表面的体积表示在使用行进立方体提取表面时导致伪影,因为在优化期间,密度沿着射线累积,并且不在单个样本点处于隔离点。我们建议使用隐式函数(截短的签名距离函数)来代表表面来代表表面。我们展示了如何在NERF框架中纳入此表示,并将其扩展为使用来自商品RGB-D传感器的深度测量,例如Kinect。此外,我们提出了一种姿势和相机细化技术,可提高整体重建质量。相反,与集成NERF的深度前瞻性的并发工作,其专注于新型视图合成,我们的方法能够重建高质量的韵律3D重建。
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Photo-realistic free-viewpoint rendering of real-world scenes using classical computer graphics techniques is challenging, because it requires the difficult step of capturing detailed appearance and geometry models. Recent studies have demonstrated promising results by learning scene representations that implicitly encode both geometry and appearance without 3D supervision. However, existing approaches in practice often show blurry renderings caused by the limited network capacity or the difficulty in finding accurate intersections of camera rays with the scene geometry. Synthesizing high-resolution imagery from these representations often requires time-consuming optical ray marching. In this work, we introduce Neural Sparse Voxel Fields (NSVF), a new neural scene representation for fast and high-quality free-viewpoint rendering. NSVF defines a set of voxel-bounded implicit fields organized in a sparse voxel octree to model local properties in each cell. We progressively learn the underlying voxel structures with a diffentiable ray-marching operation from only a set of posed RGB images. With the sparse voxel octree structure, rendering novel views can be accelerated by skipping the voxels containing no relevant scene content. Our method is typically over 10 times faster than the state-of-the-art (namely, NeRF (Mildenhall et al., 2020)) at inference time while achieving higher quality results. Furthermore, by utilizing an explicit sparse voxel representation, our method can easily be applied to scene editing and scene composition. We also demonstrate several challenging tasks, including multi-scene learning, free-viewpoint rendering of a moving human, and large-scale scene rendering. Code and data are available at our website: https://github.com/facebookresearch/NSVF.
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We present a method that achieves state-of-the-art results for synthesizing novel views of complex scenes by optimizing an underlying continuous volumetric scene function using a sparse set of input views. Our algorithm represents a scene using a fully-connected (nonconvolutional) deep network, whose input is a single continuous 5D coordinate (spatial location (x, y, z) and viewing direction (θ, φ)) and whose output is the volume density and view-dependent emitted radiance at that spatial location. We synthesize views by querying 5D coordinates along camera rays and use classic volume rendering techniques to project the output colors and densities into an image. Because volume rendering is naturally differentiable, the only input required to optimize our representation is a set of images with known camera poses. We describe how to effectively optimize neural radiance fields to render photorealistic novel views of scenes with complicated geometry and appearance, and demonstrate results that outperform prior work on neural rendering and view synthesis. View synthesis results are best viewed as videos, so we urge readers to view our supplementary video for convincing comparisons.
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