人重新识别（RE-ID）在公共安全和视频监控等应用中起着重要作用。最近，从合成数据引擎的普及中获益的合成数据学习，从公众眼中引起了极大的关注。但是，现有数据集数量，多样性和变性有限，并且不能有效地用于重新ID问题。为了解决这一挑战，我们手动构造一个名为FineGPR的大型人数据集，具有细粒度的属性注释。此外，旨在充分利用FineGPR的潜力，并推广从数百万综合数据的高效培训，我们提出了一个名为AOST的属性分析流水线，它动态地学习了真实域中的属性分布，然后消除了合成和现实世界之间的差距因此，自由地部署到新场景。在基准上进行的实验表明，FineGPR具有AOST胜过（或与）现有的实际和合成数据集，这表明其对重新ID任务的可行性，并证明了众所周知的较少的原则。我们的Synthetic FineGPR数据集可公开可用于\ URL {https://github.com/jeremyxsc/finegpr}。

Pretraining is a dominant paradigm in computer vision. Generally, supervised ImageNet pretraining is commonly used to initialize the backbones of person re-identification (Re-ID) models. However, recent works show a surprising result that CNN-based pretraining on ImageNet has limited impacts on Re-ID system due to the large domain gap between ImageNet and person Re-ID data. To seek an alternative to traditional pretraining, here we investigate semantic-based pretraining as another method to utilize additional textual data against ImageNet pretraining. Specifically, we manually construct a diversified FineGPR-C caption dataset for the first time on person Re-ID events. Based on it, a pure semantic-based pretraining approach named VTBR is proposed to adopt dense captions to learn visual representations with fewer images. We train convolutional neural networks from scratch on the captions of FineGPR-C dataset, and then transfer them to downstream Re-ID tasks. Comprehensive experiments conducted on benchmark datasets show that our VTBR can achieve competitive performance compared with ImageNet pretraining - despite using up to 1.4x fewer images, revealing its potential in Re-ID pretraining.

Person re-identification plays a significant role in realistic scenarios due to its various applications in public security and video surveillance. Recently, leveraging the supervised or semi-unsupervised learning paradigms, which benefits from the large-scale datasets and strong computing performance, has achieved a competitive performance on a specific target domain. However, when Re-ID models are directly deployed in a new domain without target samples, they always suffer from considerable performance degradation and poor domain generalization. To address this challenge, we propose a Deep Multimodal Fusion network to elaborate rich semantic knowledge for assisting in representation learning during the pre-training. Importantly, a multimodal fusion strategy is introduced to translate the features of different modalities into the common space, which can significantly boost generalization capability of Re-ID model. As for the fine-tuning stage, a realistic dataset is adopted to fine-tune the pre-trained model for better distribution alignment with real-world data. Comprehensive experiments on benchmarks demonstrate that our method can significantly outperform previous domain generalization or meta-learning methods with a clear margin. Our source code will also be publicly available at https://github.com/JeremyXSC/DMF.

近年来，随着对公共安全的需求越来越多，智能监测网络的快速发展，人员重新识别（RE-ID）已成为计算机视野领域的热门研究主题之一。人员RE-ID的主要研究目标是从不同的摄像机中检索具有相同身份的人。但是，传统的人重新ID方法需要手动标记人的目标，这消耗了大量的劳动力成本。随着深度神经网络的广泛应用，出现了许多基于深入的基于学习的人物的方法。因此，本文促进研究人员了解最新的研究成果和该领域的未来趋势。首先，我们总结了对几个最近公布的人的研究重新ID调查，并补充了系统地分类基于深度学习的人的重新ID方法的最新研究方法。其次，我们提出了一种多维分类，根据度量标准和表示学习，将基于深度学习的人的重新ID方法分为四类，包括深度度量学习，本地特征学习，生成的对抗学习和序列特征学习的方法。此外，我们根据其方法和动机来细分以上四类，讨论部分子类别的优缺点。最后，我们讨论了一些挑战和可能的研究方向的人重新ID。

深度神经网络在人类分析中已经普遍存在，增强了应用的性能，例如生物识别识别，动作识别以及人重新识别。但是，此类网络的性能通过可用的培训数据缩放。在人类分析中，对大规模数据集的需求构成了严重的挑战，因为数据收集乏味，廉价，昂贵，并且必须遵守数据保护法。当前的研究研究了\ textit {合成数据}的生成，作为在现场收集真实数据的有效且具有隐私性的替代方案。这项调查介绍了基本定义和方法，在生成和采用合成数据进行人类分析时必不可少。我们进行了一项调查，总结了当前的最新方法以及使用合成数据的主要好处。我们还提供了公开可用的合成数据集和生成模型的概述。最后，我们讨论了该领域的局限性以及开放研究问题。这项调查旨在为人类分析领域的研究人员和从业人员提供。

具有大量空间和时间跨境的情景中的人重新识别（RE-ID）尚未完全探索。这部分原因是，现有的基准数据集主要由有限的空间和时间范围收集，例如，使用在校园特定区域的相机录制的视频中使用的视频。这种有限的空间和时间范围使得难以模拟真实情景中的人的困难。在这项工作中，我们贡献了一个新的大型时空上次最后一个数据集，包括10,862个图像，具有超过228k的图像。与现有数据集相比，最后一个具有挑战性和高度多样性的重新ID设置，以及显着更大的空间和时间范围。例如，每个人都可以出现在不同的城市或国家，以及在白天到夜间的各个时隙，以及春季到冬季的不同季节。为了我们的最佳知识，最后是一个新的Perse Re-ID数据集，具有最大的时空范围。基于最后，我们通过对14个RE-ID算法进行全面的绩效评估来验证其挑战。我们进一步提出了一种易于实施的基线，适用于如此挑战的重新ID设置。我们还验证了初步训练的模型可以在具有短期和更改方案的现有数据集中概括。我们期待持续激发未来的工程，以更现实和挑战的重新识别任务。有关DataSet的更多信息，请访问https://github.com/shuxjweb/last.git。

Person re-identification (Re-ID) aims at retrieving a person of interest across multiple non-overlapping cameras. With the advancement of deep neural networks and increasing demand of intelligent video surveillance, it has gained significantly increased interest in the computer vision community. By dissecting the involved components in developing a person Re-ID system, we categorize it into the closed-world and open-world settings. The widely studied closed-world setting is usually applied under various research-oriented assumptions, and has achieved inspiring success using deep learning techniques on a number of datasets. We first conduct a comprehensive overview with in-depth analysis for closed-world person Re-ID from three different perspectives, including deep feature representation learning, deep metric learning and ranking optimization. With the performance saturation under closed-world setting, the research focus for person Re-ID has recently shifted to the open-world setting, facing more challenging issues. This setting is closer to practical applications under specific scenarios. We summarize the open-world Re-ID in terms of five different aspects. By analyzing the advantages of existing methods, we design a powerful AGW baseline, achieving state-of-the-art or at least comparable performance on twelve datasets for FOUR different Re-ID tasks. Meanwhile, we introduce a new evaluation metric (mINP) for person Re-ID, indicating the cost for finding all the correct matches, which provides an additional criteria to evaluate the Re-ID system for real applications. Finally, some important yet under-investigated open issues are discussed.

Although the performance of person Re-Identification (ReID) has been significantly boosted, many challenging issues in real scenarios have not been fully investigated, e.g., the complex scenes and lighting variations, viewpoint and pose changes, and the large number of identities in a camera network. To facilitate the research towards conquering those issues, this paper contributes a new dataset called MSMT17 with many important features, e.g., 1) the raw videos are taken by an 15-camera network deployed in both indoor and outdoor scenes, 2) the videos cover a long period of time and present complex lighting variations, and 3) it contains currently the largest number of annotated identities, i.e., 4,101 identities and 126,441 bounding boxes. We also observe that, domain gap commonly exists between datasets, which essentially causes severe performance drop when training and testing on different datasets. This results in that available training data cannot be effectively leveraged for new testing domains. To relieve the expensive costs of annotating new training samples, we propose a Person Transfer Generative Adversarial Network (PTGAN) to bridge the domain gap. Comprehensive experiments show that the domain gap could be substantially narrowed-down by the PTGAN.

如今，在人员重新识别（Reid）任务的真实数据面临隐私问题，例如，禁止DataSet Dukemtmc-Reid。因此，收集Reid任务的真实数据变得更难。同时，标签的劳动力成本仍然很高，进一步阻碍了Reid研究的发展。因此，许多方法转向为REID算法生成合成图像作为替代方而不是真实图像。然而，合成和真实图像之间存在不可避免的领域差距。在以前的方法中，生成过程基于虚拟场景，并且无法根据不同的目标实际场景自动更改其合成训练数据。为了处理这个问题，我们提出了一种新颖的目标感知一代管道，以产生称为Tagerson的合成人物图像。具体地，它涉及参数化渲染方法，其中参数是可控的，并且可以根据目标场景调整。在Tagperson中，我们从目标场景中提取信息，并使用它们来控制我们的参数化渲染过程以生成目标感知的合成图像，这将使目标域中的实图像保持较小的间隙。在我们的实验中，我们的目标感知的合成图像可以实现比MSMT17上的广义合成图像更高的性能，即秩1精度的47.5％与40.9％。我们将发布此工具包\脚注{\ noindent代码可用于\ href {https://github.com/tagperson/tagperson-blender} {https：//github.com/tagperson/tagperson -brender}}为Reid社区以任何所需味道产生合成图像。

由于其在智能城市和城市监测中的潜在应用，车辆重新ID最近引起了热烈的关注。然而，它遭受了通过观察变化和照明变化引起的大型阶级变化，以及阶级相似性，特别是对于具有类似外观的不同标识。为了处理这些问题，在本文中，我们提出了一种新颖的深度网络架构，其由有意义的属性引导，包括相机视图，车辆类型和用于车辆RE-ID的颜色。特别是，我们的网络是端到端训练的，并包含由相应属性嵌入的深度特征的三个子网（即，相机视图，车辆类型和车辆颜色）。此外，为了克服不同视图的有限载体图像的缺点，我们设计了一个视图指定的生成的对抗性网络来生成多视图车辆图像。对于网络培训，我们在Veri-776数据集上注释了视图标签。请注意，只能使用ID信息直接在其他数据集上直接在其他数据集上采用预先训练的视图（以及类型和颜色）子网，这展示了我们模型的泛化。基准数据集Veri-776和车辆的广泛实验表明，拟议的方法实现了有希望的性能，并对车辆重新ID的新型最先进的性能。

由于其前所未有的优势，在规模，移动，部署和隐蔽观察能力方面，空中平台和成像传感器的快速出现是实现新的空中监测形式。本文从计算机视觉和模式识别的角度来看，全面概述了以人为本的空中监控任务。它旨在为读者提供使用无人机，无人机和其他空中平台的空中监测任务当前状态的深入系统审查和技术分析。感兴趣的主要对象是人类，其中要检测单个或多个受试者，识别，跟踪，重新识别并进行其行为。更具体地，对于这四项任务中的每一个，我们首先讨论与基于地面的设置相比在空中环境中执行这些任务的独特挑战。然后，我们审查和分析公共可用于每项任务的航空数据集，并深入了解航空文学中的方法，并调查他们目前如何应对鸟瞰挑战。我们在讨论缺失差距和开放研究问题的讨论中得出结论，告知未来的研究途径。

步态描绘了个人独特而区别的步行模式，并已成为人类识别最有希望的生物识别特征之一。作为一项精细的识别任务，步态识别很容易受到许多因素的影响，并且通常需要大量完全注释的数据，这些数据是昂贵且无法满足的。本文提出了一个大规模的自我监督基准，以通过对比度学习进行步态识别，旨在通过提供信息丰富的步行先验和各种现实世界中的多样化的变化，从大型的无标记的步行视频中学习一般步态代表。具体而言，我们收集了一个由1.02m步行序列组成的大规模的无标记的步态数据集gaitu-1m，并提出了一个概念上简单而经验上强大的基线模型步态。在实验上，我们在四个广泛使用的步态基准（Casia-B，Ou-Mvlp，Grew and Grew and Gait3d）上评估了预训练的模型，或者在不转移学习的情况下。无监督的结果与基于早期模型和基于GEI的早期方法相当甚至更好。在转移学习后，我们的方法在大多数情况下都超过现有方法。从理论上讲，我们讨论了步态特异性对比框架的关键问题，并提供了一些进一步研究的见解。据我们所知，Gaitlu-1M是第一个大规模未标记的步态数据集，而GaitSSB是第一种在上述基准测试基准上取得显着无监督结果的方法。 GaitSSB的源代码将集成到OpenGait中，可在https://github.com/shiqiyu/opengait上获得。

在视频监视和时尚检索中，识别软性识别人行人属性至关重要。最近的作品在单个数据集上显示了有希望的结果。然而，这些方法在不同属性分布，观点，不同的照明和低分辨率下的概括能力很少因当前数据集中的强偏差和变化属性而很少被理解。为了缩小这一差距并支持系统的调查，我们介绍了UPAR，即统一的人属性识别数据集。它基于四个知名人士属性识别数据集：PA100K，PETA，RAPV2和Market1501。我们通过提供3300万个附加注释来统一这些数据集，以在整个数据集中统一40个属性类别的40个重要二进制属性。因此，我们首次对可概括的行人属性识别以及基于属性的人检索进行研究。由于图像分布，行人姿势，规模和遮挡的巨大差异，现有方法在准确性和效率方面都受到了极大的挑战。此外，我们基于对正则化方法的彻底分析，为基于PAR和属性的人检索开发了强大的基线。我们的模型在PA100K，PETA，RAPV2，Market1501-Atributes和UPAR上的跨域和专业设置中实现了最先进的性能。我们相信UPAR和我们的强大基线将为人工智能界做出贡献，并促进有关大规模，可推广属性识别系统的研究。

Image and video synthesis has become a blooming topic in computer vision and machine learning communities along with the developments of deep generative models, due to its great academic and application value. Many researchers have been devoted to synthesizing high-fidelity human images as one of the most commonly seen object categories in daily lives, where a large number of studies are performed based on various deep generative models, task settings and applications. Thus, it is necessary to give a comprehensive overview on these variant methods on human image generation. In this paper, we divide human image generation techniques into three paradigms, i.e., data-driven methods, knowledge-guided methods and hybrid methods. For each route, the most representative models and the corresponding variants are presented, where the advantages and characteristics of different methods are summarized in terms of model architectures and input/output requirements. Besides, the main public human image datasets and evaluation metrics in the literature are also summarized. Furthermore, due to the wide application potentials, two typical downstream usages of synthesized human images are covered, i.e., data augmentation for person recognition tasks and virtual try-on for fashion customers. Finally, we discuss the challenges and potential directions of human image generation to shed light on future research.

作为一个常见的图像编辑操作，图像组成旨在将前景从一个图像切割并粘贴在另一个图像上，从而产生复合图像。但是，有许多问题可能使复合图像不现实。这些问题可以总结为前景和背景之间的不一致，包括外观不一致（例如，不兼容的照明），几何不一致（例如不合理的大小）和语义不一致（例如，不匹配的语义上下文）。先前的作品将图像组成任务分为多个子任务，其中每个子任务在一个或多个问题上目标。具体而言，对象放置旨在为前景找到合理的比例，位置和形状。图像混合旨在解决前景和背景之间的不自然边界。图像协调旨在调整前景的照明统计数据。影子生成旨在为前景产生合理的阴影。通过将所有上述努力放在一起，我们可以获取现实的复合图像。据我们所知，以前没有关于图像组成的调查。在本文中，我们对图像组成的子任务进行了全面的调查。对于每个子任务，我们总结了传统方法，基于深度学习的方法，数据集和评估。我们还指出了每个子任务中现有方法的局限性以及整个图像组成任务的问题。图像组合的数据集和代码在https://github.com/bcmi/awesome-image-composition上进行了总结。

Person re-identification (re-ID) models trained on one domain often fail to generalize well to another. In our attempt, we present a "learning via translation" framework. In the baseline, we translate the labeled images from source to target domain in an unsupervised manner. We then train re-ID models with the translated images by supervised methods. Yet, being an essential part of this framework, unsupervised image-image translation suffers from the information loss of source-domain labels during translation.Our motivation is two-fold. First, for each image, the discriminative cues contained in its ID label should be maintained after translation. Second, given the fact that two domains have entirely different persons, a translated image should be dissimilar to any of the target IDs. To this end, we propose to preserve two types of unsupervised similarities, 1) self-similarity of an image before and after translation, and 2) domain-dissimilarity of a translated source image and a target image. Both constraints are implemented in the similarity preserving generative adversarial network (SPGAN) which consists of an Siamese network and a Cy-cleGAN. Through domain adaptation experiment, we show that images generated by SPGAN are more suitable for domain adaptation and yield consistent and competitive re-ID accuracy on two large-scale datasets.

这项工作旨在将在一个图像域上预先训练的生成的对抗网络（GaN）转移到新域名，其仅仅是只有一个目标图像。主要挑战是，在有限的监督下，综合照片现实和高度多样化的图像非常困难，同时获取目标的代表性。不同于采用Vanilla微调策略的现有方法，我们分别将两个轻量级模块导入发电机和鉴别器。具体地，我们将属性适配器引入发电机中冻结其原始参数，通过该参数，它可以通过其重复利用现有知识，因此保持合成质量和多样性。然后，我们用一个属性分类器装备了学习良好的鉴别器骨干，以确保生成器从引用中捕获相应的字符。此外，考虑到培训数据的多样性差（即，只有一个图像），我们建议在培训过程中建议在生成域中的多样性限制，减轻优化难度。我们的方法在各种环境下提出了吸引力的结果，基本上超越了最先进的替代方案，特别是在合成多样性方面。明显的是，我们的方法即使具有大域间隙，并且在几分钟内为每个实验提供鲁棒地收敛。

Human parsing aims to partition humans in image or video into multiple pixel-level semantic parts. In the last decade, it has gained significantly increased interest in the computer vision community and has been utilized in a broad range of practical applications, from security monitoring, to social media, to visual special effects, just to name a few. Although deep learning-based human parsing solutions have made remarkable achievements, many important concepts, existing challenges, and potential research directions are still confusing. In this survey, we comprehensively review three core sub-tasks: single human parsing, multiple human parsing, and video human parsing, by introducing their respective task settings, background concepts, relevant problems and applications, representative literature, and datasets. We also present quantitative performance comparisons of the reviewed methods on benchmark datasets. Additionally, to promote sustainable development of the community, we put forward a transformer-based human parsing framework, providing a high-performance baseline for follow-up research through universal, concise, and extensible solutions. Finally, we point out a set of under-investigated open issues in this field and suggest new directions for future study. We also provide a regularly updated project page, to continuously track recent developments in this fast-advancing field: https://github.com/soeaver/awesome-human-parsing.

人重新识别（RE-ID）在监督场景中取得了巨大成功。但是，由于模型过于适合所见源域，因此很难将监督模型直接传输到任意看不见的域。在本文中，我们旨在从数据增强的角度来解决可推广的多源人员重新ID任务（即，在培训期间看不见测试域，并且在培训期间看不见测试域，因此我们提出了一种新颖的方法，称为Mixnorm，由域感知的混合范围（DMN）和域软件中心正则化（DCR）组成。不同于常规数据增强，提出的域吸引的混合范围化，以增强从神经网络的标准化视图中训练期间特征的多样性，这可以有效地减轻模型过度适应源域，从而提高概括性。在看不见的域中模型的能力。为了更好地学习域不变的模型，我们进一步开发了域吸引的中心正规化，以更好地将产生的各种功能映射到同一空间中。在多个基准数据集上进行的广泛实验验证了所提出的方法的有效性，并表明所提出的方法可以胜过最先进的方法。此外，进一步的分析还揭示了所提出的方法的优越性。

The main contribution of this paper is a simple semisupervised pipeline that only uses the original training set without collecting extra data. It is challenging in 1) how to obtain more training data only from the training set and 2) how to use the newly generated data. In this work, the generative adversarial network (GAN) is used to generate unlabeled samples. We propose the label smoothing regularization for outliers (LSRO). This method assigns a uniform label distribution to the unlabeled images, which regularizes the supervised model and improves the baseline.We verify the proposed method on a practical problem: person re-identification (re-ID). This task aims to retrieve a query person from other cameras. We adopt the deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN) for sample generation, and a baseline convolutional neural network (CNN) for representation learning. Experiments show that adding the GAN-generated data effectively improves the discriminative ability of learned CNN embeddings. On three large-scale datasets, Market-1501, CUHK03 and DukeMTMC-reID, we obtain +4.37%, +1.6% and +2.46% improvement in rank-1 precision over the baseline CNN, respectively. We additionally apply the proposed method to fine-grained bird recognition and achieve a +0.6% improvement over a strong baseline. The code is available at https://github.com/layumi/Person-reID_GAN .