协作过滤算法的优点是不需要敏感的用户或项目信息来提供建议。但是,他们仍然遭受与公平相关的问题的困扰,例如受欢迎程度偏见。在这项工作中,我们认为,当未向研究人员提供其他用户或项目信息时,受欢迎程度偏差通常会导致其他偏见。我们在书籍中使用书籍评分的常用数据集中的建议案例中检查了我们的假设。我们使用公开可用的外部资源将其丰富了作者信息。我们发现流行的书籍主要是由美国公民在数据集中撰写的,并且与用户的配置文件相比,流行的协作过滤算法往往会过分推荐这些书籍。我们得出的结论是,学者社区应进一步研究受欢迎程度偏见的社会含义。
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Recommender systems can strongly influence which information we see online, e.g., on social media, and thus impact our beliefs, decisions, and actions. At the same time, these systems can create substantial business value for different stakeholders. Given the growing potential impact of such AI-based systems on individuals, organizations, and society, questions of fairness have gained increased attention in recent years. However, research on fairness in recommender systems is still a developing area. In this survey, we first review the fundamental concepts and notions of fairness that were put forward in the area in the recent past. Afterward, through a review of more than 150 scholarly publications, we present an overview of how research in this field is currently operationalized, e.g., in terms of general research methodology, fairness measures, and algorithmic approaches. Overall, our analysis of recent works points to specific research gaps. In particular, we find that in many research works in computer science, very abstract problem operationalizations are prevalent, and questions of the underlying normative claims and what represents a fair recommendation in the context of a given application are often not discussed in depth. These observations call for more interdisciplinary research to address fairness in recommendation in a more comprehensive and impactful manner.
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受欢迎程度的偏见是,推荐系统将在向用户推荐艺术家时过度偏爱流行艺术家。因此,他们可能会为赢家众多的市场做出贡献,其中少数艺术家几乎受到了所有关注,而同样不太可能被发现。在本文中,我们尝试衡量三种最先进的推荐系统模型(例如Slim,Multi-Vae,WRMF)和三种商用音乐流服务(Spotify,Amazon Music,YouTube)中的流行偏见。我们发现,最准确的模型(Slim)也具有最受欢迎的偏见,而准确的模型的流行性偏差较小。我们还没有根据模拟用户实验发现商业建议中流行偏见的证据。
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如今,可以在许多电子商务平台上找到自动建议,并且此类建议可以为消费者和提供商创造巨大的价值。但是,通常并非所有推荐的物品都具有相同的利润率,因此,提供商可能会诱使促进最大化其利润的项目。在短期内,消费者可能会接受非最佳建议,但从长远来看,他们可能会失去信任。最终,这导致了设计平衡推荐策略的问题,这些策略既考虑消费者和提供商的价值,并带来持续的业务成功。这项工作提出了一个基于基于代理的建模的仿真框架,旨在帮助提供者探索不同推荐策略的纵向动态。在我们的模型中,消费者代理人收到了提供者的建议,并且建议的质量随着时间的推移影响消费者的信任。我们设计了几种推荐策略,可以使提供商的利润更大,或者对消费者公用事业。我们的模拟表明,一种混合​​策略会增加消费者公用事业的权重,但没有忽略盈利能力,从长远来看会导致累计利润最高。与纯粹的消费者或面向利润的策略相比,这种混合策略的利润增加了约20%。我们还发现,社交媒体可以加强观察到的现象。如果消费者严重依赖社交媒体,最佳战略的累积利润进一步增加。为了确保可重复性并培养未来的研究,我们将公开共享我们的灵活模拟框架。
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In this work a novel recommender system (RS) for Tourism is presented. The RS is context aware as is now the rule in the state-of-the-art for recommender systems and works on top of a tourism ontology which is used to group the different items being offered. The presented RS mixes different types of recommenders creating an ensemble which changes on the basis of the RS's maturity. Starting from simple content-based recommendations and iteratively adding popularity, demographic and collaborative filtering methods as rating density and user cardinality increases. The result is a RS that mutates during its lifetime and uses a tourism ontology and natural language processing (NLP) to correctly bin the items to specific item categories and meta categories in the ontology. This item classification facilitates the association between user preferences and items, as well as allowing to better classify and group the items being offered, which in turn is particularly useful for context-aware filtering.
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随着人格计算的出现作为与人工智能和人格心理有关的新研究领域,我们目睹了一个前所未有的人格意识推荐系统的扩散。与传统推荐系统不同,这些新系统解决了传统问题,如冷启动和数据稀疏问题。该调查旨在研究和系统地分类人格意识推荐系统。据我们所知,这项调查是第一个重点关注人格意识推荐系统。通过比较其个性建模方法以及其推荐技术,我们探索了人格感知推荐系统的不同设计选择。此外,我们介绍了常用的数据集,并指出了人格感知推荐系统的一些挑战。
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在这个大数据时代,当前一代很难从在线平台中包含的大量数据中找到正确的数据。在这种情况下,需要一个信息过滤系统,可以帮助他们找到所需的信息。近年来,出现了一个称为推荐系统的研究领域。推荐人变得重要,因为他们拥有许多现实生活应用。本文回顾了推荐系统在电子商务,电子商务,电子资源,电子政务,电子学习和电子生活中的不同技术和发展。通过分析有关该主题的最新工作,我们将能够详细概述当前的发展,并确定建议系统中的现有困难。最终结果为从业者和研究人员提供了对建议系统及其应用的必要指导和见解。
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推荐系统(RSS)旨在帮助用户从大型目录中有效检索其兴趣的项目。在很长一段时间内,研究人员和从业人员一直专注于开发准确的RSS。近年来,来自攻击,系统和用户产生的噪音,系统偏见的RSS威胁越来越多。结果,很明显,严格关注RS准确性是有限的,研究必须考虑其他重要因素,例如值得信赖。对于最终用户而言,值得信赖的RS(TRS)不仅应该是准确的,而且应该是透明,无偏见,公平的,并且对噪音或攻击也有牢固的态度。这些观察结果实际上导致了RSS研究的范式转移:从面向准确的RSS到TRS。但是,研究人员缺乏对这一小说和快速发展的TRS领域中文献的系统概述和讨论。为此,在本文中,我们提供了TRS的概述,包括讨论TRS的动机和基本概念,构建TRS的挑战的介绍以及该领域未来方向的观点。我们还提供了一个新颖的概念框架来支持TRS的构建。
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Such systems are particularly useful for entertainment products such as movies, music, and TV shows. Many customers will view the same movie, and each customer is likely to view numerous different movies. Customers have proven willing to indicate their level of satisfaction with particular movies, so a huge volume of data is available about which movies appeal to which customers. Companies can analyze this data to recommend movies to particular customers. RecommendeR system stRategiesBroadly speaking, recommender systems are based on one of two strategies. The content filtering approach creates a profile for each user or product to characterize its nature. For example, a movie profile could include attributes regarding its genre, the participating actors, its box office popularity, and so forth. User profiles might include demographic information or answers provided on a suitable questionnaire. The profiles allow programs to associate users with matching products. Of course, content-based strategies require gathering external information that might not be available or easy to collect.A known successful realization of content filtering is the Music Genome Project, which is used for the Internet radio service Pandora.com. A trained music analyst scores M odern consumers are inundated with choices. Electronic retailers and content providers offer a huge selection of products, with unprecedented opportunities to meet a variety of special needs and tastes. Matching consumers with the most appropriate products is key to enhancing user satisfaction and loyalty. Therefore, more retailers have become interested in recommender systems, which analyze patterns of user interest in products to provide personalized recommendations that suit a user's taste. Because good personalized recommendations can add another dimension to the user experience, e-commerce leaders like Amazon.com and Netflix have made recommender systems a salient part of their websites.
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在本文中,我们提出了一种方法,用于预测社交媒体对等体之间的信任链接,其中一个是在多识别信任建模的人工智能面积。特别是,我们提出了一种数据驱动的多面信任信任建模,该信任建模包括许多不同的特征以进行全面分析。我们专注于展示类似用户的聚类如何实现关键新功能:支持更个性化的,从而为用户提供更准确的预测。在信任感知项目推荐任务中说明,我们在大yelp数据集的上下文中评估所提出的框架。然后,我们讨论如何提高社交媒体的可信关系的检测可以帮助在最近爆发的社交网络环境中支持在线用户的违法行为和谣言的传播。我们的结论是关于一个特别易受资助的用户基础,老年人的反思,以说明关于用户组的推理价值,期望通过通过数据分析获得的洞察力集成已知偏好的一些未来方向。
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具有提供商端公平关注的公平意识的推荐系统寻求确保受保护的提供者有公平的机会来推广其物品或产品。当实施这种解决方案时,互动的消费者端将``公平成本''承担的``公平成本''。这种消费者端成本提出了自己的公平问题,尤其是当使用个性化来控制公平限制的影响时。在采用个性化方法来实现公平目标时,研究人员可能会为用户的战略行为开放系统。在``Bossiness''的术语下的计算社会选择文献中已经研究了这种激励措施。担心的是,专横的用户可能能够将公平成本转移给他人,改善自己的结果并为他人恶化。该立场论文介绍了保障的概念,显示了其在公平意识的建议中的应用,并讨论了减少这种战略激励措施的策略。
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这项调查旨在全面概述用户与推荐系统之间的相互作用和M&S应用程序之间的相互作用的最新趋势(M&S),以改善工业推荐引擎的性能。我们从实施模拟器的框架开发的动机开始,以及它们用于培训和测试不同类型(包括强化学习)的推荐系统的使用。此外,我们根据现有模拟器的功能,认可和工业有效性提供了新的一致分类,并总结了研究文献中发现的模拟器。除其他事情外,我们还讨论了模拟器的构建块:合成数据(用户,项目,用户项目响应)的生成,用于模拟质量评估的方法和数据集(包括监视的方法)和/或关闭可能的模拟到现实差距),以及用于汇总实验仿真结果的方法。最后,这项调查考虑了该领域的新主题和开放问题。
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推荐兴趣点是一个困难的问题,需要从基于位置的社交媒体平台中提取精确的位置信息。对于这种位置感知的推荐系统而言,另一个具有挑战性和关键的问题是根据用户的历史行为对用户的偏好进行建模。我们建议使用Transformers的双向编码器表示的位置感知建议系统,以便为用户提供基于位置的建议。提出的模型包含位置数据和用户偏好。与在序列中预测每个位置的下一项(位置)相比,我们的模型可以为用户提供更相关的结果。基准数据集上的广泛实验表明,我们的模型始终优于各种最新的顺序模型。
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In this chapter, we review and discuss the transformation of AI technology in HCI/UX work and assess how AI technology will change how we do the work. We first discuss how AI can be used to enhance the result of user research and design evaluation. We then discuss how AI technology can be used to enhance HCI/UX design. Finally, we discuss how AI-enabled capabilities can improve UX when users interact with computing systems, applications, and services.
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因果图作为因果建模的有效和强大的工具,通常被假定为有向的无环图(DAG)。但是,推荐系统通常涉及反馈循环,该反馈循环定义为推荐项目的循环过程,将用户反馈纳入模型更新以及重复该过程。结果,重要的是将循环纳入因果图中,以准确地对推荐系统进行动态和迭代数据生成过程。但是,反馈回路并不总是有益的,因为随着时间的流逝,它们可能会鼓励越来越狭窄的内容暴露,如果无人看管的话,可能会导致回声室。结果,重要的是要了解何时会导致Echo Chambers以及如何减轻回声室而不会损害建议性能。在本文中,我们设计了一个带有循环的因果图,以描述推荐的动态过程。然后,我们采取马尔可夫工艺来分析回声室的数学特性,例如导致回声腔的条件。受理论分析的启发,我们提出了一个动态的因果协作过滤($ \ partial $ ccf)模型,该模型估算了用户基于后门调整的项目的干预后偏好,并通过反事实推理减轻了Echo Echo Chamber。在现实世界数据集上进行了多个实验,结果表明,我们的框架可以比其他最先进的框架更好地减轻回声室,同时通过基本建议模型实现可比的建议性能。
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传统的推荐系统旨在根据观察到的群体的评级估算用户对物品的评级。与所有观察性研究一样,隐藏的混乱,这是影响物品曝光和用户评级的因素,导致估计系统偏差。因此,推荐制度研究的新趋势是否定混杂者对因果视角的影响。观察到建议中的混淆通常是在物品中共享的,因此是多原因混淆,我们将推荐模拟为多原因多结果(MCMO)推理问题。具体而言,为了解决混淆偏见,我们估计渲染项目曝光独立伯努利试验的用户特定的潜变量。生成分布由具有分解逻辑似然性的DNN参数化,并且通过变分推理估计难治性后续。控制这些因素作为替代混淆,在温和的假设下,可以消除多因素混淆所产生的偏差。此外,我们表明MCMO建模可能导致由于与高维因果空间相关的稀缺观察而导致高方差。幸运的是,我们理论上证明了作为预处理变量的推出用户特征可以大大提高样本效率并减轻过度装箱。模拟和现实世界数据集的实证研究表明,建议的深度因果额外推荐者比艺术最先进的因果推荐人员对未观察到的混乱更具稳健性。代码和数据集在https://github.com/yaochenzhu/deep-deconf发布。
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Recommender systems are ubiquitous in most of our interactions in the current digital world. Whether shopping for clothes, scrolling YouTube for exciting videos, or searching for restaurants in a new city, the recommender systems at the back-end power these services. Most large-scale recommender systems are huge models trained on extensive datasets and are black-boxes to both their developers and end-users. Prior research has shown that providing recommendations along with their reason enhances trust, scrutability, and persuasiveness of the recommender systems. Recent literature in explainability has been inundated with works proposing several algorithms to this end. Most of these works provide item-style explanations, i.e., `We recommend item A because you bought item B.' We propose a novel approach, RecXplainer, to generate more fine-grained explanations based on the user's preference over the attributes of the recommended items. We perform experiments using real-world datasets and demonstrate the efficacy of RecXplainer in capturing users' preferences and using them to explain recommendations. We also propose ten new evaluation metrics and compare RecXplainer to six baseline methods.
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A comprehensive pharmaceutical recommendation system was designed based on the patients and drugs features extracted from Drugs.com and Druglib.com. First, data from these databases were combined, and a dataset of patients and drug information was built. Secondly, the patients and drugs were clustered, and then the recommendation was performed using different ratings provided by patients, and importantly by the knowledge obtained from patients and drug specifications, and considering drug interactions. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first group to consider patients conditions and history in the proposed approach for selecting a specific medicine appropriate for that particular user. Our approach applies artificial intelligence (AI) models for the implementation. Sentiment analysis using natural language processing approaches is employed in pre-processing along with neural network-based methods and recommender system algorithms for modeling the system. In our work, patients conditions and drugs features are used for making two models based on matrix factorization. Then we used drug interaction to filter drugs with severe or mild interactions with other drugs. We developed a deep learning model for recommending drugs by using data from 2304 patients as a training set, and then we used data from 660 patients as our validation set. After that, we used knowledge from critical information about drugs and combined the outcome of the model into a knowledge-based system with the rules obtained from constraints on taking medicine.
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本文确定了数据驱动系统中的数据最小化和目的限制的两个核心数据保护原理。虽然当代数据处理实践似乎与这些原则的赔率达到差异,但我们证明系统可以在技术上使用的数据远远少于目前的数据。此观察是我们详细的技术法律分析的起点,揭示了妨碍了妨碍了实现的障碍,并举例说明了在实践中应用数据保护法的意外权衡。我们的分析旨在向辩论提供关于数据保护对欧盟人工智能发展的影响,为数据控制员,监管机构和研究人员提供实际行动点。
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本文根据推荐系统社区中当前的关注来研究用户属性:多样性,覆盖范围,校准和数据最小化。在利用侧面信息的传统上下文感知的推荐系统的实验中,我们表明用户属性并不总是改善建议。然后,我们证明用户属性可能会对多样性和覆盖率产生负面影响。最后,我们调查了从培训数据中``生存''到推荐人产生的建议列表中的有关用户的信息量。该信息是一个薄弱的信号,将来可能会被利用进行校准或作为隐私泄漏进一步研究。
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