当今的生成模型能够综合高保真图像,但是每个模型都专门研究特定的目标域。这增加了模型合并的需求:将两个或多个预贴的生成模型组合到单个统一模型中。在这项工作中,我们解决了模型合并的问题,鉴于在现实世界中经常出现的两个限制:(1)无法访问原始培训数据,并且(2)没有增加神经网络的大小。据我们所知,到目前为止尚未研究在这些约束下合并的模型。我们提出了一种新颖的两阶段解决方案。在第一阶段,我们将所有模型的权重转换为相同的参数空间,通过我们项模型生根的技术。在第二阶段,我们仅使用原始训练的模型生成的数据将其平均重量平均并为每个特定域进行微调来合并。我们证明我们的方法优于基线方法和现有的转移学习技术,并研究了几种应用。
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近年来有条件的GAN已经成熟,并且能够产生高质量的现实形象。但是,计算资源和培训高质量的GAN所需的培训数据是巨大的,因此对这些模型的转移学习的研究是一个紧急话题。在本文中,我们探讨了从高质量预训练的无条件GAN到有条件的GAN的转移。为此,我们提出了基于HyperNetwork的自适应权重调制。此外,我们介绍了一个自我初始化过程,不需要任何真实数据才能初始化HyperNetwork参数。为了进一步提高知识转移的样本效率,我们建议使用自我监督(对比)损失来改善GaN判别者。在广泛的实验中,我们验证了多个标准基准上的Hypernetworks,自我初始化和对比损失的效率。
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可以训练生成模型,以从特定域中生成图像,仅由文本提示引导,而不看到任何图像?换句话说:可以将图像生成器“盲目地训练”吗?利用大规模对比语言图像预训练(CLIP)模型的语义力量,我们提出了一种文本驱动方法,允许将生成模型转移到新域,而无需收集单个图像。我们展示通过自然语言提示和几分钟的培训,我们的方法可以通过各种风格和形状的多种域调整发电机。值得注意的是,许多这些修改难以与现有方法达到困难或完全不可能。我们在广泛的域中进行了广泛的实验和比较。这些证明了我们方法的有效性,并表明我们的移动模型保持了对下游任务吸引的生成模型的潜在空间属性。
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Domain adaptation of GANs is a problem of fine-tuning the state-of-the-art GAN models (e.g. StyleGAN) pretrained on a large dataset to a specific domain with few samples (e.g. painting faces, sketches, etc.). While there are a great number of methods that tackle this problem in different ways there are still many important questions that remain unanswered. In this paper, we provide a systematic and in-depth analysis of the domain adaptation problem of GANs, focusing on the StyleGAN model. First, we perform a detailed exploration of the most important parts of StyleGAN that are responsible for adapting the generator to a new domain depending on the similarity between the source and target domains. In particular, we show that affine layers of StyleGAN can be sufficient for fine-tuning to similar domains. Second, inspired by these findings, we investigate StyleSpace to utilize it for domain adaptation. We show that there exist directions in the StyleSpace that can adapt StyleGAN to new domains. Further, we examine these directions and discover their many surprising properties. Finally, we leverage our analysis and findings to deliver practical improvements and applications in such standard tasks as image-to-image translation and cross-domain morphing.
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Recent 3D-aware GANs rely on volumetric rendering techniques to disentangle the pose and appearance of objects, de facto generating entire 3D volumes rather than single-view 2D images from a latent code. Complex image editing tasks can be performed in standard 2D-based GANs (e.g., StyleGAN models) as manipulation of latent dimensions. However, to the best of our knowledge, similar properties have only been partially explored for 3D-aware GAN models. This work aims to fill this gap by showing the limitations of existing methods and proposing LatentSwap3D, a model-agnostic approach designed to enable attribute editing in the latent space of pre-trained 3D-aware GANs. We first identify the most relevant dimensions in the latent space of the model controlling the targeted attribute by relying on the feature importance ranking of a random forest classifier. Then, to apply the transformation, we swap the top-K most relevant latent dimensions of the image being edited with an image exhibiting the desired attribute. Despite its simplicity, LatentSwap3D provides remarkable semantic edits in a disentangled manner and outperforms alternative approaches both qualitatively and quantitatively. We demonstrate our semantic edit approach on various 3D-aware generative models such as pi-GAN, GIRAFFE, StyleSDF, MVCGAN, EG3D and VolumeGAN, and on diverse datasets, such as FFHQ, AFHQ, Cats, MetFaces, and CompCars. The project page can be found: \url{https://enisimsar.github.io/latentswap3d/}.
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GAN的进展使高分辨率的感性质量形象产生了产生。 stylegans允许通过数学操作对W/W+空间中的潜在样式向量进行数学操作进行引人入胜的属性修改,从而有效调节生成器的丰富层次结构表示。最近,此类操作已被推广到原始StyleGan纸中的属性交换之外,以包括插值。尽管StyleGans有许多重大改进,但仍被认为会产生不自然的图像。生成的图像的质量基于两个假设。 (a)生成器学到的层次表示的丰富性,以及(b)样式空间的线性和平滑度。在这项工作中,我们提出了一个层次的语义正常化程序(HSR),该层次正常化程序将生成器学到的层次表示与大量数据学到的相应的强大功能保持一致。 HSR不仅可以改善发电机的表示,还可以改善潜在风格空间的线性和平滑度,从而导致产生更自然的样式编辑的图像。为了证明线性改善,我们提出了一种新型的度量 - 属性线性评分(ALS)。通过改善感知路径长度(PPL)度量的改善,在不同的标准数据集中平均16.19%的不自然图像的生成显着降低,同时改善了属性编辑任务中属性变化的线性变化。
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Our goal with this survey is to provide an overview of the state of the art deep learning technologies for face generation and editing. We will cover popular latest architectures and discuss key ideas that make them work, such as inversion, latent representation, loss functions, training procedures, editing methods, and cross domain style transfer. We particularly focus on GAN-based architectures that have culminated in the StyleGAN approaches, which allow generation of high-quality face images and offer rich interfaces for controllable semantics editing and preserving photo quality. We aim to provide an entry point into the field for readers that have basic knowledge about the field of deep learning and are looking for an accessible introduction and overview.
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使用诸如GAN的生成模型产生多样化和现实图像通常需要大量的图像训练。具有极其限制的数据培训的GAN可以容易地覆盖很少的训练样本,并显示出“楼梯”潜在的空间,如潜在空间的过渡存在不连续性,偶尔会产生输出的突然变化。在这项工作中,我们认为我们的兴趣或可转让源数据集没有大规模数据集的情况,并寻求培训具有最小的过度和模式折叠的现有生成模型。我们在发电机和对应鉴别器的特征空间上提出基于潜在的混合距离正则化,这促使这两个玩家不仅仅是关于稀缺观察到的数据点,而且驻留的特征空间中的相对距离。不同数据集的定性和定量评估表明,我们的方法通常适用于现有模型,以在有限数据的约束下提高保真度和多样性。代码将公开。
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Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) typically suffer from overfitting when limited training data is available. To facilitate GAN training, current methods propose to use data-specific augmentation techniques. Despite the effectiveness, it is difficult for these methods to scale to practical applications. In this work, we present ScoreMix, a novel and scalable data augmentation approach for various image synthesis tasks. We first produce augmented samples using the convex combinations of the real samples. Then, we optimize the augmented samples by minimizing the norms of the data scores, i.e., the gradients of the log-density functions. This procedure enforces the augmented samples close to the data manifold. To estimate the scores, we train a deep estimation network with multi-scale score matching. For different image synthesis tasks, we train the score estimation network using different data. We do not require the tuning of the hyperparameters or modifications to the network architecture. The ScoreMix method effectively increases the diversity of data and reduces the overfitting problem. Moreover, it can be easily incorporated into existing GAN models with minor modifications. Experimental results on numerous tasks demonstrate that GAN models equipped with the ScoreMix method achieve significant improvements.
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生成的对抗网络(GANS)产生高质量的图像,但致力于训练。它们需要仔细正常化,大量计算和昂贵的超参数扫描。我们通过将生成和真实样本投影到固定的预级特征空间中,在这些问题上进行了重要的头路。发现鉴别者无法充分利用来自预押模型的更深层次的特征,我们提出了更有效的策略,可以在渠道和分辨率中混合特征。我们预计的GaN提高了图像质量,样品效率和收敛速度。它与最多一个百万像素的分辨率进一步兼容,并在二十二个基准数据集上推进最先进的FR \'Echet Inception距离(FID)。重要的是,预计的GAN符合先前最低的FID速度快40倍,鉴于相同的计算资源,将壁钟时间从5天切割到不到3小时。
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我们研究了GaN调理问题,其目标是使用标记数据将普雷雷尼的无条件GaN转换为条件GaN。我们首先识别并分析这一问题的三种方法 - 从头开始​​,微调和输入重新编程的条件GaN培训。我们的分析表明,当标记数据的数量很小时,输入重新编程执行最佳。通过稀缺标记数据的现实世界情景,我们专注于输入重编程方法,并仔细分析现有算法。在识别出先前输入重新编程方法的一些关键问题之后,我们提出了一种名为INREP +的新算法。我们的算法INREP +解决了现有问题,具有可逆性神经网络的新颖用途和正面未标记(PU)学习。通过广泛的实验,我们表明Inrep +优于所有现有方法,特别是当标签信息稀缺,嘈杂和/或不平衡时。例如,对于用1%标记数据调节CiFar10 GaN的任务,Inrep +实现了82.13的平均峰值,而第二个最佳方法达到114.51。
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深层生成模型通过自动化基于收集的数据集的多样性,现实内容的综合,使新手用户更容易访问视觉内容。但是,当前的机器学习方法错过了创作过程的关键要素 - 综合远远超出数据分配和日常体验的东西的能力。为了开始解决此问题,我们可以通过仅编辑一些具有所需几何变化的原始模型输出来“扭曲”给定模型。我们的方法将低级更新应用于单个模型层以重建编辑的示例。此外,为了打击过度拟合,我们建议一种基于样式混合的潜在空间增强方法。我们的方法允许用户创建一个模型,该模型可以通过定义的几何更改合成无尽的对象,从而可以创建新的生成模型,而无需策划大规模数据集。我们还证明可以组成编辑的模型以实现汇总效果,并提出了一个交互式界面,以使用户能够通过组合创建新的模型。对多个测试案例的经验测量表明,我们方法对最近的GAN微调方法的优势。最后,我们使用编辑的模型展示了多个应用程序,包括潜在空间插值和图像编辑。
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大规模训练的出现产生了强大的视觉识别模型的聚宝盆。然而,传统上以无人监督的方式从划痕训练的生成模型。可以利用来自一大堆预用的视觉模型的集体“知识”来改善GaN培训吗?如果是这样,有这么多的模型可供选择,应该选择哪一个,并且以什么方式最有效?我们发现预磨削的计算机视觉模型可以在鉴别器的集合中使用时显着提高性能。值得注意的是,所选模型的特定子集极大地影响性能。我们提出了一种有效的选择机制,通过探测预训练模型嵌入的实际和假样本之间的线性可分性,选择最准确的模型,并逐步将其添加到鉴别器集合中。有趣的是,我们的方法可以在有限的数据和大规模设置中提高GaN培训。只有10K培训样本,我们的LSUN猫的FID与1.6M图像培训的风格挂牌匹配。在完整的数据集上,我们的方法将FID提高了1.5倍的LSUN猫,教堂和马类的2倍。
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最近在图像编辑中找到了生成的对抗网络(GANS)。但是,大多数基于GaN的图像编辑方法通常需要具有用于训练的语义分段注释的大规模数据集,只提供高级控制,或者仅在不同图像之间插入。在这里,我们提出了EditGan,一种用于高质量,高精度语义图像编辑的新方法,允许用户通过修改高度详细的部分分割面罩,例如,为汽车前灯绘制新掩模来编辑图像。编辑登上的GAN框架上建立联合模型图像及其语义分割,只需要少数标记的示例,使其成为编辑的可扩展工具。具体地,我们将图像嵌入GaN潜在空间中,并根据分割编辑执行条件潜代码优化,这有效地修改了图像。算优化优化,我们发现在实现编辑的潜在空间中找到编辑向量。该框架允许我们学习任意数量的编辑向量,然后可以直接应用于交互式速率的其他图像。我们通过实验表明,EditGan可以用前所未有的细节和自由来操纵图像,同时保留完整的图像质量。我们还可以轻松地组合多个编辑并执行超出EditGan训练数据的合理编辑。我们在各种图像类型上展示编辑,并定量优于标准编辑基准任务的几种先前编辑方法。
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随着生成对冲网络(GANS)的快速进步,综合场景的视觉质量不断改进,包括复杂的城市场景,其中包含自动驾驶的应用。我们在这项工作中解决了一个持续的场景生成设置,其中GAN在不同的域流上培训;理想情况下,学习的模型最终应该能够在所有看到的域中生成新场景。此设置反映了现实生活场景,其中数据在不同时间的不同地方不断获取。在这种持续的设置中,我们的目标是学习零遗忘,即,由于灾难性的遗忘,在早期域内没有综合质量下降。为此,我们介绍了一种新颖的框架,不仅(i)可以在持续培训中实现无缝知识转移,而且(ii)还能以小的开销成本保证零遗忘。虽然更加内存有效,但由于继续学习,我们的模型比较每个域为一个完整模型的蛮力解决方案比较了更好的合成质量。特别是,在极端的低数据制度下,我们的方法通过大幅度大幅优于蛮力。
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The style-based GAN architecture (StyleGAN) yields state-of-the-art results in data-driven unconditional generative image modeling. We expose and analyze several of its characteristic artifacts, and propose changes in both model architecture and training methods to address them. In particular, we redesign the generator normalization, revisit progressive growing, and regularize the generator to encourage good conditioning in the mapping from latent codes to images. In addition to improving image quality, this path length regularizer yields the additional benefit that the generator becomes significantly easier to invert. This makes it possible to reliably attribute a generated image to a particular network. We furthermore visualize how well the generator utilizes its output resolution, and identify a capacity problem, motivating us to train larger models for additional quality improvements. Overall, our improved model redefines the state of the art in unconditional image modeling, both in terms of existing distribution quality metrics as well as perceived image quality.
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Generative models have been very successful over the years and have received significant attention for synthetic data generation. As deep learning models are getting more and more complex, they require large amounts of data to perform accurately. In medical image analysis, such generative models play a crucial role as the available data is limited due to challenges related to data privacy, lack of data diversity, or uneven data distributions. In this paper, we present a method to generate brain tumor MRI images using generative adversarial networks. We have utilized StyleGAN2 with ADA methodology to generate high-quality brain MRI with tumors while using a significantly smaller amount of training data when compared to the existing approaches. We use three pre-trained models for transfer learning. Results demonstrate that the proposed method can learn the distributions of brain tumors. Furthermore, the model can generate high-quality synthetic brain MRI with a tumor that can limit the small sample size issues. The approach can addresses the limited data availability by generating realistic-looking brain MRI with tumors. The code is available at: ~\url{https://github.com/rizwanqureshi123/Brain-Tumor-Synthetic-Data}.
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Training generative adversarial networks (GAN) using too little data typically leads to discriminator overfitting, causing training to diverge. We propose an adaptive discriminator augmentation mechanism that significantly stabilizes training in limited data regimes. The approach does not require changes to loss functions or network architectures, and is applicable both when training from scratch and when fine-tuning an existing GAN on another dataset. We demonstrate, on several datasets, that good results are now possible using only a few thousand training images, often matching StyleGAN2 results with an order of magnitude fewer images. We expect this to open up new application domains for GANs. We also find that the widely used CIFAR-10 is, in fact, a limited data benchmark, and improve the record FID from 5.59 to 2.42.
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We propose an efficient algorithm to embed a given image into the latent space of StyleGAN. This embedding enables semantic image editing operations that can be applied to existing photographs. Taking the StyleGAN trained on the FFHQ dataset as an example, we show results for image morphing, style transfer, and expression transfer. Studying the results of the embedding algorithm provides valuable insights into the structure of the StyleGAN latent space. We propose a set of experiments to test what class of images can be embedded, how they are embedded, what latent space is suitable for embedding, and if the embedding is semantically meaningful.
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使用单视图2D照片仅集合,无监督的高质量多视图 - 一致的图像和3D形状一直是一个长期存在的挑战。现有的3D GAN是计算密集型的,也是没有3D-一致的近似;前者限制了所生成的图像的质量和分辨率,并且后者对多视图一致性和形状质量产生不利影响。在这项工作中,我们提高了3D GAN的计算效率和图像质量,而无需依赖这些近似。为此目的,我们介绍了一种表现力的混合明确隐式网络架构,与其他设计选择一起,不仅可以实时合成高分辨率多视图一致图像,而且还产生高质量的3D几何形状。通过解耦特征生成和神经渲染,我们的框架能够利用最先进的2D CNN生成器,例如Stylega2,并继承它们的效率和表现力。在其他实验中,我们展示了与FFHQ和AFHQ猫的最先进的3D感知合成。
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