我们的工作是使用自然语言处理以自动化对物流至关重要的系统模型的开发的首次尝试。我们证明，基于变压器的语言模型的微型GPT-3 Codex的顶部建立的框架可以在给定口头描述的情况下对排队和库存控制系统进行功能有效的模拟。在进行的实验中，GPT-3 Codex在Python上表现出令人信服的专业知识，并了解了特定于域的词汇。结果，语言模型可以在给定特定于域的上下文，详细描述过程以及具有相应值的变量列表的情况下，生成单产品库存控制系统和单服务器排队系统的模拟。展示的结果以及语言模型的快速改进，为模拟模型开发背后的工作流程的重大简化打开了大门，这将使专家可以专注于对问题和整体思维的高级考虑。

大型语言模型，例如OpenAI的法典和DeepMind的字母，可以生成代码来解决以自然语言表达的各种问题。这项技术已经在至少一项广泛使用的编程编辑器扩展程序中进行了商业化：Github Copilot。在本文中，我们探讨了具有大型语言模型（LLM辅助编程）的编程与程序员协助的先前概念化相似，并且与众不同。我们借鉴了公开可用的经验报告，有关LLM辅助编程以及先前的可用性和设计研究。我们发现，尽管LLM辅助编程通过搜索和重用分享了一些编译，配对编程和编程的属性，但技术可能性和实践经验都存在根本差异。因此，应该将LLM辅助编程视为具有自己独特的属性和挑战的新方法。最后，我们借鉴了用户研究的观察结果，在该观察中，非专家最终用户程序员使用LLM辅助工具来求解电子表格中的数据任务。我们讨论可能出现的问题，并在将大型语言模型应用于最终用户编程时，尤其是对于几乎没有编程专业知识的用户。

自然语言处理（NLP）已成为当前人工智能繁荣中的主要应用领域之一。转移学习已经启用了大量深入学习的神经网络，接受了语言建模任务，以大大提高了所有语言任务的性能。有趣的是，当模型培训使用包含软件代码的数据培训时，它们在从自然语言规范中生成功能计算机代码时展示了显着的能力。我们认为这是一种难题，用于神经模型为生成词组结构语法提供了一种替代理论，以说明语言有效。由于编程语言的语法由短语结构语法决定，因此成功的神经模型显然是对编程语言的理论基础的理论基础，以及通过扩展，自然语言来实现。我们认为语言模型的术语模型是误导性的，因为深度学习模型不是语言的理论模型，并提出采用语料库模型，这更好地反映了模型的成因和内容。

本次调查绘制了用于分析社交媒体数据的生成方法的研究状态的广泛的全景照片（Sota）。它填补了空白，因为现有的调查文章在其范围内或被约会。我们包括两个重要方面，目前正在挖掘和建模社交媒体的重要性：动态和网络。社会动态对于了解影响影响或疾病的传播，友谊的形成，友谊的形成等，另一方面，可以捕获各种复杂关系，提供额外的洞察力和识别否则将不会被注意的重要模式。

We are currently unable to specify human goals and societal values in a way that reliably directs AI behavior. Law-making and legal interpretation form a computational engine that converts opaque human values into legible directives. "Law Informs Code" is the research agenda capturing complex computational legal processes, and embedding them in AI. Similar to how parties to a legal contract cannot foresee every potential contingency of their future relationship, and legislators cannot predict all the circumstances under which their proposed bills will be applied, we cannot ex ante specify rules that provably direct good AI behavior. Legal theory and practice have developed arrays of tools to address these specification problems. For instance, legal standards allow humans to develop shared understandings and adapt them to novel situations. In contrast to more prosaic uses of the law (e.g., as a deterrent of bad behavior through the threat of sanction), leveraged as an expression of how humans communicate their goals, and what society values, Law Informs Code. We describe how data generated by legal processes (methods of law-making, statutory interpretation, contract drafting, applications of legal standards, legal reasoning, etc.) can facilitate the robust specification of inherently vague human goals. This increases human-AI alignment and the local usefulness of AI. Toward society-AI alignment, we present a framework for understanding law as the applied philosophy of multi-agent alignment. Although law is partly a reflection of historically contingent political power - and thus not a perfect aggregation of citizen preferences - if properly parsed, its distillation offers the most legitimate computational comprehension of societal values available. If law eventually informs powerful AI, engaging in the deliberative political process to improve law takes on even more meaning.

This paper provides an introductory survey to GPT-3. We cover some of the historical development behind this technology, some of the key features of GPT-3, and discuss the machine learning model and the datasets used. We survey both academic and commercial efforts applying GPT-3 in diverse domains such as developing conversational AI chatbots, software development, creative work, domain knowledge, and business productivity. We discuss some of the challenges that GPT-3 faces such as the problems of training complexity, bias, and hallucination/incorrect answers. We also discuss the future research opportunities in this area.

Any organization needs to improve their products, services, and processes. In this context, engaging with customers and understanding their journey is essential. Organizations have leveraged various techniques and technologies to support customer engagement, from call centres to chatbots and virtual agents. Recently, these systems have used Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) to analyze large volumes of customer feedback and engagement data. The goal is to understand customers in context and provide meaningful answers across various channels. Despite multiple advances in Conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Recommender Systems (RS), it is still challenging to understand the intent behind customer questions during the customer journey. To address this challenge, in this paper, we study and analyze the recent work in Conversational Recommender Systems (CRS) in general and, more specifically, in chatbot-based CRS. We introduce a pipeline to contextualize the input utterances in conversations. We then take the next step towards leveraging reverse feature engineering to link the contextualized input and learning model to support intent recognition. Since performance evaluation is achieved based on different ML models, we use transformer base models to evaluate the proposed approach using a labelled dialogue dataset (MSDialogue) of question-answering interactions between information seekers and answer providers.

Generating novel and useful concepts is essential during the early design stage to explore a large variety of design opportunities, which usually requires advanced design thinking ability and a wide range of knowledge from designers. Growing works on computer-aided tools have explored the retrieval of knowledge and heuristics from design data. However, they only provide stimuli to inspire designers from limited aspects. This study explores the recent advance of the natural language generation (NLG) technique in the artificial intelligence (AI) field to automate the early-stage design concept generation. Specifically, a novel approach utilizing the generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) is proposed to leverage the knowledge and reasoning from textual data and transform them into new concepts in understandable language. Three concept generation tasks are defined to leverage different knowledge and reasoning: domain knowledge synthesis, problem-driven synthesis, and analogy-driven synthesis. The experiments with both human and data-driven evaluation show good performance in generating novel and useful concepts.

Controllable Text Generation (CTG) is emerging area in the field of natural language generation (NLG). It is regarded as crucial for the development of advanced text generation technologies that are more natural and better meet the specific constraints in practical applications. In recent years, methods using large-scale pre-trained language models (PLMs), in particular the widely used transformer-based PLMs, have become a new paradigm of NLG, allowing generation of more diverse and fluent text. However, due to the lower level of interpretability of deep neural networks, the controllability of these methods need to be guaranteed. To this end, controllable text generation using transformer-based PLMs has become a rapidly growing yet challenging new research hotspot. A diverse range of approaches have emerged in the recent 3-4 years, targeting different CTG tasks which may require different types of controlled constraints. In this paper, we present a systematic critical review on the common tasks, main approaches and evaluation methods in this area. Finally, we discuss the challenges that the field is facing, and put forward various promising future directions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey paper to summarize CTG techniques from the perspective of PLMs. We hope it can help researchers in related fields to quickly track the academic frontier, providing them with a landscape of the area and a roadmap for future research.

As the complexity of modern software continues to escalate, software engineering has become an increasingly daunting and error-prone endeavor. In recent years, the field of Neural Code Intelligence (NCI) has emerged as a promising solution, leveraging the power of deep learning techniques to tackle analytical tasks on source code with the goal of improving programming efficiency and minimizing human errors within the software industry. Pretrained language models have become a dominant force in NCI research, consistently delivering state-of-the-art results across a wide range of tasks, including code summarization, generation, and translation. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of the NCI domain, including a thorough review of pretraining techniques, tasks, datasets, and model architectures. We hope this paper will serve as a bridge between the natural language and programming language communities, offering insights for future research in this rapidly evolving field.

Mathematical reasoning is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence and is applicable in various fields, including science, engineering, finance, and everyday life. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems capable of solving math problems and proving theorems has garnered significant interest in the fields of machine learning and natural language processing. For example, mathematics serves as a testbed for aspects of reasoning that are challenging for powerful deep learning models, driving new algorithmic and modeling advances. On the other hand, recent advances in large-scale neural language models have opened up new benchmarks and opportunities to use deep learning for mathematical reasoning. In this survey paper, we review the key tasks, datasets, and methods at the intersection of mathematical reasoning and deep learning over the past decade. We also evaluate existing benchmarks and methods, and discuss future research directions in this domain.

自然语言处理（NLP）是一个人工智能领域，它应用信息技术来处理人类语言，在一定程度上理解并在各种应用中使用它。在过去的几年中，该领域已经迅速发展，现在采用了深层神经网络的现代变体来从大型文本语料库中提取相关模式。这项工作的主要目的是调查NLP在药理学领域的最新使用。正如我们的工作所表明的那样，NLP是药理学高度相关的信息提取和处理方法。它已被广泛使用，从智能搜索到成千上万的医疗文件到在社交媒体中找到对抗性药物相互作用的痕迹。我们将覆盖范围分为五个类别，以调查现代NLP方法论，常见的任务，相关的文本数据，知识库和有用的编程库。我们将这五个类别分为适当的子类别，描述其主要属性和想法，并以表格形式进行总结。最终的调查介绍了该领域的全面概述，对从业者和感兴趣的观察者有用。

GPT-3显示了培训的大规模语言模型（LMS）的卓越情调学习能力，培训数十亿规模数据。在这里，我们解决了GPT-3纸张报告的一些剩余问题，例如非英语LM，不同大小模型的性能，以及最近引入的迅速优化对上下文学习的效果。为实现这一目标，我们介绍了HyperClova，一个韩国VPT-3的韩国变体训练在一个以韩国为中心的560b标准的令牌。通过我们的韩国特定标记化，HyperClova与我们的培训配置增强，显示了韩国各种下游任务的最先进的上下游零射击和几秒钟学习表演。此外，我们展示了基于及时的学习的性能优势，并演示如何集成到迅速的工程管道中。然后，我们讨论了通过引入Hyperclova Studio，互动提示工程界面向ML的非专家提供AI原型设计能力来实现No Code AI范例的可能性。最后，我们展示了我们具有三个成功的内部应用程序的方法的潜力。

Drawing from the resources of psychoanalysis and critical media studies, in this paper we develop an analysis of Large Language Models (LLMs) as automated subjects. We argue the intentional fictional projection of subjectivity onto LLMs can yield an alternate frame through which AI behaviour, including its productions of bias and harm, can be analysed. First, we introduce language models, discuss their significance and risks, and outline our case for interpreting model design and outputs with support from psychoanalytic concepts. We trace a brief history of language models, culminating with the releases, in 2022, of systems that realise state-of-the-art natural language processing performance. We engage with one such system, OpenAI's InstructGPT, as a case study, detailing the layers of its construction and conducting exploratory and semi-structured interviews with chatbots. These interviews probe the model's moral imperatives to be helpful, truthful and harmless by design. The model acts, we argue, as the condensation of often competing social desires, articulated through the internet and harvested into training data, which must then be regulated and repressed. This foundational structure can however be redirected via prompting, so that the model comes to identify with, and transfer, its commitments to the immediate human subject before it. In turn, these automated productions of language can lead to the human subject projecting agency upon the model, effecting occasionally further forms of countertransference. We conclude that critical media methods and psychoanalytic theory together offer a productive frame for grasping the powerful new capacities of AI-driven language systems.

主张神经符号人工智能（NESY）断言，将深度学习与象征性推理相结合将导致AI更强大，而不是本身。像深度学习一样成功，人们普遍认为，即使我们最好的深度学习系统也不是很擅长抽象推理。而且，由于推理与语言密不可分，因此具有直觉的意义，即自然语言处理（NLP）将成为NESY特别适合的候选人。我们对实施NLP实施NESY的研究进行了结构化审查，目的是回答Nesy是否确实符合其承诺的问题：推理，分布概括，解释性，学习和从小数据的可转让性以及新的推理到新的域。我们研究了知识表示的影响，例如规则和语义网络，语言结构和关系结构，以及隐式或明确的推理是否有助于更高的承诺分数。我们发现，将逻辑编译到神经网络中的系统会导致满足最NESY的目标，而其他因素（例如知识表示或神经体系结构的类型）与实现目标没有明显的相关性。我们发现在推理的定义方式上，特别是与人类级别的推理有关的许多差异，这会影响有关模型架构的决策并推动结论，这些结论在整个研究中并不总是一致的。因此，我们倡导采取更加有条不紊的方法来应用人类推理的理论以及适当的基准的发展，我们希望这可以更好地理解该领域的进步。我们在GitHub上提供数据和代码以进行进一步分析。

我们提出了Pangu-Coder，这是一种仅预读的解码器语言模型，该模型采用pangu-alpha架构进行文本到代码生成，即给定自然语言问题描述的编程语言解决方案的合成。我们使用两阶段策略训练Pangu-Coder：第一阶段采用因果语言建模（CLM）来预先培训原始编程语言数据，而第二阶段则使用因果语言建模和掩盖语言建模（MLM）的组合培训目标，专注于文本到代码生成的下游任务，并培训松散的自然语言程序定义和代码功能。最后，我们讨论了pangu-coder-ft，该pander the是通过竞争性编程问题和代码与持续集成测试的结合进行了微调的。我们评估了pangu-coder，重点是它是否生成功能上正确的程序，并证明它在参加较小的上下文窗口和较少的数据培训的同时，它比诸如Codex之类的类似大小的模型（例如Codex）实现等效性或更好的性能。

Given a natural language that describes the user's demands, the NL2Code task aims to generate code that addresses the demands. This is a critical but challenging task that mirrors the capabilities of AI-powered programming. The NL2Code task is inherently versatile, diverse and complex. For example, a demand can be described in different languages, in different formats, and at different levels of granularity. This inspired us to do this survey for NL2Code. In this survey, we focus on how does neural network (NN) solves NL2Code. We first propose a comprehensive framework, which is able to cover all studies in this field. Then, we in-depth parse the existing studies into this framework. We create an online website to record the parsing results, which tracks existing and recent NL2Code progress. In addition, we summarize the current challenges of NL2Code as well as its future directions. We hope that this survey can foster the evolution of this field.

现在，可以使用最先进的神经语言模型通过零射门提示来解决临时语言任务，而无需进行监督培训。近年来，这种方法已广受欢迎，研究人员证明了提示在特定的NLP任务上实现强烈准确的提示。但是，找到新任务的提示需要实验。具有不同措辞选择的不同提示模板会导致明显的准确性差异。提示允许用户尝试及时变化，可视化及时性能，并迭代优化提示。我们开发了一个工作流程，该工作流程允许用户首先使用少量数据专注于模型反馈，然后再进入大型数据制度，该数据制度允许使用任务的定量度量来实现有希望的提示的经验基础。然后，该工具可以轻松部署新创建的临时模型。我们使用多种现实世界用例演示了Fackide（http://prompt.vizhub.ai）和我们的工作流程的实用性。

使用计算笔记本（例如，Jupyter Notebook），数据科学家根据他们的先前经验和外部知识（如在线示例）合理化他们的探索性数据分析（EDA）。对于缺乏关于数据集或问题的具体了解的新手或数据科学家，有效地获得和理解外部信息对于执行EDA至关重要。本文介绍了eDassistant，一个jupyterlab扩展，支持EDA的原位搜索示例笔记本电脑和有用的API的推荐，由搜索结果的新颖交互式可视化供电。代码搜索和推荐是由最先进的机器学习模型启用的，培训在线收集的EDA笔记本电脑的大型语料库。进行用户学习，以调查埃迪卡斯特和数据科学家的当前实践（即，使用外部搜索引擎）。结果证明了埃迪斯坦特的有效性和有用性，与会者赞赏其对EDA的顺利和环境支持。我们还报告了有关代码推荐工具的几种设计意义。

通过整合人类的知识和经验，人在循环旨在以最低成本培训准确的预测模型。人类可以为机器学习应用提供培训数据，并直接完成在基于机器的方法中对管道中计算机中的难以实现的任务。在本文中，我们从数据的角度调查了人类循环的现有工作，并将它们分为三类具有渐进关系：（1）从数据处理中提高模型性能的工作，（2）通过介入模型培训提高模型性能，（3）系统的设计独立于循环的设计。使用上述分类，我们总结了该领域的主要方法;随着他们的技术优势/弱点以及自然语言处理，计算机愿景等的简单分类和讨论。此外，我们提供了一些开放的挑战和机遇。本调查打算为人类循环提供高级别的摘要，并激励有兴趣的读者，以考虑设计有效的循环解决方案的方法。