连续的一到一对映射是在低级视觉和神经图像翻译中较少研究但重要的任务。在本文中,我们提出了一种称为MonoPix的新配方,这是一个无监督和对比的连续调制模型,并进一步迈出了一个像素级的空间控制,这是至关重要的,但以前无法正确处理。这项工作的关键特征是建模具有新颖的对比度调制框架和相应的单调性约束之间控制信号与域歧视器之间的单调性。我们还引入了具有对数近似复杂性并支持快速域适应的选择性推理策略。在各种连续的映射任务上,包括AFHQ Cat-Dog和Yosemite夏季冬季翻译,对最先进的性能进行了验证。引入的方法还有助于为许多低级任务(如低光增强和自然噪声产生)提供新的解决方案,这超出了一对一训练和推理的长期实践。代码可从https://github.com/lukun199/monopix获得。
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Automatic font generation without human experts is a practical and significant problem, especially for some languages that consist of a large number of characters. Existing methods for font generation are often in supervised learning. They require a large number of paired data, which are labor-intensive and expensive to collect. In contrast, common unsupervised image-to-image translation methods are not applicable to font generation, as they often define style as the set of textures and colors. In this work, we propose a robust deformable generative network for unsupervised font generation (abbreviated as DGFont++). We introduce a feature deformation skip connection (FDSC) to learn local patterns and geometric transformations between fonts. The FDSC predicts pairs of displacement maps and employs the predicted maps to apply deformable convolution to the low-level content feature maps. The outputs of FDSC are fed into a mixer to generate final results. Moreover, we introduce contrastive self-supervised learning to learn a robust style representation for fonts by understanding the similarity and dissimilarities of fonts. To distinguish different styles, we train our model with a multi-task discriminator, which ensures that each style can be discriminated independently. In addition to adversarial loss, another two reconstruction losses are adopted to constrain the domain-invariant characteristics between generated images and content images. Taking advantage of FDSC and the adopted loss functions, our model is able to maintain spatial information and generates high-quality character images in an unsupervised manner. Experiments demonstrate that our model is able to generate character images of higher quality than state-of-the-art methods.
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尽管具有生成对抗网络(GAN)的图像到图像(I2I)翻译的显着进步,但使用单对生成器和歧视器将图像有效地转换为多个目标域中的一组不同图像仍然具有挑战性。现有的I2i翻译方法采用多个针对不同域的特定于域的内容编码,其中每个特定于域的内容编码器仅经过来自同一域的图像的训练。然而,我们认为应从所有域之间的图像中学到内容(域变相)特征。因此,现有方案的每个特定于域的内容编码器都无法有效提取域不变特征。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一个灵活而通用的Sologan模型,用于在多个域之间具有未配对数据的多模式I2I翻译。与现有方法相反,Solgan算法使用具有附加辅助分类器的单个投影鉴别器,并为所有域共享编码器和生成器。因此,可以使用来自所有域的图像有效地训练Solgan,从而可以有效提取域 - 不变性内容表示。在多个数据集中,针对多个同行和sologan的变体的定性和定量结果证明了该方法的优点,尤其是对于挑战i2i翻译数据集的挑战,即涉及极端形状变化的数据集或在翻译后保持复杂的背景,需要保持复杂的背景。此外,我们通过消融研究证明了Sogan中每个成分的贡献。
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Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) typically suffer from overfitting when limited training data is available. To facilitate GAN training, current methods propose to use data-specific augmentation techniques. Despite the effectiveness, it is difficult for these methods to scale to practical applications. In this work, we present ScoreMix, a novel and scalable data augmentation approach for various image synthesis tasks. We first produce augmented samples using the convex combinations of the real samples. Then, we optimize the augmented samples by minimizing the norms of the data scores, i.e., the gradients of the log-density functions. This procedure enforces the augmented samples close to the data manifold. To estimate the scores, we train a deep estimation network with multi-scale score matching. For different image synthesis tasks, we train the score estimation network using different data. We do not require the tuning of the hyperparameters or modifications to the network architecture. The ScoreMix method effectively increases the diversity of data and reduces the overfitting problem. Moreover, it can be easily incorporated into existing GAN models with minor modifications. Experimental results on numerous tasks demonstrate that GAN models equipped with the ScoreMix method achieve significant improvements.
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通过对抗训练的雾霾图像转换的关键程序在于仅涉及雾度合成的特征,即表示不变语义内容的特征,即内容特征。以前的方法通过利用它在培训过程中对Haze图像进行分类来分开单独的内容。然而,在本文中,我们认识到在这种技术常规中的内容式解剖学的不完整性。缺陷的样式功能与内容信息纠缠不可避免地引导阴霾图像的呈现。要解决,我们通过随机线性插值提出自我监督的风格回归,以减少风格特征中的内容信息。烧蚀实验表明了静态感知雾度图像合成中的解开的完整性及其优越性。此外,所产生的雾度数据应用于车辆检测器的测试概括。雾度和检测性能之间的进一步研究表明,雾度对车辆探测器的概括具有明显的影响,并且这种性能降低水平与雾度水平线性相关,反过来验证了该方法的有效性。
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In image-to-image translation, each patch in the output should reflect the content of the corresponding patch in the input, independent of domain. We propose a straightforward method for doing so -maximizing mutual information between the two, using a framework based on contrastive learning. The method encourages two elements (corresponding patches) to map to a similar point in a learned feature space, relative to other elements (other patches) in the dataset, referred to as negatives. We explore several critical design choices for making contrastive learning effective in the image synthesis setting. Notably, we use a multilayer, patch-based approach, rather than operate on entire images. Furthermore, we draw negatives from within the input image itself, rather than from the rest of the dataset. We demonstrate that our framework enables one-sided translation in the unpaired image-to-image translation setting, while improving quality and reducing training time. In addition, our method can even be extended to the training setting where each "domain" is only a single image.
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In this work, we are dedicated to text-guided image generation and propose a novel framework, i.e., CLIP2GAN, by leveraging CLIP model and StyleGAN. The key idea of our CLIP2GAN is to bridge the output feature embedding space of CLIP and the input latent space of StyleGAN, which is realized by introducing a mapping network. In the training stage, we encode an image with CLIP and map the output feature to a latent code, which is further used to reconstruct the image. In this way, the mapping network is optimized in a self-supervised learning way. In the inference stage, since CLIP can embed both image and text into a shared feature embedding space, we replace CLIP image encoder in the training architecture with CLIP text encoder, while keeping the following mapping network as well as StyleGAN model. As a result, we can flexibly input a text description to generate an image. Moreover, by simply adding mapped text features of an attribute to a mapped CLIP image feature, we can effectively edit the attribute to the image. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed CLIP2GAN compared to previous methods.
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Video enhancement is a challenging problem, more than that of stills, mainly due to high computational cost, larger data volumes and the difficulty of achieving consistency in the spatio-temporal domain. In practice, these challenges are often coupled with the lack of example pairs, which inhibits the application of supervised learning strategies. To address these challenges, we propose an efficient adversarial video enhancement framework that learns directly from unpaired video examples. In particular, our framework introduces new recurrent cells that consist of interleaved local and global modules for implicit integration of spatial and temporal information. The proposed design allows our recurrent cells to efficiently propagate spatio-temporal information across frames and reduces the need for high complexity networks. Our setting enables learning from unpaired videos in a cyclic adversarial manner, where the proposed recurrent units are employed in all architectures. Efficient training is accomplished by introducing one single discriminator that learns the joint distribution of source and target domain simultaneously. The enhancement results demonstrate clear superiority of the proposed video enhancer over the state-of-the-art methods, in all terms of visual quality, quantitative metrics, and inference speed. Notably, our video enhancer is capable of enhancing over 35 frames per second of FullHD video (1080x1920).
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由于其语义上的理解和用户友好的可控性,通过三维引导,通过三维引导的面部图像操纵已广泛应用于各种交互式场景。然而,现有的基于3D形式模型的操作方法不可直接适用于域名面,例如非黑色素化绘画,卡通肖像,甚至是动物,主要是由于构建每个模型的强大困难具体面部域。为了克服这一挑战,据我们所知,我们建议使用人为3DMM操纵任意域名的第一种方法。这是通过两个主要步骤实现的:1)从3DMM参数解开映射到潜在的STYLEGO2的潜在空间嵌入,可确保每个语义属性的解除响应和精确的控制; 2)通过实施一致的潜空间嵌入,桥接域差异并使人类3DMM适用于域外面的人类3DMM。实验和比较展示了我们高质量的语义操作方法在各种面部域中的优越性,所有主要3D面部属性可控姿势,表达,形状,反照镜和照明。此外,我们开发了直观的编辑界面,以支持用户友好的控制和即时反馈。我们的项目页面是https://cassiepython.github.io/cddfm3d/index.html
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当前的图像到图像翻译方法通过条件生成模型来制定任务,从而仅学习重塑或区域变化,因为条件上下文提供的丰富结构信息受到了约束。在这项工作中,我们建议将矢量量化技术引入图像到图像翻译框架。矢量量化的内容表示不仅可以促进翻译,还可以促进不同域之间共享的无条件分布。同时,加上散布的样式表示,提出的方法进一步使图像扩展能力具有灵活性,并在内域内和域间具有灵活性。定性和定量实验表明,我们的框架与最先进的图像到图像到图像翻译和图像扩展方法的性能可比。与单个任务的方法相比,所提出的方法是统一的框架,释放了组合图像到图像翻译,无条件生成和图像扩展的应用程序。例如,它为图像生成和扩展提供了样式的可变性,并为图像到图像翻译提供了进一步的扩展功能。
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最近,大型预磨损模型(例如,BERT,STYLEGAN,CLIP)在其域内的各种下游任务中表现出很好的知识转移和泛化能力。在这些努力的启发中,在本文中,我们提出了一个统一模型,用于开放域图像编辑,重点是开放式域图像的颜色和音调调整,同时保持原始内容和结构。我们的模型了解许多现有照片编辑软件中使用的操作空间(例如,对比度,亮度,颜色曲线)更具语义,直观,易于操作的统一编辑空间。我们的模型属于图像到图像转换框架,由图像编码器和解码器组成,并且在图像之前和图像的成对上培训以产生多模式输出。我们认为,通过将图像对反馈到学习编辑空间的潜在代码中,我们的模型可以利用各种下游编辑任务,例如语言引导图像编辑,个性化编辑,编辑式聚类,检索等。我们广泛地研究实验中编辑空间的独特属性,并在上述任务上展示了卓越的性能。
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Our goal with this survey is to provide an overview of the state of the art deep learning technologies for face generation and editing. We will cover popular latest architectures and discuss key ideas that make them work, such as inversion, latent representation, loss functions, training procedures, editing methods, and cross domain style transfer. We particularly focus on GAN-based architectures that have culminated in the StyleGAN approaches, which allow generation of high-quality face images and offer rich interfaces for controllable semantics editing and preserving photo quality. We aim to provide an entry point into the field for readers that have basic knowledge about the field of deep learning and are looking for an accessible introduction and overview.
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在低灯条件下捕获的图像遭受低可视性和各种成像伪影,例如真实噪音。现有的监督启示算法需要大量的像素对齐的训练图像对,这很难在实践中准备。虽然弱监督或无人监督的方法可以缓解这些挑战,但不使用配对的训练图像,由于缺乏相应的监督,一些现实世界的文物不可避免地被错误地放大。在本文中,而不是使用完美的对齐图像进行培训,我们创造性地使用未对准的现实世界图像作为指导,这很容易收集。具体地,我们提出了一个交叉图像解剖线程(CIDN),以分别提取来自低/常光图像的交叉图像亮度和图像特定内容特征。基于此,CIDN可以同时校正特征域中的亮度和抑制图像伪像,其在很大程度上将鲁棒性增加到像素偏移。此外,我们收集了一个新的低光图像增强数据集,包括具有现实世界腐败的未对准培训图像。实验结果表明,我们的模型在新建议的数据集和其他流行的低光数据集中实现了最先进的表演。
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语义分割在广泛的计算机视觉应用中起着基本作用,提供了全球对图像​​的理解的关键信息。然而,最先进的模型依赖于大量的注释样本,其比在诸如图像分类的任务中获得更昂贵的昂贵的样本。由于未标记的数据替代地获得更便宜,因此无监督的域适应达到了语义分割社区的广泛成功并不令人惊讶。本调查致力于总结这一令人难以置信的快速增长的领域的五年,这包含了语义细分本身的重要性,以及将分段模型适应新环境的关键需求。我们提出了最重要的语义分割方法;我们对语义分割的域适应技术提供了全面的调查;我们揭示了多域学习,域泛化,测试时间适应或无源域适应等较新的趋势;我们通过描述在语义细分研究中最广泛使用的数据集和基准测试来结束本调查。我们希望本调查将在学术界和工业中提供具有全面参考指导的研究人员,并有助于他们培养现场的新研究方向。
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语义图像编辑利用本地语义标签图来生成所需的内容。最近的工作借用了Spade Block来实现语义图像编辑。但是,由于编辑区域和周围像素之间的样式差异,它无法产生令人愉悦的结果。我们将其归因于以下事实:Spade仅使用与图像无关的局部语义布局,但忽略了已知像素中包含的图像特定样式。为了解决此问题,我们提出了一个样式保存的调制(SPM),其中包括两个调制过程:第一个调制包含上下文样式和语义布局,然后生成两个融合的调制参数。第二次调制采用融合参数来调制特征图。通过使用这两种调制,SPM可以在保留特定图像的上下文样式的同时注入给定的语义布局。此外,我们设计了一种渐进式体系结构,以粗到精细的方式生成编辑的内容。提出的方法可以获得上下文一致的结果,并显着减轻生成区域和已知像素之间的不愉快边界。
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虽然现代形象翻译技术可以创造光电态合成图像,但它们具有有限的风格可控性,因此可能遭受翻译误差。在这项工作中,我们表明激活功能是控制图像合成方向的重要组件之一。具体地,我们明确证明整流器的斜率参数可以改变数据分布并独立使用以控制翻译方向。为了提高风格可控性,提出了两种简单但有效的技术,包括自适应Relu(Adarelu)和结构自适应功能。 Adarelu可以根据目标风格动态调整斜率参数,并且可以用于通过与自适应实例归一化(Adain)组合来提高可控性。同时,结构适应性功能使整流器能够更有效地操纵特征图的结构。它由所提出的结构卷积(Struconv)组成,一种有效的卷积模块,可以根据AADAIN指定的平均值和方差选择要激活的区域。广泛的实验表明,所提出的技术可以大大提高基于风格的图像转换任务的网络可控性和输出分集。
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我们提出了Vecgan,这是一个图像到图像翻译框架,用于带有可解释潜在方向的面部属性编辑。面部属性编辑任务面临着精确属性编辑的挑战,具有可控的强度和图像的其他属性的保存。对于此目标,我们通过潜在空间分解设计属性编辑,对于每个属性,我们学习了与其他属性正交的线性方向。另一个组件是变化的可控强度,标量值。在我们的框架中,可以通过投影从参考图像中对此标量进行采样或编码。我们的工作灵感来自固定预验证的gan的潜在空间分解作品。但是,尽管这些模型无法进行端到端训练,并难以精确编辑编码的图像,但Vecgan受到了端到端的培训,用于图像翻译任务,并成功地编辑了属性,同时保留了其他属性。我们的广泛实验表明,vecgan对本地和全球编辑的最先进进行了重大改进。
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我们介绍了GANFormer2模型,这是一个迭代对象的变压器,探讨了生成建模的任务。该网络包含强大明显的结构前导者,以反映视觉场景的组成性质,并通过连续过程合成图像。它以两个阶段运行:快速轻薄的规划阶段,在其中我们起草高级场景布局,然后采用基于关注的执行阶段,其中布局正在改进,进化为丰富和详细的图片。我们的模型远离传统的黑盒GAN架构,该架构具有平坦和单片潜在的空间,朝向透明设计,鼓励效率,可控性和可解释性。我们通过仔细评估在一系列数据集中仔细评估来展示Ganformer2的优势和素质,从多对象CLEVR场景到挑战的Coco图像,显示它在视觉质量,多样性和一致性方面成功实现了最先进的性能。进一步的实验表明了模型的解剖学,并提供了更深入的洞察力进入其生成过程,因为它从粗略的初始草图逐步进行,详细的布局,用于考虑对象的深度和依赖项,最终达到最终的布局决心描绘充满活力和复杂的现实世界场景。有关模型实现,请参阅https://github.com/dorarad/gansformer。
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