Sentiment analysis on social media such as Twitter provides organizations and individuals an effective way to monitor public emotions towards them and their competitors. As a result, sentiment analysis has become an important and challenging task. In this work, we have collected seven publicly available and manually annotated twitter sentiment datasets. We create a new training and testing dataset from the collected datasets. We develop an LSTM model to classify sentiment of a tweet and evaluate the model with the new dataset.

There is a vast amount of data generated every second due to the rapidly growing technology in the current world. This area of research attempts to determine the feelings or opinions of people on social media posts. The dataset we used was a multi-source dataset from the comment section of various social networking sites like Twitter, Reddit, etc. Natural Language Processing Techniques were employed to perform sentiment analysis on the obtained dataset. In this paper, we provide a comparative analysis using techniques of lexicon-based, machine learning and deep learning approaches. The Machine Learning algorithm used in this work is Naive Bayes, the Lexicon-based approach used in this work is TextBlob, and the deep-learning algorithm used in this work is LSTM.

人们最近开始通过社交网站上用户生成的多媒体材料来传达自己的思想和观点。此信息可以是图像，文本，视频或音频。近年来，这种模式的发生频率有所增加。 Twitter是最广泛使用的社交媒体网站之一，它也是最好的地点之一，可以使人们对与蒙基波疾病有关的事件有一种了解。这是因为Twitter上的推文被缩短并经常更新，这两者都促成了平台的角色。这项研究的基本目标是对人们对这种情况的存在的各种反应进行更深入的理解。这项研究重点是找出个人对猴蛋白酶疾病的看法，该疾病介绍了基于CNN和LSTM的混合技术。我们已经考虑了用户推文的所有三个可能的极性：正，负和中立。使用CNN和LSTM构建的架构来确定预测模型的准确性。推荐模型的准确性在Monkeypox Tweet数据集上为94％。其他性能指标（例如准确性，召回和F1得分）也用于测试我们的模型和最大程度和资源有效的方式。然后将发现与更传统的机器学习方法进行比较。这项研究的发现有助于提高对普通人群中蒙基托感染的认识。

在当今的世界中，每个人都以某种方式表现出来，而该项目的重点是人们使用Twitter的数据（一个微博平台）的数据，人们对英国和印度的电价上涨的看法，人们在该平台上发布了消息，人们发布了消息，称为Tweets。因为许多人的收入不好，他们必须缴纳如此多的税款和账单，因此如今，维持房屋已成为有争议的问题。尽管政府提供了补贴计划来补偿人们的电费，但不受人们的欢迎。在这个项目中，目的是对Twitter上表达的人们的表达和观点进行情感分析。为了掌握电价的意见，有必要对能源市场的政府和消费者进行情感分析。此外，这些媒体上存在的文本本质上是非结构化的，因此要处理它们，我们首先需要预处理数据。有很多功能提取技术，例如单词袋，tf-idf（术语频率为单位的文档频率），单词嵌入，基于NLP的功能，例如Word Count。在该项目中，我们分析了特征TF-IDF单词级别对情感分析数据集的影响。我们发现，通过使用TF-IDF单词级别的性能分析的表现比使用N-Gram功能高3-4。使用四种分类算法进行分析，包括幼稚的贝叶斯，决策树，随机森林和逻辑回归，并考虑F评分，准确性，精度和召回性能参数。

Labelling a large quantity of social media data for the task of supervised machine learning is not only time-consuming but also difficult and expensive. On the other hand, the accuracy of supervised machine learning models is strongly related to the quality of the labelled data on which they train, and automatic sentiment labelling techniques could reduce the time and cost of human labelling. We have compared three automatic sentiment labelling techniques: TextBlob, Vader, and Afinn to assign sentiments to tweets without any human assistance. We compare three scenarios: one uses training and testing datasets with existing ground truth labels; the second experiment uses automatic labels as training and testing datasets; and the third experiment uses three automatic labelling techniques to label the training dataset and uses the ground truth labels for testing. The experiments were evaluated on two Twitter datasets: SemEval-2013 (DS-1) and SemEval-2016 (DS-2). Results show that the Afinn labelling technique obtains the highest accuracy of 80.17% (DS-1) and 80.05% (DS-2) using a BiLSTM deep learning model. These findings imply that automatic text labelling could provide significant benefits, and suggest a feasible alternative to the time and cost of human labelling efforts.

社交媒体在现代社会中尤其是在西方世界中的政策制定方面已经变得极其影响力（例如，48％的欧洲人每天或几乎每天都使用社交媒体）。 Twitter之类的平台使用户可以关注政客，从而使公民更多地参与政治讨论。同样，政客们使用Twitter来表达他们的观点，在当前主题上进行辩论，并促进其政治议程，以影响选民行为。先前的研究表明，传达负面情绪的推文可能会更频繁地转发。在本文中，我们试图分析来自不同国家的政客的推文，并探索他们的推文是否遵循相同的趋势。利用最先进的预训练的语言模型，我们对从希腊，西班牙和英国的成千上万的推文进行了情感分析，包括权威的行政部门。我们通过系统地探索和分析有影响力和不流行的推文之间的差异来实现这一目标。我们的分析表明，政治家的负面推文更广泛地传播，尤其是在最近的时代，并突出了情感和受欢迎程度相交的有趣趋势。

社交媒体使用量增加到今天的数字世界中的历史新高。大多数人口使用社交媒体工具（如Twitter，Facebook，YouTube等）与社区分享他们的思想和经验。分析共同公众的情绪和意见对政府和商界人士来说非常重要。这是在大选时间进行各种民意调查中的大量媒体机构激活的原因。在本文中，我们曾在2019年Lok Sabha选举期间分析了印度人民的情绪，使用该持续时间的推特数据。我们建立了一个自动推文分析仪，使用传输学习技术来处理这个问题的无监督性质。我们在我们的机器学习模型中使用了线性支持向量分类方法，此外，术语频率逆文档频率（TF-IDF）方法用于处理推文的文本数据。此外，我们提高了模型的能力，以解决一些用户发布的讽刺推文，其中一些用户尚未被该领域的研究人员考虑。

预期观众对某些文本的反应是社会的几个方面不可或缺的，包括政治，研究和商业行业。情感分析（SA）是一种有用的自然语言处理（NLP）技术，它利用词汇/统计和深度学习方法来确定不同尺寸的文本是否表现出正面，负面或中立的情绪。但是，目前缺乏工具来分析独立文本的组并从整体中提取主要情感。因此，当前的论文提出了一种新型算法，称为多层推文分析仪（MLTA），该算法使用多层网络（MLN）以图形方式对社交媒体文本进行了图形方式，以便更好地编码跨越独立的推文集的关系。与其他表示方法相比，图结构能够捕获复杂生态系统中有意义的关系。最先进的图形神经网络（GNN）用于从Tweet-MLN中提取信息，并根据提取的图形特征进行预测。结果表明，与标准的正面，负或中性相比，MLTA不仅可以从更大的可能情绪中预测，从而提供了更准确的情感，还允许对Twitter数据进行准确的组级预测。

Climate change has become one of the biggest challenges of our time. Social media platforms such as Twitter play an important role in raising public awareness and spreading knowledge about the dangers of the current climate crisis. With the increasing number of campaigns and communication about climate change through social media, the information could create more awareness and reach the general public and policy makers. However, these Twitter communications lead to polarization of beliefs, opinion-dominated ideologies, and often a split into two communities of climate change deniers and believers. In this paper, we propose a framework that helps identify denier statements on Twitter and thus classifies the stance of the tweet into one of the two attitudes towards climate change (denier/believer). The sentimental aspects of Twitter data on climate change are deeply rooted in general public attitudes toward climate change. Therefore, our work focuses on learning two closely related tasks: Stance Detection and Sentiment Analysis of climate change tweets. We propose a multi-task framework that performs stance detection (primary task) and sentiment analysis (auxiliary task) simultaneously. The proposed model incorporates the feature-specific and shared-specific attention frameworks to fuse multiple features and learn the generalized features for both tasks. The experimental results show that the proposed framework increases the performance of the primary task, i.e., stance detection by benefiting from the auxiliary task, i.e., sentiment analysis compared to its uni-modal and single-task variants.

T\"urkiye is located on a fault line; earthquakes often occur on a large and small scale. There is a need for effective solutions for gathering current information during disasters. We can use social media to get insight into public opinion. This insight can be used in public relations and disaster management. In this study, Twitter posts on Izmir Earthquake that took place on October 2020 are analyzed. We question if this analysis can be used to make social inferences on time. Data mining and natural language processing (NLP) methods are used for this analysis. NLP is used for sentiment analysis and topic modelling. The latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm is used for topic modelling. We used the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model working with Transformers architecture for sentiment analysis. It is shown that the users shared their goodwill wishes and aimed to contribute to the initiated aid activities after the earthquake. The users desired to make their voices heard by competent institutions and organizations. The proposed methods work effectively. Future studies are also discussed.

在本文中，我们介绍了TweetNLP，这是社交媒体中自然语言处理（NLP）的集成平台。TweetNLP支持一套多样化的NLP任务，包括诸如情感分析和命名实体识别的通用重点领域，以及社交媒体特定的任务，例如表情符号预测和进攻性语言识别。特定于任务的系统由专门用于社交媒体文本的合理大小的基于变压器的语言模型（尤其是Twitter）提供动力，无需专用硬件或云服务即可运行。TweetNLP的主要贡献是：（1）使用适合社会领域的各种特定于任务的模型，用于支持社交媒体分析的现代工具包的集成python库；（2）使用我们的模型进行无编码实验的交互式在线演示；（3）涵盖各种典型社交媒体应用的教程。

信息通过社交媒体平台的传播可以创造可能对弱势社区的环境和社会中某些群体的沉默。为了减轻此类情况，已经开发了几种模型来检测仇恨和冒犯性言论。由于在社交媒体平台中检测仇恨和冒犯性演讲可能会错误地将个人排除在社交媒体平台之外，从而减少信任，因此有必要创建可解释和可解释的模型。因此，我们基于在Twitter数据上培训的XGBOOST算法建立了一个可解释且可解释的高性能模型。对于不平衡的Twitter数据，XGBoost在仇恨言语检测上的表现优于LSTM，Autogluon和ULMFIT模型，F1得分为0.75，而0.38和0.37分别为0.37和0.38。当我们将数据放到三个单独的类别的大约5000个推文中时，XGBoost的性能优于LSTM，Autogluon和Ulmfit；仇恨言语检测的F1分别为0.79和0.69、0.77和0.66。 XGBOOST在下采样版本中的进攻性语音检测中的F1得分分别为0.83和0.88、0.82和0.79，XGBOOST的表现也比LSTM，Autogluon和Ulmfit更好。我们在XGBoost模型的输出上使用Shapley添加说明（SHAP），以使其与Black-Box模型相比，与LSTM，Autogluon和Ulmfit相比，它可以解释和解释。

Following the outbreak of a global pandemic, online content is filled with hate speech. Donald Trump's ''Chinese Virus'' tweet shifted the blame for the spread of the Covid-19 virus to China and the Chinese people, which triggered a new round of anti-China hate both online and offline. This research intends to examine China-related hate speech on Twitter during the two years following the burst of the pandemic (2020 and 2021). Through Twitter's API, in total 2,172,333 tweets hashtagged #china posted during the time were collected. By employing multiple state-of-the-art pretrained language models for hate speech detection, we identify a wide range of hate of various types, resulting in an automatically labeled anti-China hate speech dataset. We identify a hateful rate in #china tweets of 2.5% in 2020 and 1.9% in 2021. This is well above the average rate of online hate speech on Twitter at 0.6% identified in Gao et al., 2017. We further analyzed the longitudinal development of #china tweets and those identified as hateful in 2020 and 2021 through visualizing the daily number and hate rate over the two years. Our keyword analysis of hate speech in #china tweets reveals the most frequently mentioned terms in the hateful #china tweets, which can be used for further social science studies.

Predicting stock market movements has always been of great interest to investors and an active area of research. Research has proven that popularity of products is highly influenced by what people talk about. Social media like Twitter, Reddit have become hotspots of such influences. This paper investigates the impact of social media posts on close price prediction of stocks using Twitter and Reddit posts. Our objective is to integrate sentiment of social media data with historical stock data and study its effect on closing prices using time series models. We carried out rigorous experiments and deep analysis using multiple deep learning based models on different datasets to study the influence of posts by executives and general people on the close price. Experimental results on multiple stocks (Apple and Tesla) and decentralised currencies (Bitcoin and Ethereum) consistently show improvements in prediction on including social media data and greater improvements on including executive posts.

通过匿名和可访问性，社交媒体平台促进了仇恨言论的扩散，提示在开发自动方法以识别这些文本时提高研究。本文探讨了使用各种深度神经网络模型架构（如长短期内存（LSTM）和卷积神经网络（CNN）的文本中性别歧视分类。这些网络与来自变压器（BERT）和Distilbert模型的双向编码器表示形式的传输学习一起使用，以及数据增强，以在社交中的性别歧视识别中对推文和GAB的数据集进行二进制和多种性别歧视分类Iberlef 2021中的网络（存在）任务。看到模型与竞争对手的比较，使用BERT和多滤波器CNN模型进行了最佳性能。数据增强进一步提高了多级分类任务的结果。本文还探讨了模型所做的错误，并讨论了由于标签的主观性和社交媒体中使用的自然语言的复杂性而自动对性别歧视的难度。

虽然现在几个月有多个Covid-19疫苗，但疫苗犹豫不决在美国的高水平。部分内容也已成为政治化，特别是自11月总统选举以来。在包括Twitter的社交媒体背景下，在此期间理解疫苗犹豫不决，可以为计算社会科学家和决策者提供有价值的指导。本文通过相对研究两个不同的时间段（选举前的一个，另一个月之后的另一个月，另一个月）采用相对研究的两个Twitter数据集，而不是研究单一的Twitter语料库，而不是研究单个Twitter语料库。数据收集和过滤方法。我们的研究结果表明，从2020年到2021年秋天的政治到Covid-19疫苗的讨论中讨论了重大转变。通过使用基于集群和机器学习的方法与采样和定性分析，我们发现了几种细粒度疫苗犹豫不决的原因，其中一些随着时间的推移而变得更加（或更少）。我们的结果还强调了去年这个问题的强烈极化和政治化。

满意度测量，在今天的每个部门都出现，是许多公司的一个非常重要的因素。在本研究中，旨在通过使用yemek Sepeti的数据和该数据的变化来达到各种机器学习算法的最高精度率。每种算法的精度值都与所使用的各种自然语言处理方法一起计算。在计算这些精度值时，尝试优化使用的算法的参数。在本研究中培训的模型可以在未标记的数据上使用，并且可以在衡量客户满意度时给公司一个想法。观察到施加的3种不同的自然语言处理方法导致大部分开发模型中的大约5％的精度增加。

为了防止青年自杀，社交媒体平台受到了研究人员的广泛关注。一些研究应用机器学习或基于深度学习的文本分类方法来对包含自杀风险的社交媒体帖子进行分类。本文复制了基于社交媒体的自杀性检测/预测模型。我们评估了使用多个数据集和不同最先进的深度学习模型（RNN-，CNN-和基于注意力的模型）检测自杀构想的可行性。使用两个自杀性评估数据集，我们通过定量和定性方式评估了28种输入嵌入的组合和4种常用的深度学习模型和5种预处理的语言模型。我们的复制研究证实，深度学习总体上可以很好地适用于基于社交媒体的自杀性检测，但这在很大程度上取决于数据集的质量。

讽刺是指使用单词嘲笑，刺激或娱乐某人的术语。它通常在社交媒体上使用。讽刺的隐喻性和创造性为基于情感计算的情感分析系统带来了重大困难。本文介绍了我们团队UTNLP在Semeval-2022共享任务6中的方法和结果。我们将不同的模型和数据增强方法放在测试中，并报告哪种最佳作用。测试始于传统的机器学习模型和基于变压器和基于注意力的模型的进展。我们基于数据突变和数据生成采用了数据增强。使用Roberta和基于突变的数据增强，我们的最佳方法在竞争评估阶段达到了0.38的F1毛囊。竞争结束后，我们修复了模型的缺陷，并达到了0.414的F1-Sarcastic。

Migraine is a high-prevalence and disabling neurological disorder. However, information migraine management in real-world settings could be limited to traditional health information sources. In this paper, we (i) verify that there is substantial migraine-related chatter available on social media (Twitter and Reddit), self-reported by migraine sufferers; (ii) develop a platform-independent text classification system for automatically detecting self-reported migraine-related posts, and (iii) conduct analyses of the self-reported posts to assess the utility of social media for studying this problem. We manually annotated 5750 Twitter posts and 302 Reddit posts. Our system achieved an F1 score of 0.90 on Twitter and 0.93 on Reddit. Analysis of information posted by our 'migraine cohort' revealed the presence of a plethora of relevant information about migraine therapies and patient sentiments associated with them. Our study forms the foundation for conducting an in-depth analysis of migraine-related information using social media data.