基于方面的情绪分析(ABSA)主要涉及三个子任务:方面术语提取,意见术语提取和方面思维分类,其通常以单独的或联合方式处理。然而,以前的方法并没有很好地利用三个子任务之间的互动关系,并不完全利用易于使用的文档级标记的域/情绪知识,这限制了他们的性能。为解决这些问题,我们提出了一种用于端到端ABSA的新型迭代多知识转移网络(IMKTN)。首先,通过ABSA子组织之间的交互式相关性,我们的IMKTN通过利用精心设计的路由算法将来自三个子任务中的任意两个子组织中的任意两个子组织中的任务特定知识传输到另一个,即任何两个这三个子组织将有助于第三个子任务。对于另一个,我们的IMKTN无疑将文档级知识,即特定于域和情绪相关的知识传输到方面级别子特派团,以进一步提高相应的性能。三个基准数据集的实验结果证明了我们方法的有效性和优越性。
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基于方面的情绪分析(ABSA)任务由三个典型的子特点组成:术语术语提取,意见术语提取和情感极性分类。这三个子组织通常是共同执行的,以节省资源并减少管道中的错误传播。但是,大多数现有联合模型只关注编码器共享的福利在子任务之间共享,但忽略差异。因此,我们提出了一个关节ABSA模型,它不仅享有编码器共享的好处,而且还专注于提高模型效率的差异。详细地,我们介绍了双编码器设计,其中一对编码器特别侧重于候选方识对分类,并且原始编码器对序列标记进行注意。经验结果表明,我们的拟议模型显示了鲁棒性,并显着优于前一个基准数据集的先前最先进。
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As an important fine-grained sentiment analysis problem, aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA), aiming to analyze and understand people's opinions at the aspect level, has been attracting considerable interest in the last decade. To handle ABSA in different scenarios, various tasks are introduced for analyzing different sentiment elements and their relations, including the aspect term, aspect category, opinion term, and sentiment polarity. Unlike early ABSA works focusing on a single sentiment element, many compound ABSA tasks involving multiple elements have been studied in recent years for capturing more complete aspect-level sentiment information. However, a systematic review of various ABSA tasks and their corresponding solutions is still lacking, which we aim to fill in this survey. More specifically, we provide a new taxonomy for ABSA which organizes existing studies from the axes of concerned sentiment elements, with an emphasis on recent advances of compound ABSA tasks. From the perspective of solutions, we summarize the utilization of pre-trained language models for ABSA, which improved the performance of ABSA to a new stage. Besides, techniques for building more practical ABSA systems in cross-domain/lingual scenarios are discussed. Finally, we review some emerging topics and discuss some open challenges to outlook potential future directions of ABSA.
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方面情感三胞胎提取(ASTE)旨在提取方面,意见及其情感关系作为情感三胞胎的跨度。现有的作品通常将跨度检测作为1D令牌标记问题制定,并使用令牌对的2D标记矩阵对情感识别进行建模。此外,通过利用诸如伯特(Bert)之类的审计语言编码器(PLES)的代表形式,它们可以实现更好的性能。但是,他们只是利用将功能提取器作为提取器来构建其模块,但从未深入了解特定知识所包含的内容。在本文中,我们争辩说,与其进一步设计模块以捕获ASTE的电感偏见,不如包含“足够”的“足够”功能,用于1D和2D标记:(1)令牌表示包含令牌本身的上下文含义,因此此级别,因此此级别功能带有必要的信息以进行1D标记。 (2)不同PLE层的注意力矩阵可以进一步捕获令牌对中存在的多层次语言知识,从而使2D标记受益。 (3)此外,对于简单的转换,这两个功能也可以很容易地转换为2D标记矩阵和1D标记序列。这将进一步提高标签结果。通过这样做,PLE可以是自然的标记框架并实现新的最新状态,通过广泛的实验和深入分析来验证。
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Aspect Sentiment Triplet Extraction (ASTE) is a new fine-grained sentiment analysis task that aims to extract triplets of aspect terms, sentiments, and opinion terms from review sentences. Recently, span-level models achieve gratifying results on ASTE task by taking advantage of the predictions of all possible spans. Since all possible spans significantly increases the number of potential aspect and opinion candidates, it is crucial and challenging to efficiently extract the triplet elements among them. In this paper, we present a span-level bidirectional network which utilizes all possible spans as input and extracts triplets from spans bidirectionally. Specifically, we devise both the aspect decoder and opinion decoder to decode the span representations and extract triples from aspect-to-opinion and opinion-to-aspect directions. With these two decoders complementing with each other, the whole network can extract triplets from spans more comprehensively. Moreover, considering that mutual exclusion cannot be guaranteed between the spans, we design a similar span separation loss to facilitate the downstream task of distinguishing the correct span by expanding the KL divergence of similar spans during the training process; in the inference process, we adopt an inference strategy to remove conflicting triplets from the results base on their confidence scores. Experimental results show that our framework not only significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods, but achieves better performance in predicting triplets with multi-token entities and extracting triplets in sentences contain multi-triplets.
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Aspect Sentiment Triplet Extraction (ASTE) has become an emerging task in sentiment analysis research, aiming to extract triplets of the aspect term, its corresponding opinion term, and its associated sentiment polarity from a given sentence. Recently, many neural networks based models with different tagging schemes have been proposed, but almost all of them have their limitations: heavily relying on 1) prior assumption that each word is only associated with a single role (e.g., aspect term, or opinion term, etc. ) and 2) word-level interactions and treating each opinion/aspect as a set of independent words. Hence, they perform poorly on the complex ASTE task, such as a word associated with multiple roles or an aspect/opinion term with multiple words. Hence, we propose a novel approach, Span TAgging and Greedy infErence (STAGE), to extract sentiment triplets in span-level, where each span may consist of multiple words and play different roles simultaneously. To this end, this paper formulates the ASTE task as a multi-class span classification problem. Specifically, STAGE generates more accurate aspect sentiment triplet extractions via exploring span-level information and constraints, which consists of two components, namely, span tagging scheme and greedy inference strategy. The former tag all possible candidate spans based on a newly-defined tagging set. The latter retrieves the aspect/opinion term with the maximum length from the candidate sentiment snippet to output sentiment triplets. Furthermore, we propose a simple but effective model based on the STAGE, which outperforms the state-of-the-arts by a large margin on four widely-used datasets. Moreover, our STAGE can be easily generalized to other pair/triplet extraction tasks, which also demonstrates the superiority of the proposed scheme STAGE.
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最近,一些基于跨度的方法实现了联合方面态度分析的令人鼓舞的表现,该方法首先通过检测方面边界来提取方面(方面提取),然后对跨度级别的情感(情感分类)进行分类。但是,大多数现有方法要么顺序提取特定于任务的功能,导致功能交互不足,要么以并行方式编码方面功能和情感功能,这意味着除输入共享外,每个任务中的特征表示形式在很大程度上彼此独立。他们俩都忽略了方面提取和情感分类之间的内部相关性。为了解决这个问题,我们在新颖地提出了一个层次交互式网络(HI-ASA),以适当地对两个任务之间的双向交互作用,其中层次交互涉及两个步骤:浅层相互作用和深层交互。首先,我们利用交叉缝制机制选择性地将不同的特定任务特征组合为输入,以确保正确的双向相互作用。其次,将共同信息技术应用于输出层中两个任务之间的互惠学习,因此方面输入和情感输入能够通过反向传播编码其他任务的特征。在三个现实世界数据集上进行的广泛实验证明了HI-ASA优于基准。
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方面情绪三重态提取(ASTE)旨在从句子中提取三胞胎,包括目标实体,相关情感极性,以及合理化极性的意见跨度。现有方法缺乏目标 - 意见对之间的构建相关性,并忽略不同情绪三联体之间的相互干扰。为了解决这些问题,我们利用了两阶段框架来增强目标和意见之间的相关性:在阶段,通过序列标记提取目标和意见;然后,我们附加了一组名为可感知对的人工标签,其指示特定目标意义元组的跨度,输入句子以获得更接近相关的目标意见对表示。同时,我们通过限制令牌的注意力领域来降低三态层之间的负干扰。最后,根据可感知对的表示来识别极性。我们对四个数据集进行实验,实验结果表明了我们模型的有效性。
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基于方面的情感分析(ABSA)旨在预测对给定方面表达的情感极性(SC)或提取意见跨度(OE)。 ABSA的先前工作主要依赖于相当复杂的特定方面特征诱导。最近,审计的语言模型(PLM),例如伯特(Bert)已被用作上下文建模层,以简化特征感应结构并实现最新性能。但是,这种基于PLM的上下文建模可能不是特定于方面的。因此,一个关键问题的探索还不足:如何通过PLM更好地建模特定方面的上下文?为了回答这个问题,我们试图以非侵入性的方式通过PLM增强特定方面的上下文建模。我们提出了三个特定于方面的输入转换,即伴侣,方面提示和方面标记。通过这些转变,可以实现非侵入性方面的PLM,以促进PLM,以便更多地关注句子中特定方面的环境。此外,我们为ABSA(ADVABSA)制定了对抗性基准,以查看特定于方面的建模如何影响模型的鲁棒性。 SC和OE的标准和对抗性基准的广泛实验结果证明了该方法的有效性和鲁棒性,从而在OE上产生了新的最新性能和SC上的竞争性能。
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面向目标的意见单词提取(TOWE)是一项精细的情感分析任务,旨在从句子中提取给定意见目标的相应意见单词。最近,深度学习方法在这项任务上取得了显着进步。然而,由于昂贵的数据注释过程,TOWE任务仍然遭受培训数据的稀缺性。有限的标记数据增加了测试数据和培训数据之间分配变化的风险。在本文中,我们建议利用大量未标记的数据来通过增加模型对变化分布变化的暴露来降低风险。具体而言,我们提出了一种新型的多透明一致性正则化(MGCR)方法,以利用未标记的数据并设计两个专门用于TOWE的过滤器,以在不同的粒度上过滤嘈杂的数据。四个TOWE基准数据集的广泛实验结果表明,与当前的最新方法相比,MGCR的优越性。深入分析还证明了不同粒度过滤器的有效性。我们的代码可在https://github.com/towessl/towessl上找到。
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由于方面级别的情感标签是昂贵且富有劳动力的,因此提出了零击方面的情感分类,以学习适用于新域的分类器,而无需使用任何带注释的方面级别数据。相比之下,更容易访问具有评分的文档级别的情感数据。在这项工作中,我们仅使用文档级评论来实现零击方面的情感分类。我们的关键直觉是,文档的情感表示由该文档的所有方面的情感表示组成。基于此,我们提出了AF-DSC方法,以在评论中明确建模此类情感组成。 AF-DSC首先学习所有潜在方面的情感表示形式,然后将方面级别的情感汇总到文档级的情感上,以执行文档级别的情感分类。通过这种方式,我们将其作为文档级别分类器的副产品获得方面级别的分类器。方面情感分类基准的实验结果证明了在文档级别分类中明确利用情感组成的有效性。我们的模型只有30k培训数据的表现优于先前的工作,利用数百万个数据。
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Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) aims at extracting opinionated aspect terms in review texts and determining their sentiment polarities, which is widely studied in both academia and industry. As a fine-grained classification task, the annotation cost is extremely high. Domain adaptation is a popular solution to alleviate the data deficiency issue in new domains by transferring common knowledge across domains. Most cross-domain ABSA studies are based on structure correspondence learning (SCL), and use pivot features to construct auxiliary tasks for narrowing down the gap between domains. However, their pivot-based auxiliary tasks can only transfer knowledge of aspect terms but not sentiment, limiting the performance of existing models. In this work, we propose a novel Syntax-guided Domain Adaptation Model, named SDAM, for more effective cross-domain ABSA. SDAM exploits syntactic structure similarities for building pseudo training instances, during which aspect terms of target domain are explicitly related to sentiment polarities. Besides, we propose a syntax-based BERT mask language model for further capturing domain-invariant features. Finally, to alleviate the sentiment inconsistency issue in multi-gram aspect terms, we introduce a span-based joint aspect term and sentiment analysis module into the cross-domain End2End ABSA. Experiments on five benchmark datasets show that our model consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines with respect to Micro-F1 metric for the cross-domain End2End ABSA task.
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方面情绪三重态提取(Aste)旨在识别目标,他们的情感极化和意见解释句子的情绪。 Aste可以自然地分为3个原子子组织,即目标检测,意见检测和情绪分类。我们认为针对目标 - 意见对的合适的子任务组合,组成特征提取,以及子任务之间的互动将是成功的关键。然而,由于缺陷的子任务制定,子最优特征表示或缺少子任务相互作用,在“一对多”或“多对一”的情况下可能导致不存在的情绪三体,或导出不存在的情绪三元组。在本文中,我们将Aste划分为目标 - 意见联合检测和情绪分类子任务,这与人类认知符合,并且相应地利用序列编码器和表编码器来处理它们。表编码器在令牌对等级提取情绪,从而可以容易地捕获目标和意见之间的组成特征。要在子任务之间建立显式交互,我们利用表格表示来指导序列编码,并将序列功能注入到表编码器中。实验表明,我们的模型在六个受欢迎的ASTE数据集中优于最先进的方法。
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本文研究了一系列方面情绪分类(ASC)任务的持续学习(CL)。虽然已经提出了一些CL技术进行了文档情绪分类,但我们不知道任何CL在ASC上工作。逐步学习一系列ASC任务的CL系统应该解决以下两个问题:(1)将从以前任务的传输知识从以前的任务中学到的新任务,以帮助它学习更好的模型,并且(2)保持模型的性能以前的任务让他们没有忘记。本文提出了一种新颖的基于胶囊网络的模型,称为B-CL以解决这些问题。B-CL通过前向和后向知识传输显着提高了新任务和旧任务的ASC性能。通过广泛的实验证明了B-CL的有效性。
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从文本中提取方面 - 极性对是细粒度情绪分析的重要任务。虽然该任务的现有方法已经获得了许多进展,但它们在文本中捕获方面 - 极性对之间的关​​系,从而降低提取性能。此外,现有的最先进的方法,即基于令牌的SE静态标记和基于跨度的分类,具有它们自己的缺陷,例如极性不一致,从前者中单独标记标记和后者的异构分类导致的极性不一致。其中与方面相关和极性相关的标签混合。为了弥补上述缺陷,从最近的关系提取的进步开始,我们建议直接从具有关系提取技术的文本生成方向极性对,关于方面是各方面是才能的一致关系相应的极性是关系。基于该角度来看,我们介绍了一种位置和方面感知的序列2序列模型,用于宽高学对的关节提取。该模型的特征在于,它不仅通过序列解码中的序列解码而在文本中捕获的宽度极性对之间的关​​系,而且通过位置和方面感知的关注的方面和极性之间的相关性。在三个基准数据集上执行的实验,表明我们的模型优于现有的最先进的方法,对其进行了重大信息。
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Aspect sentiment triplet extraction (ASTE) aims to extract aspect term, sentiment and opinion term triplets from sentences. Since the initial datasets used to evaluate models on ASTE had flaws, several studies later corrected the initial datasets and released new versions of the datasets independently. As a result, different studies select different versions of datasets to evaluate their methods, which makes ASTE-related works hard to follow. In this paper, we analyze the relation between different versions of datasets and suggest that the entire-space version should be used for ASTE. Besides the sentences containing triplets and the triplets in the sentences, the entire-space version additionally includes the sentences without triplets and the aspect terms which do not belong to any triplets. Hence, the entire-space version is consistent with real-world scenarios and evaluating models on the entire-space version can better reflect the models' performance in real-world scenarios. In addition, experimental results show that evaluating models on non-entire-space datasets inflates the performance of existing models and models trained on the entire-space version can obtain better performance.
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基于方面的情绪分析(ABSA)是一种文本分析方法,其定义了与特定目标相关的某些方面的意见的极性。 ABSA的大部分研究都是英文,阿拉伯语有少量的工作。最先前的阿拉伯语研究依赖于深度学习模型,主要依赖于独立于上下文的单词嵌入(例如,e.g.word2vec),其中每个单词都有一个独立于其上下文的固定表示。本文探讨了从预先培训的语言模型(如BERT)的上下文嵌入的建模功能,例如BERT,以及在阿拉伯语方面情感极度分类任务中使用句子对输入。特别是,我们开发一个简单但有效的基于伯特的神经基线来处理这项任务。根据三种不同阿拉伯语数据集的实验结果,我们的BERT架构与简单的线性分类层超出了最先进的作品。在Arabic Hotel评论数据库中实现了89.51%的准确性,73%的人类注册书评论数据集和阿拉伯新闻数据集的85.73%。
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基于方面的情绪分析旨在确定产品评论中特定方面的情感极性。我们注意到,大约30%的评论不包含明显的观点词,但仍然可以传达清晰的人类感知情绪取向,称为隐含情绪。然而,最近的基于神经网络的方法几乎没有关注隐性情绪,这一审查有所关注。为了克服这个问题,我们通过域名语言资源检索的大规模情绪注释的Corpora采用监督对比培训。通过将隐式情感表达式的表示对准与具有相同情绪标签的人,预培训过程可以更好地捕获隐含和明确的情绪方向,以便在评论中的方面。实验结果表明,我们的方法在Semeval2014基准上实现了最先进的性能,综合分析验证了其对学习隐含情绪的有效性。
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基于宽高的情绪分析(ABSA)是一种细粒度的情绪分析任务。为了更好地理解长期复杂的句子,并获得准确的方面的信息,这项任务通常需要语言和致辞知识。然而,大多数方法采用复杂和低效的方法来结合外部知识,例如,直接搜索图形节点。此外,尚未彻底研究外部知识和语言信息之间的互补性。为此,我们提出了一个知识图形增强网络(kgan),该网络(kgan)旨在有效地将外部知识与明确的句法和上下文信息纳入。特别是,kgan从多个不同的角度来看,即基于上下文,语法和知识的情绪表示。首先,kgan通过并行地了解上下文和句法表示,以完全提取语义功能。然后,KGAN将知识图形集成到嵌入空间中,基于该嵌入空间,基于该嵌入空间,通过注意机制进一步获得了方面特异性知识表示。最后,我们提出了一个分层融合模块,以便以本地到全局方式补充这些多视图表示。关于三个流行的ABSA基准测试的广泛实验证明了我们康复的效果和坚固性。值得注意的是,在罗伯塔的预用模型的帮助下,Kggan实现了最先进的性能的新记录。
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The rapid development of aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) within recent decades shows great potential for real-world society. The current ABSA works, however, are mostly limited to the scenario of a single text piece, leaving the study in dialogue contexts unexplored. In this work, we introduce a novel task of conversational aspect-based sentiment quadruple analysis, namely DiaASQ, aiming to detect the sentiment quadruple of target-aspect-opinion-sentiment in a dialogue. DiaASQ bridges the gap between fine-grained sentiment analysis and conversational opinion mining. We manually construct a large-scale, high-quality Chinese dataset and also obtain the English version dataset via manual translation. We deliberately propose a neural model to benchmark the task. It advances in effectively performing end-to-end quadruple prediction and manages to incorporate rich dialogue-specific and discourse feature representations for better cross-utterance quadruple extraction. We finally point out several potential future works to facilitate the follow-up research of this new task. The DiaASQ data is open at https://github.com/unikcc/DiaASQ
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