现有的多策略自适应差分演进(de)通常涉及多种策略的试验,然后奖励更好的效率,具有更多资源。但是,剥削或探索战略的试验可能导致过度剥削或过度探索。为了提高性能,本文提出了一种新的策略适应方法,命名为显式适配方案(EA方案),其分离多种策略并将其按需采用它们。通过将演化过程划分为几个具有相似性选择(SCSS)代和自适应代的选择性候选者来完成的。在SCSS世代,通过利用平衡策略来学习利用和探索需求。为了满足这些需求,在自适应世代,另外两种策略,剥削或探索是自适应的。与其变体和其他适应方法相比,基准函数的实验研究证明了EA方案的有效性。此外,具有最先进的进化算法和基于群体智能的算法的性能比较表明EADE非常有竞争力。
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Metaheuristics are popularly used in various fields, and they have attracted much attention in the scientific and industrial communities. In recent years, the number of new metaheuristic names has been continuously growing. Generally, the inventors attribute the novelties of these new algorithms to inspirations from either biology, human behaviors, physics, or other phenomena. In addition, these new algorithms, compared against basic versions of other metaheuristics using classical benchmark problems without shift/rotation, show competitive performances. In this study, we exhaustively tabulate more than 500 metaheuristics. To comparatively evaluate the performance of the recent competitive variants and newly proposed metaheuristics, 11 newly proposed metaheuristics and 4 variants of established metaheuristics are comprehensively compared on the CEC2017 benchmark suite. In addition, whether these algorithms have a search bias to the center of the search space is investigated. The results show that the performance of the newly proposed EBCM (effective butterfly optimizer with covariance matrix adaptation) algorithm performs comparably to the 4 well performing variants of the established metaheuristics and possesses similar properties and behaviors, such as convergence, diversity, exploration and exploitation trade-offs, in many aspects. The performance of all 15 of the algorithms is likely to deteriorate due to certain transformations, while the 4 state-of-the-art metaheuristics are less affected by transformations such as the shifting of the global optimal point away from the center of the search space. It should be noted that, except EBCM, the other 10 new algorithms proposed mostly during 2019-2020 are inferior to the well performing 2017 variants of differential evolution and evolution strategy in terms of convergence speed and global search ability on CEC 2017 functions.
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大多数现实世界中的问题本质上都是多模式,由多个最佳值组成。多模式优化定义为找到函数的多个全局和局部优化(与单个解决方案相反)的过程。它使用户可以根据需要在不同的解决方案之间切换,同时仍保持最佳系统性能。基于经典梯度的方法未能用于优化问题,因为目标函数是不连续的或不可差的。与需要多个重新启动的经典优化技术相比,进化算法(EAS)能够在单个算法运行中以单个算法运行中的多个解决方案找到多个解决方案,以找到不同的解决方案。因此,已经提出了一些EA来解决此类问题。但是,差异进化(DE)算法是一种基于人群的启发式方法,可以解决此类优化问题,并且可以易于实施。多模式优化问题(MMOP)的潜在挑战是有效地搜索功能空间以准确地定位大多数峰。优化问题可能是最大程度地减少或最大化给定的目标函数,我们旨在解决本研究中多模式功能的最大化问题。因此,我们提出了一种称为增强对立差异进化(EODE)算法的算法来求解MMOP。拟议的算法已在IEEE进化计算(CEC)2013基准功能上进行了测试,并且与现有的最新方法相比,它取得了竞争性结果。
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In this paper we propose new probabilistic and dynamic (adaptive) strategies to create multi-method ensembles based on the Coral Reefs Optimization with Substrate Layers (CRO-SL) algorithm. The CRO-SL is an evolutionary-based ensemble approach, able to combine different search procedures within a single population. In this work we discuss two different probabilistic strategies to improve the algorithm. First, we defined the Probabilistic CRO-SL (PCRO-SL), which substitutes the substrates in the CRO-SL population by {\em tags} associated with each individual. Each tag represents a different operator which will modify the individual in the reproduction phase. In each generation of the algorithm, the tags are randomly assigned to the individuals with a similar probability, obtaining this way an ensemble with a more intense change in the application of different operators to a given individual than the original CRO-SL. The second strategy discussed in this paper is the Dynamical Probabilistic CRO-SL (DPCRO-SL), in which the probability of tag assignment is modified during the evolution of the algorithm, depending on the quality of the solutions generated in each substrate. Thus, the best substrates in the search process will be assigned with a higher probability that those which showed a worse performance during the search. We test the performance of the proposed probabilistic and dynamic ensembles in different optimization problems, including benchmark functions and a real application of wind turbines layout optimization, comparing the results obtained with that of existing algorithms in the literature.
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多目标优化问题的目标在现实世界中通常会看到不同的评估成本。现在,此类问题被称为异质目标(HE-MOPS)的多目标优化问题。然而,到目前为止,只有少数研究来解决HE-MOPS,其中大多数专注于一个快速目标和一个缓慢目标的双向目标问题。在这项工作中,我们旨在应对具有两个以上黑盒和异质目标的He-mops。为此,我们通过利用He-Mops中廉价且昂贵的目标的不同数据集来减轻因评估不同目标而导致的搜索偏见,从而减轻了廉价且昂贵的目标,从而为HE-MOPS开发了多目标贝叶斯进化优化方法。为了充分利用两个不同的培训数据集,一种对所有目标进行评估的解决方案,另一个与仅在快速目标上进行评估的解决方案,构建了两个单独的高斯过程模型。此外,提出了一种新的采集函数,以减轻对快速目标的搜索偏见,从而在收敛与多样性之间达到平衡。我们通过对广泛使用的多/多目标基准问题进行测试来证明该算法的有效性,这些问题被认为是异质昂贵的。
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The JPEG standard is widely used in different image processing applications. One of the main components of the JPEG standard is the quantisation table (QT) since it plays a vital role in the image properties such as image quality and file size. In recent years, several efforts based on population-based metaheuristic (PBMH) algorithms have been performed to find the proper QT(s) for a specific image, although they do not take into consideration the user's opinion. Take an android developer as an example, who prefers a small-size image, while the optimisation process results in a high-quality image, leading to a huge file size. Another pitfall of the current works is a lack of comprehensive coverage, meaning that the QT(s) can not provide all possible combinations of file size and quality. Therefore, this paper aims to propose three distinct contributions. First, to include the user's opinion in the compression process, the file size of the output image can be controlled by a user in advance. Second, to tackle the lack of comprehensive coverage, we suggest a novel representation. Our proposed representation can not only provide more comprehensive coverage but also find the proper value for the quality factor for a specific image without any background knowledge. Both changes in representation and objective function are independent of the search strategies and can be used with any type of population-based metaheuristic (PBMH) algorithm. Therefore, as the third contribution, we also provide a comprehensive benchmark on 22 state-of-the-art and recently-introduced PBMH algorithms on our new formulation of JPEG image compression. Our extensive experiments on different benchmark images and in terms of different criteria show that our novel formulation for JPEG image compression can work effectively.
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最佳实验设计是统计的重要子字段,可最大程度地提高实验成功的机会。在最佳设计领域,D-和A-Aftimal设计是一个非常具有挑战性的问题,即最大程度地减少逆Fisher信息矩阵的决定因素和痕迹。由于灵活性和易于实施,因此,传统的进化算法(EAS)用于处理一小部分实验优化设计问题,而无需数学推导和假设。但是,当前的EAS仍然是确定支持点数,处理不可行的重量解决方案以及实验不足的问题。为了解决上述问题,本文研究了用于在几种不同的统计模型上查找D-和A-最佳设计的差异进化(DE)变体。提出了维修操作,以根据欧几里得距离将相似的支撑点与相应的权重相结合,并以较小的权重删除支撑点,从而自动确定支持点。此外,维修操作还将不可行的重量溶液固定到可行的重量解决方案中。为了丰富我们的最佳设计实验,我们利用所提出的DE变体来测试12个统计模型的D-和A-Aftimal设计问题。与其他竞争对手算法相比,模拟实验表明,Lshade可以在D-和A-Aftimal设计问题上实现更好的性能。
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本文提出了一种名为Duck Sharm算法(DSA)的群体智能的优化算法。该算法通过寻找鸭子群的食物来源和觅食行为的启发。通过使用十八个基准函数来验证DSA的性能,其中统计(最佳,平均值,标准偏差和平均运行时间)结果与粒子群优化(PSO),Firefly算法(FA ),鸡肉群优化(CSO),灰狼优化器(GWO),正弦余弦算法(SCA)和海洋捕食者算法(MPA)和ArchImedes优化算法(AOA)。此外,使用比较结果的Wilcoxon Rank-Sum测试,Friedman测试和收敛曲线来证明DSA对其他算法的优越性。结果表明,DSA是在收敛速度和勘探开发平衡方面是求解高维优化功能的高性能优化方法。此外,DSA应用于两个约束工程问题的最佳设计(三条桁架问题,以及锯木厂运行问题)。此外,还用于分析所提出的DSA的性能的四个工程约束问题。总体而言,比较结果表明,DSA是一种有前途和非常竞争力的算法,用于解决不同的优化问题。
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客户满意度在移动设备中的能源消耗至关重要。应用程序中最耗能的部分之一是图像。尽管具有不同质量的不同图像消耗了不同量的能量,但没有直接的方法来计算典型图像中操作的能量消耗。首先,本文调查了能源消耗与图像质量以及图像文件大小之间存在相关性。因此,这两者可以被视为能源消耗的代理。然后,我们提出了一种多目标策略,以增强图像质量并根据JPEG图像压缩中的定量表减少图像文件大小。为此,我们使用了两种一般的多目标元启发式方法:基于标量和基于帕累托。标量方法找到基于组合不同目标的单个最佳解决方案,而基于帕累托的技术旨在实现一组解决方案。在本文中,我们将策略纳入五种标量算法,包括能量感知的多目标遗传算法(ENMOGA),能量感知的多目标粒子群优化(ENMOPSO),能量感知的多目标多目标差异进化(ENMODE)(ENMODE)(ENMODE) ,能源感知的多目标进化策略(ENMOES)和能量感知的多目标模式搜索(ENMOPS)。此外,使用两种基于帕累托的方法,包括非主导的分类遗传算法(NSGA-II)和基于参考点的NSGA-II(NSGA-III),用于嵌入方案,以及两种基于帕累托的算法,即两种基于帕累托的算法,即提出了Ennsgaii和Ennsgaiii。实验研究表明,基线算法的性能通过将拟议策略嵌入到元启发式算法中来提高。
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基准套件提供了对进化算法解决问题能力的有用度量,但是组成问题通常太复杂了,无法清洁算法的优势和劣势。在这里,我们介绍了基准套件档案(``进化运行中的选择方案的诊断概述''),以实证分析有关剥削和探索重要方面的选择方案。利用从根本上是攀岩,但我们考虑两种情况:纯剥削,可以独立优化表示形式中的每个位置,并且受到限制的利用,在该位置之间,由于位置之间的相互作用,向上进展更加有限。当优化路径不太清楚时,需要探索;我们认为能够遵循多个独立的爬山途径和跨健身山谷的能力。这些场景的每种组合都会产生独特的适应性景观,有助于表征与给定选择方案相关的进化动力学。我们分析了六个流行的选择方案。锦标赛的选择和截断选择都在剥削指标方面表现出色,但在需要探索时表现不佳;相反,新颖的搜索在探索方面表现出色,但未能利用梯度。在克服欺骗时,健身共享表现良好,但在所有其他诊断方面都很差。非主导的分类是维持由居住在多个Optima居住的个体组成的不同人群的最佳选择,但努力有效利用梯度。词汇酶选择平衡搜索空间探索而不牺牲剥削,通常在诊断方面表现良好。我们的工作证明了诊断对快速建立对选择方案特征的直观理解的价值,然后可以将其用于改进或开发新的选择方法。
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我们对两个单目标和两个多目标的全局全局优化算法进行了全面的全局灵敏度分析,作为算法配置问题。也就是说,我们研究了超参数对算法的直接效果和与其他超参数的效果的影响的影响质量。使用三种敏感性分析方法Morris LHS,Morris和Sobol,可以系统地分析协方差矩阵适应进化策略,差异进化,非主导的遗传算法III和多目标进化算法的可调型矩阵适应性进化策略,基于框架的分解,基于框架揭示,基于框架的遗传算法,超参数对抽样方法和性能指标的行为。也就是说,它回答了等问题,例如什么超参数会影响模式,它们的互动方式,相互作用的互动程度以及其直接影响程度。因此,超参数的排名表明它们的调整顺序,影响模式揭示了算法的稳定性。
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遗传算法具有独特的属性,当应用于黑匣子优化时很有用。使用选择,交叉和突变算子,可以获得候选溶液,而无需计算梯度。在这项工作中,我们研究了从遗传算法的选择机理中使用量子增强的算子获得的结果。我们的方法将选择过程描述为最小化的二元二次模型,我们使用该模型编码适合度和人群成员之间的距离,我们利用量子退火系统来为选择机制采样低能解决方案。我们在各种黑盒目标函数(包括ONEMAX函数)以及来自IOH-Profiler库中的函数进行黑盒优化的函数基准对这些量子增强算法基准针对经典算法进行基准测试。与OneMax功能上的经典相比,我们观察到平均世代相传的性能增长,以收敛到量子增强的精英选择运算符。我们还发现,具有非专业选择的量子增强选择算子在IOHProfiler库中具有适应性扰动的功能上的基准优于基准。此外,我们发现,在精英选择的情况下,量子增强的操作员在不同程度的虚拟变量和中立性方面的函数上优于经典基准。
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参数适应性,即根据面临的问题自动调整算法的超参数的能力,是应用于数值优化的进化计算的主要趋势之一。多年来,已经提出了一些手工制作的适应政策来解决这个问题,但到目前为止,在应用机器学习以学习此类政策时,只有很少的尝试。在这里,我们介绍了一个通用框架,用于基于最新的增强学习算法在连续域元启发术中进行参数适应。我们证明了该框架在两种算法上的适用性,即协方差矩阵适应性进化策略(CMA-ES)和差异演化(DE),我们分别学习,我们分别学习了对阶梯大小(CMA-ES),CMA-ES的适应性策略,以及比例因子和交叉率(DE)。我们在不同维度的一组46个基准函数上训练这些策略,在两个设置中具有各种策略的投入:每个功能的一个策略,以及所有功能的全局策略。将分别与累积的阶梯尺寸适应(CSA)策略和两个众所周知的自适应DE变体(IDE和JDE)进行了比较,我们的政策能够在大多数情况下产生竞争成果,尤其是在DE的情况下。
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信息科学的快速发展引起的“维度诅咒”在处理大数据集时可能会产生负面影响。在本文中,我们提出了Sparrow搜索算法(SSA)的一种变体,称为帐篷L \'evy飞行麻雀搜索算法(TFSSA),并使用它来选择包装模式中最佳的特征子集以进行分类。 SSA是最近提出的算法,尚未系统地应用于特征选择问题。通过CEC2020基准函数进行验证后,TFSSA用于选择最佳功能组合,以最大化分类精度并最大程度地减少所选功能的数量。将拟议的TFSSA与文献中的九种算法进行了比较。 9个评估指标用于正确评估和比较UCI存储库中21个数据集上这些算法的性能。此外,该方法应用于冠状病毒病(COVID-19)数据集,分别获得最佳的平均分类精度和特征选择的平均数量,为93.47%和2.1。实验结果证实了所提出的算法在提高分类准确性和减少与其他基于包装器的算法相比的选定特征数量方面的优势。
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许多优化问题都遭受噪声的困扰,基于非线性检查的分解方法(例如,差异分组)将完全无法检测到乘法噪声环境中变量之间的相互作用,因此,很难分解大型优化问题(LSOPS)嘈杂的环境。在本文中,我们提出了一个自动随机分组(ARG),该分组不需要用户指定的任何明确的超参数。仿真实验和数学分析表明,ARG可以检测没有适应性景观知识的变量之间的相互作用,而由ARG分解的子问题具有较小的尺度,这使EAS更容易优化。基于合作协调(CC)框架,我们引入了一个名为“修改差异进化”的高级优化器,其基于距离的选择(MDE-DS),以增强噪声环境中的搜索能力。与规范的DE相比,参数自我适应,多样化和强化之间的平衡以及基于距离的概率选择endow endow endow mde-ds具有更强的勘探和剥削能力。为了评估我们的提案的绩效,我们根据CEC2013 LSGO Suite设计了$ 500 $ -D和$ 1000 $ -D的问题。数值实验表明,我们的建议在嘈杂的环境中解决LSOP的前景广泛,并且很容易扩展到更高维度的问题。
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Recently, evolutionary multitasking (EMT) has been successfully used in the field of high-dimensional classification. However, the generation of multiple tasks in the existing EMT-based feature selection (FS) methods is relatively simple, using only the Relief-F method to collect related features with similar importance into one task, which cannot provide more diversified tasks for knowledge transfer. Thus, this paper devises a new EMT algorithm for FS in high-dimensional classification, which first adopts different filtering methods to produce multiple tasks and then modifies a competitive swarm optimizer to efficiently solve these related tasks via knowledge transfer. First, a diversified multiple task generation method is designed based on multiple filtering methods, which generates several relevant low-dimensional FS tasks by eliminating irrelevant features. In this way, useful knowledge for solving simple and relevant tasks can be transferred to simplify and speed up the solution of the original high-dimensional FS task. Then, a competitive swarm optimizer is modified to simultaneously solve these relevant FS tasks by transferring useful knowledge among them. Numerous empirical results demonstrate that the proposed EMT-based FS method can obtain a better feature subset than several state-of-the-art FS methods on eighteen high-dimensional datasets.
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In the field of derivative-free optimization, both of its main branches, the deterministic and nature-inspired techniques, experienced in recent years substantial advancement. In this paper, we provide an extensive computational comparison of selected methods from each of these branches. The chosen representatives were either standard and well-utilized methods, or the best-performing methods from recent numerical comparisons. The computational comparison was performed on five different benchmark sets and the results were analyzed in terms of performance, time complexity, and convergence properties of the selected methods. The results showed that, when dealing with situations where the objective function evaluations are relatively cheap, the nature-inspired methods have a significantly better performance than their deterministic counterparts. However, in situations when the function evaluations are costly or otherwise prohibited, the deterministic methods might provide more consistent and overall better results.
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多模式的多目标问题(MMOP)通常在现实世界中出现,而决策空间中遥远的解决方案对应于非常相似的目标值。为了获得MMOP的所有溶液,已经提出了许多多模式多模式的多模型进化算法(MMEAS)。目前,很少有研究涵盖了最近提出的大多数代表性MMEAS,并进行了比较。在这项研究中,我们首先回顾了过去二十年中相关作品。然后,我们选择了12种利用不同多样性维护技术的最先进的算法,并比较了它们在现有测试套件上的性能。实验结果表明,不同类型的MMOP上不同技术的优势和劣势,从而为如何在特定情况下选择/设计MMEAS提供指导。
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Multi-objective feature selection is one of the most significant issues in the field of pattern recognition. It is challenging because it maximizes the classification performance and, at the same time, minimizes the number of selected features, and the mentioned two objectives are usually conflicting. To achieve a better Pareto optimal solution, metaheuristic optimization methods are widely used in many studies. However, the main drawback is the exploration of a large search space. Another problem with multi-objective feature selection approaches is the interaction between features. Selecting correlated features has negative effect on classification performance. To tackle these problems, we present a novel multi-objective feature selection method that has several advantages. Firstly, it considers the interaction between features using an advanced probability scheme. Secondly, it is based on the Pareto Archived Evolution Strategy (PAES) method that has several advantages such as simplicity and its speed in exploring the solution space. However, we improve the structure of PAES in such a way that generates the offsprings, intelligently. Thus, the proposed method utilizes the introduced probability scheme to produce more promising offsprings. Finally, it is equipped with a novel strategy that guides it to find the optimum number of features through the process of evolution. The experimental results show a significant improvement in finding the optimal Pareto front compared to state-of-the-art methods on different real-world datasets.
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许多现实世界优化问题,如工程最优设计,最终可以被建模为必须解决的相应多目标优化问题(MOPS),以获得近似帕累托最佳前端。基于分解(MOEA / D)的多目标进化算法被认为是解决MOP的明显有希望的方法。最近的研究表明,具有均匀重量载体的MoEA / D非常适合于普通帕累托最佳前端的拖把,但在多样性方面的性能通常会在解决带有不规则帕累托最佳方向时造成拖镜时劣化。以这种方式,通过该算法获得的解决方案集不能为决策者提供更合理的选择。为了有效地克服这一缺点,我们通过众所周知的Pascoletti-Serafini标定方法和多参考点的新策略提出了一种改进的MoA / D算法。具体地,该策略包括由等距分区和投影的技术产生的参考点的设置和调整组成。对于性能评估,将所提出的算法与现有的四个最先进的多目标进化算法进行比较,这些算法与各种类型的帕累托最优前锋和两个现实世界拖把的基准测试问题相比,包括舱口盖设计和火箭喷射器设计在工程优化中。根据实验结果,所提出的算法表现出比其他比较算法更好的分集性能。
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