3D多对象跟踪（MOT）确保在连续动态检测过程中保持一致性，有利于自动驾驶中随后的运动计划和导航任务。但是，基于摄像头的方法在闭塞情况下受到影响，准确跟踪基于激光雷达的方法的对象的不规则运动可能是具有挑战性的。某些融合方法效果很好，但不认为在遮挡下出现外观特征的不可信问题。同时，错误检测问题也显着影响跟踪。因此，我们根据组合的外观运动优化（Camo-Mot）提出了一种新颖的相机融合3D MOT框架，该框架使用相机和激光镜数据，并大大减少了由遮挡和错误检测引起的跟踪故障。对于遮挡问题，我们是第一个提出遮挡头来有效地选择最佳对象外观的人，从而减少了闭塞的影响。为了减少错误检测在跟踪中的影响，我们根据置信得分设计一个运动成本矩阵，从而提高了3D空间中的定位和对象预测准确性。由于现有的多目标跟踪方法仅考虑一个类别，因此我们还建议建立多类损失，以在多类别场景中实现多目标跟踪。在Kitti和Nuscenes跟踪基准测试上进行了一系列验证实验。我们提出的方法在KITTI测试数据集上的所有多模式MOT方法中实现了最先进的性能和最低的身份开关（IDS）值（CAR为23，行人为137）。并且我们提出的方法在Nuscenes测试数据集上以75.3％的AMOTA进行了所有算法中的最新性能。

联合学习（FL）在中央服务器的帮助下支持多个客户的全球机器学习模型的分布式培训。每个客户端持有的本地数据集从未在FL中交换，因此保护本地数据集隐私受到保护。尽管FL越来越流行，但不同客户的数据异质性导致客户模型漂移问题，并导致模型性能降级和模型公平不佳。为了解决这个问题，我们在本文中使用全球本地知识融合（FEDKF）计划设计联合学习。 FEDKF中的关键思想是让服务器返回每个训练回合中的全局知识，以与本地知识融合，以便可以将本地模型正规化为全球最佳选择。因此，可以缓解客户模型漂移问题。在FEDKF中，我们首先提出了支持精确的全球知识表示形式的主动模型聚合技术。然后，我们提出了一种无数据的知识蒸馏（KD）方法，以促进KD从全局模型到本地模型，而本地模型仍然可以同时学习本地知识（嵌入本地数据集中），从而实现了全局 - 本地知识融合过程。理论分析和密集实验表明，FEDKF同时实现高模型性能，高公平性和隐私性。纸质审查后，项目源代码将在GitHub上发布。

两栖地面汽车将飞行和驾驶模式融合在一起，以实现更灵活的空中行动能力，并且最近受到了越来越多的关注。通过分析现有的两栖车辆，我们强调了在复杂的三维城市运输系统中有效使用两栖车辆的自动驾驶功能。我们审查并总结了现有两栖车辆设计中智能飞行驾驶的关键促成技术，确定主要的技术障碍，并提出潜在的解决方案，以实现未来的研究和创新。本文旨在作为研究和开发智能两栖车辆的指南，以实现未来的城市运输。

单眼3D对象检测是自动驾驶的重要感知任务。但是，对大型标记数据的高度依赖使其在模型优化过程中昂贵且耗时。为了减少对人类注释的过度依赖，我们提出了混合教学，这是一个有效的半监督学习框架，适用于在训练阶段采用标签和未标记的图像。教学首先通过自我训练生成用于未标记图像的伪标记。然后，通过将实例级图像贴片合并到空背景或标记的图像中，对学生模型进行了更密集和精确的标签的混合图像训练。这是第一个打破图像级限制并将高质量的伪标签从多帧放入一个图像进行半监督训练的图像。此外，由于置信度评分和本地化质量之间的错位，很难仅使用基于置信度的标准将高质量的伪标签与嘈杂的预测区分开。为此，我们进一步引入了一个基于不确定性的过滤器，以帮助选择可靠的伪框来进行上述混合操作。据我们所知，这是单眼3D对象检测的第一个统一SSL框架。在KITTI数据集上的各种标签比下，混合教学始终通过大幅度的边缘改善了单支持者和GUPNET。例如，我们的方法在仅使用10％标记的数据时，在验证集上对GUPNET基线的改进约为 +6.34％ap@0.7。此外，通过利用完整的训练套件和Kitti的另外48K RAW图像，它可以进一步提高单声道 +4.65％的ap@0.7，以提高汽车检测，达到18.54％ap@0.7基于Kitti测试排行榜的方法。代码和预估计的模型将在https://github.com/yanglei18/mix-teaching上发布。

联合学习（FL）使一组客户能够在集中式服务器的帮助下共同列车机器学习模型。客户端不需要在培训期间向服务器提交本地数据，因此保护客户的本地培训数据受到保护。在FL中，分布式客户端独立收集其本地数据，因此每个客户端的数据集可以自然地形成不同的源域。在实践中，在多个源域培训的模型可能对看不见的目标域具有较差的泛化性能。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了FedAdg以用域泛化能力装备联合学习。 FedAdg采用联合的对冲学习方法来测量并对准不同源域之间的分布，并通过将每个分发与参考分布匹配。协同分布被自适应地生成（通过容纳所有源极域）以最小化对齐期间的域移位距离。在FEDADG中，对准是细粒度，因为每个类独立对齐。以这种方式，学习的特征表示应该是普遍的，因此它可以在看不见的域中概括很好。关于各种数据集的广泛实验表明，即使它们具有允许集中数据访问的额外优势，FedAdg也具有比主要的大多数解决方案更好的性能。为了支持研究重现性，项目代码可在https://github.com/wzml/fedadg中获得

Face Anti-spoofing (FAS) is essential to secure face recognition systems from various physical attacks. However, recent research generally focuses on short-distance applications (i.e., phone unlocking) while lacking consideration of long-distance scenes (i.e., surveillance security checks). In order to promote relevant research and fill this gap in the community, we collect a large-scale Surveillance High-Fidelity Mask (SuHiFiMask) dataset captured under 40 surveillance scenes, which has 101 subjects from different age groups with 232 3D attacks (high-fidelity masks), 200 2D attacks (posters, portraits, and screens), and 2 adversarial attacks. In this scene, low image resolution and noise interference are new challenges faced in surveillance FAS. Together with the SuHiFiMask dataset, we propose a Contrastive Quality-Invariance Learning (CQIL) network to alleviate the performance degradation caused by image quality from three aspects: (1) An Image Quality Variable module (IQV) is introduced to recover image information associated with discrimination by combining the super-resolution network. (2) Using generated sample pairs to simulate quality variance distributions to help contrastive learning strategies obtain robust feature representation under quality variation. (3) A Separate Quality Network (SQN) is designed to learn discriminative features independent of image quality. Finally, a large number of experiments verify the quality of the SuHiFiMask dataset and the superiority of the proposed CQIL.

Embedding words in vector space is a fundamental first step in state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP). Typical NLP solutions employ pre-defined vector representations to improve generalization by co-locating similar words in vector space. For instance, Word2Vec is a self-supervised predictive model that captures the context of words using a neural network. Similarly, GLoVe is a popular unsupervised model incorporating corpus-wide word co-occurrence statistics. Such word embedding has significantly boosted important NLP tasks, including sentiment analysis, document classification, and machine translation. However, the embeddings are dense floating-point vectors, making them expensive to compute and difficult to interpret. In this paper, we instead propose to represent the semantics of words with a few defining words that are related using propositional logic. To produce such logical embeddings, we introduce a Tsetlin Machine-based autoencoder that learns logical clauses self-supervised. The clauses consist of contextual words like "black," "cup," and "hot" to define other words like "coffee," thus being human-understandable. We evaluate our embedding approach on several intrinsic and extrinsic benchmarks, outperforming GLoVe on six classification tasks. Furthermore, we investigate the interpretability of our embedding using the logical representations acquired during training. We also visualize word clusters in vector space, demonstrating how our logical embedding co-locate similar words.

The surrogate loss of variational autoencoders (VAEs) poses various challenges to their training, inducing the imbalance between task fitting and representation inference. To avert this, the existing strategies for VAEs focus on adjusting the tradeoff by introducing hyperparameters, deriving a tighter bound under some mild assumptions, or decomposing the loss components per certain neural settings. VAEs still suffer from uncertain tradeoff learning.We propose a novel evolutionary variational autoencoder (eVAE) building on the variational information bottleneck (VIB) theory and integrative evolutionary neural learning. eVAE integrates a variational genetic algorithm into VAE with variational evolutionary operators including variational mutation, crossover, and evolution. Its inner-outer-joint training mechanism synergistically and dynamically generates and updates the uncertain tradeoff learning in the evidence lower bound (ELBO) without additional constraints. Apart from learning a lossy compression and representation of data under the VIB assumption, eVAE presents an evolutionary paradigm to tune critical factors of VAEs and deep neural networks and addresses the premature convergence and random search problem by integrating evolutionary optimization into deep learning. Experiments show that eVAE addresses the KL-vanishing problem for text generation with low reconstruction loss, generates all disentangled factors with sharp images, and improves the image generation quality,respectively. eVAE achieves better reconstruction loss, disentanglement, and generation-inference balance than its competitors.

With the increasing ability of large language models (LLMs), in-context learning (ICL) has become a new paradigm for natural language processing (NLP), where LLMs make predictions only based on contexts augmented with a few training examples. It has been a new trend exploring ICL to evaluate and extrapolate the ability of LLMs. In this paper, we aim to survey and summarize the progress, challenges, and future work in ICL. We first present a formal definition of ICL and clarify its correlation to related studies. Then, we organize and discuss advanced techniques of ICL, including training strategies, prompting strategies, and so on. Finally, we present the challenges of ICL and provide potential directions for further research. We hope our work can encourage more research on uncovering how ICL works and improving ICL in future work.

Reinforcement learning (RL) is one of the most important branches of AI. Due to its capacity for self-adaption and decision-making in dynamic environments, reinforcement learning has been widely applied in multiple areas, such as healthcare, data markets, autonomous driving, and robotics. However, some of these applications and systems have been shown to be vulnerable to security or privacy attacks, resulting in unreliable or unstable services. A large number of studies have focused on these security and privacy problems in reinforcement learning. However, few surveys have provided a systematic review and comparison of existing problems and state-of-the-art solutions to keep up with the pace of emerging threats. Accordingly, we herein present such a comprehensive review to explain and summarize the challenges associated with security and privacy in reinforcement learning from a new perspective, namely that of the Markov Decision Process (MDP). In this survey, we first introduce the key concepts related to this area. Next, we cover the security and privacy issues linked to the state, action, environment, and reward function of the MDP process, respectively. We further highlight the special characteristics of security and privacy methodologies related to reinforcement learning. Finally, we discuss the possible future research directions within this area.