Few Shot Instance Segmentation (FSIS) requires models to detect and segment novel classes with limited several support examples. In this work, we explore a simple yet unified solution for FSIS as well as its incremental variants, and introduce a new framework named Reference Twice (RefT) to fully explore the relationship between support/query features based on a Transformer-like framework. Our key insights are two folds: Firstly, with the aid of support masks, we can generate dynamic class centers more appropriately to re-weight query features. Secondly, we find that support object queries have already encoded key factors after base training. In this way, the query features can be enhanced twice from two aspects, i.e., feature-level and instance-level. In particular, we firstly design a mask-based dynamic weighting module to enhance support features and then propose to link object queries for better calibration via cross-attention. After the above steps, the novel classes can be improved significantly over our strong baseline. Additionally, our new framework can be easily extended to incremental FSIS with minor modification. When benchmarking results on the COCO dataset for FSIS, gFSIS, and iFSIS settings, our method achieves a competitive performance compared to existing approaches across different shots, e.g., we boost nAP by noticeable +8.2/+9.4 over the current state-of-the-art FSIS method for 10/30-shot. We further demonstrate the superiority of our approach on Few Shot Object Detection. Code and model will be available.

This paper focuses on designing efficient models with low parameters and FLOPs for dense predictions. Even though CNN-based lightweight methods have achieved stunning results after years of research, trading-off model accuracy and constrained resources still need further improvements. This work rethinks the essential unity of efficient Inverted Residual Block in MobileNetv2 and effective Transformer in ViT, inductively abstracting a general concept of Meta-Mobile Block, and we argue that the specific instantiation is very important to model performance though sharing the same framework. Motivated by this phenomenon, we deduce a simple yet efficient modern \textbf{I}nverted \textbf{R}esidual \textbf{M}obile \textbf{B}lock (iRMB) for mobile applications, which absorbs CNN-like efficiency to model short-distance dependency and Transformer-like dynamic modeling capability to learn long-distance interactions. Furthermore, we design a ResNet-like 4-phase \textbf{E}fficient \textbf{MO}del (EMO) based only on a series of iRMBs for dense applications. Massive experiments on ImageNet-1K, COCO2017, and ADE20K benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of our EMO over state-of-the-art methods, \eg, our EMO-1M/2M/5M achieve 71.5, 75.1, and 78.4 Top-1 that surpass \textbf{SoTA} CNN-/Transformer-based models, while trading-off the model accuracy and efficiency well.

Panoptic Part Segmentation (PPS) unifies panoptic segmentation and part segmentation into one task. Previous works utilize separated approaches to handle thing, stuff, and part predictions without shared computation and task association. We aim to unify these tasks at the architectural level, designing the first end-to-end unified framework named Panoptic-PartFormer. Moreover, we find the previous metric PartPQ biases to PQ. To handle both issues, we make the following contributions: Firstly, we design a meta-architecture that decouples part feature and things/stuff feature, respectively. We model things, stuff, and parts as object queries and directly learn to optimize all three forms of prediction as a unified mask prediction and classification problem. We term our model as Panoptic-PartFormer. Secondly, we propose a new metric Part-Whole Quality (PWQ) to better measure such task from both pixel-region and part-whole perspectives. It can also decouple the error for part segmentation and panoptic segmentation. Thirdly, inspired by Mask2Former, based on our meta-architecture, we propose Panoptic-PartFormer++ and design a new part-whole cross attention scheme to further boost part segmentation qualities. We design a new part-whole interaction method using masked cross attention. Finally, the extensive ablation studies and analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of both Panoptic-PartFormer and Panoptic-PartFormer++. Compared with previous Panoptic-PartFormer, our Panoptic-PartFormer++ achieves 2% PartPQ and 3% PWQ improvements on the Cityscapes PPS dataset and 5% PartPQ on the Pascal Context PPS dataset. On both datasets, Panoptic-PartFormer++ achieves new state-of-the-art results with a significant cost drop of 70% on GFlops and 50% on parameters. Our models can serve as a strong baseline and aid future research in PPS. Code will be available.

In this work, we focus on instance-level open vocabulary segmentation, intending to expand a segmenter for instance-wise novel categories without mask annotations. We investigate a simple yet effective framework with the help of image captions, focusing on exploiting thousands of object nouns in captions to discover instances of novel classes. Rather than adopting pretrained caption models or using massive caption datasets with complex pipelines, we propose an end-to-end solution from two aspects: caption grounding and caption generation. In particular, we devise a joint Caption Grounding and Generation (CGG) framework based on a Mask Transformer baseline. The framework has a novel grounding loss that performs explicit and implicit multi-modal feature alignments. We further design a lightweight caption generation head to allow for additional caption supervision. We find that grounding and generation complement each other, significantly enhancing the segmentation performance for novel categories. We conduct extensive experiments on the COCO dataset with two settings: Open Vocabulary Instance Segmentation (OVIS) and Open Set Panoptic Segmentation (OSPS). The results demonstrate the superiority of our CGG framework over previous OVIS methods, achieving a large improvement of 6.8% mAP on novel classes without extra caption data. Our method also achieves over 15% PQ improvements for novel classes on the OSPS benchmark under various settings.

Attention-based neural networks, such as Transformers, have become ubiquitous in numerous applications, including computer vision, natural language processing, and time-series analysis. In all kinds of attention networks, the attention maps are crucial as they encode semantic dependencies between input tokens. However, most existing attention networks perform modeling or reasoning based on representations, wherein the attention maps of different layers are learned separately without explicit interactions. In this paper, we propose a novel and generic evolving attention mechanism, which directly models the evolution of inter-token relationships through a chain of residual convolutional modules. The major motivations are twofold. On the one hand, the attention maps in different layers share transferable knowledge, thus adding a residual connection can facilitate the information flow of inter-token relationships across layers. On the other hand, there is naturally an evolutionary trend among attention maps at different abstraction levels, so it is beneficial to exploit a dedicated convolution-based module to capture this process. Equipped with the proposed mechanism, the convolution-enhanced evolving attention networks achieve superior performance in various applications, including time-series representation, natural language understanding, machine translation, and image classification. Especially on time-series representation tasks, Evolving Attention-enhanced Dilated Convolutional (EA-DC-) Transformer outperforms state-of-the-art models significantly, achieving an average of 17% improvement compared to the best SOTA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that explicitly models the layer-wise evolution of attention maps. Our implementation is available at https://github.com/pkuyym/EvolvingAttention

参考图像分割（RIS）旨在通过输出给定文本描述的相应对象掩码连接图像和语言，这是一项基本的视觉语言任务。尽管RIS取得了很多进展，但在这项工作中，我们还是探索了一个基本问题：“如果描述是错误的或文本描述的误导怎么办？”。我们将这样的句子称为否定句子。但是，我们发现现有作品无法处理此类设置。为此，我们提出了一种新颖的RIS，称为Robust Robust Toemustring图像分割（R-RIS）。除了定期给出的文本输入外，它还考虑了否定句子输入。我们通过增加输入负面句子和一个新的指标来统一两种输入类型，提出三个不同的数据集。此外，我们设计了一个名为RefSegformer的新的基于变压器的模型，在其中引入了基于令牌的视觉和语言融合模块。通过添加额外的空白令牌，可以轻松地将此类模块扩展到我们的R-RIS设置。我们提出的RefSegormer在三个常规RIS数据集和三个R-RIS数据集上实现了新的最新结果，这是用于进一步研究的新基线。项目页面位于\ url {https://lxtgh.github.io/project/robust_ref_seg/}。

在本文中，我们专注于探索有效的方法，以更快，准确和域的不可知性语义分割。受到相邻视频帧之间运动对齐的光流的启发，我们提出了一个流对齐模块（FAM），以了解相邻级别的特征映射之间的\ textit {语义流}，并将高级特征广播到高分辨率特征有效地，有效地有效。 。此外，将我们的FAM与共同特征的金字塔结构集成在一起，甚至在轻量重量骨干网络（例如Resnet-18和DFNET）上也表现出优于其他实时方法的性能。然后，为了进一步加快推理过程，我们还提出了一个新型的封闭式双流对齐模块，以直接对齐高分辨率特征图和低分辨率特征图，在该图中我们将改进版本网络称为SFNET-LITE。广泛的实验是在几个具有挑战性的数据集上进行的，结果显示了SFNET和SFNET-LITE的有效性。特别是，建议的SFNET-LITE系列在使用RESNET-18主链和78.8 MIOU以120 fps运行的情况下，使用RTX-3090上的STDC主链在120 fps运行时，在60 fps运行时达到80.1 miou。此外，我们将四个具有挑战性的驾驶数据集（即CityScapes，Mapillary，IDD和BDD）统一到一个大数据集中，我们将其命名为Unified Drive细分（UDS）数据集。它包含不同的域和样式信息。我们基准了UDS上的几项代表性作品。 SFNET和SFNET-LITE仍然可以在UDS上取得最佳的速度和准确性权衡，这在如此新的挑战性环境中是强大的基准。所有代码和模型均可在https://github.com/lxtgh/sfsegnets上公开获得。

由生物学进化的动机，本文通过类比与经过验证的实践进化算法（EA）相比，解释了视觉变压器的合理性，并得出了两者都具有一致的数学表述。然后，我们受到有效的EA变体的启发，我们提出了一个新型的金字塔饮食式主链，该主链仅包含拟议的\ emph {ea-ea-lase transformer}（eat）块，该块由三个残留零件组成，\ ie，\ emph {多尺度区域聚集}（msra），\ emph {global and local互动}（GLI）和\ emph {feed-forward Network}（ffn）模块，以分别建模多尺度，交互和个人信息。此外，我们设计了一个与变压器骨架对接的\ emph {与任务相关的头}（TRH），以更灵活地完成最终信息融合，并\ emph {reviv} a \ emph {调制变形MSA}（MD-MSA），以动态模型模型位置。关于图像分类，下游任务和解释性实验的大量定量和定量实验证明了我们方法比最新方法（SOTA）方法的有效性和优越性。 \例如，我们的手机（1.8m），微小（6.1m），小（24.3m）和基地（49.0m）型号达到了69.4、78.4、83.1和83.9的83.9 TOP-1仅在Imagenet-1 K上接受NAIVE训练的TOP-1食谱; Eatformer微型/小型/基本武装面具-R-CNN获得45.4/47.4/49.0盒AP和41.4/42.9/44.2掩膜可可检测，超过当代MPVIT-T，SWIN-T，SWIN-T和SWIN-S，而SWIN-S则是0.6/ 1.4/0.5盒AP和0.4/1.3/0.9掩码AP分别使用较少的拖鞋；我们的Eatformer-small/base在Upernet上获得了47.3/49.3 MIOU，超过Swin-T/S超过2.8/1.7。代码将在\ url {https：//https：//github.com/zhangzjn/eatformer}上提供。

以前的多任务密集预测研究开发了复杂的管道，例如在多个阶段进行多模式蒸馏或为每个任务寻找任务关系上下文。这些方法以外的核心洞察力是最大程度地利用每个任务之间的相互作用。受到最近基于查询的变压器的启发，我们提出了一条更简单的管道，称为Multi-Querti-Transformer（MQTRANSFORMER），该管道配备了来自不同任务的多个查询，以促进多个任务之间的推理并简化交叉任务管道。我们没有在不同任务之间建模每个像素上下文的密集上下文，而是寻求特定于任务的代理，以通过每个查询编码与任务相关的上下文进行编码的多个查询执行交叉任务推理。 MQTRANSFORMER由三个关键组件组成：共享编码器，交叉任务注意和共享解码器。我们首先将每个任务与任务相关且具有比例意识的查询对每个任务进行建模，然后将功能提取器的图像功能输出和与任务相关的查询功能都馈入共享编码器，从而从图像功能中编码查询功能。其次，我们设计了一个交叉任务注意模块，以从两个角度来推理多个任务和特征量表之间的依赖项，包括相同尺度的不同任务和同一任务的不同尺度。然后，我们使用共享解码器逐渐使用来自不同任务的合理查询功能来逐步完善图像功能。对两个密集的预测数据集（NYUD-V2和Pascal-Context）的广泛实验结果表明，该方法是一种有效的方法，并实现了最新结果。

全景部分分割（PPS）旨在将泛型分割和部分分割统一为一个任务。先前的工作主要利用分离的方法来处理事物，物品和部分预测，而无需执行任何共享的计算和任务关联。在这项工作中，我们旨在将这些任务统一在架构层面上，设计第一个名为Panoptic-Partformer的端到端统一方法。特别是，由于视觉变压器的最新进展，我们将事物，内容和部分建模为对象查询，并直接学会优化所有三个预测作为统一掩码的预测和分类问题。我们设计了一个脱钩的解码器，以分别生成零件功能和事物/东西功能。然后，我们建议利用所有查询和相应的特征共同执行推理。最终掩码可以通过查询和相应特征之间的内部产品获得。广泛的消融研究和分析证明了我们框架的有效性。我们的全景局势群体在CityScapes PPS和Pascal Context PPS数据集上实现了新的最新结果，至少有70％的GFLOPS和50％的参数降低。特别是，在Pascal上下文PPS数据集上采用SWIN Transformer后，我们可以通过RESNET50骨干链和10％的改进获得3.4％的相对改进。据我们所知，我们是第一个通过\ textit {统一和端到端变压器模型来解决PPS问题的人。鉴于其有效性和概念上的简单性，我们希望我们的全景贡献者能够充当良好的基准，并帮助未来的PPS统一研究。我们的代码和型号可在https://github.com/lxtgh/panoptic-partformer上找到。