The development of deep learning models in medical image analysis is majorly limited by the lack of large-sized and well-annotated datasets. Unsupervised learning does not require labels and is more suitable for solving medical image analysis problems. However, most of the current unsupervised learning methods need to be applied to large datasets. To make unsupervised learning applicable to small datasets, we proposed Swin MAE, which is a masked autoencoder with Swin Transformer as its backbone. Even on a dataset of only a few thousand medical images and without using any pre-trained models, Swin MAE is still able to learn useful semantic features purely from images. It can equal or even slightly outperform the supervised model obtained by Swin Transformer trained on ImageNet in terms of the transfer learning results of downstream tasks. The code will be publicly available soon.

与自然图像相比，医学图像很难获取，标签成本很高。作为一种无监督的学习方法，对比学习可以更有效地利用未标记的医学图像。在本文中，我们使用了一种基于变压器的对比学习方法，并通过转移学习创新了对比度学习网络。然后，将输出模型转移到下游腮腺分割任务，该任务改善了测试集上腮腺分割模型的性能。改善的DSC为89.60％，MPA为99.36％，MIOU为85.11％，HD为2.98。与使用监督学习模型作为腮腺分割网络的预训练模型的结果相比，所有四个指标均显示出显着改善。此外，我们发现，通过对比度学习模型对细分网络的改进主要在编码器部分中，因此本文还试图为解码器部分构建对比度学习网络，并讨论了在构建过程中遇到的问题。

多臂强盗（MAB）问题是增强学习领域中广泛研究的模型。本文考虑了经典mAB模型的两个案例 - 灯塔奖励分布和重尾。对于轻尾（即次高斯）案件，我们提出了UCB1-LT政策，实现了遗憾增长命令的最佳$ O（\ log t）$。对于重尾案，我们介绍了扩展的强大UCB政策，这是Bubeck等人提出的UCB政策的扩展。（2013）和Lattimore（2017）。以前的UCB政策要求在奖励分布的特定时刻了解上限的知识，在某些实际情况下可能很难获得。我们扩展的强大UCB消除了这一要求，同时仍达到最佳的遗憾增长订单$ O（\ log t）$，从而为重型奖励分配提供了扩大的UCB政策应用程序领域。

Due to the lack of depth information of images and poor detection accuracy in monocular 3D object detection, we proposed the instance depth for multi-scale monocular 3D object detection method. Firstly, to enhance the model's processing ability for different scale targets, a multi-scale perception module based on dilated convolution is designed, and the depth features containing multi-scale information are re-refined from both spatial and channel directions considering the inconsistency between feature maps of different scales. Firstly, we designed a multi-scale perception module based on dilated convolution to enhance the model's processing ability for different scale targets. The depth features containing multi-scale information are re-refined from spatial and channel directions considering the inconsistency between feature maps of different scales. Secondly, so as to make the model obtain better 3D perception, this paper proposed to use the instance depth information as an auxiliary learning task to enhance the spatial depth feature of the 3D target and use the sparse instance depth to supervise the auxiliary task. Finally, by verifying the proposed algorithm on the KITTI test set and evaluation set, the experimental results show that compared with the baseline method, the proposed method improves by 5.27\% in AP40 in the car category, effectively improving the detection performance of the monocular 3D object detection algorithm.

当前3D单个对象跟踪方法根据目标模板和搜索区域之间的特征比较来跟踪目标。然而，由于LIDAR扫描中的常见闭塞，因此在严重的稀疏和不完全形状上进行准确的特征比较是不普遍的。在这项工作中，我们利用了第一帧中给出的地面真相边界框作为强大的提示，以增强目标对象的功能描述，以简单而有效的方式实现更准确的功能比较。特别是，我们首先提出BoxCloud，一种信息和强大的表示，以描述使用点对框的关系来描绘对象。我们进一步设计了一个有效的箱子感知功能融合模块，它利用上述BoxCloud进行可靠的功能匹配和嵌入。将提议的一般组件集成到现有型号P2B中，我们构建了一个卓越的盒子感知跟踪器（BAT）。实验证实，我们提出的BAT在基蒂和NUSCENES基准上的大幅度优于先前的最先进，在精度方面取得了15.2％的改善，同时运行速度〜20％。

Deep learning models can achieve high accuracy when trained on large amounts of labeled data. However, real-world scenarios often involve several challenges: Training data may become available in installments, may originate from multiple different domains, and may not contain labels for training. Certain settings, for instance medical applications, often involve further restrictions that prohibit retention of previously seen data due to privacy regulations. In this work, to address such challenges, we study unsupervised segmentation in continual learning scenarios that involve domain shift. To that end, we introduce GarDA (Generative Appearance Replay for continual Domain Adaptation), a generative-replay based approach that can adapt a segmentation model sequentially to new domains with unlabeled data. In contrast to single-step unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA), continual adaptation to a sequence of domains enables leveraging and consolidation of information from multiple domains. Unlike previous approaches in incremental UDA, our method does not require access to previously seen data, making it applicable in many practical scenarios. We evaluate GarDA on two datasets with different organs and modalities, where it substantially outperforms existing techniques.

The development of social media user stance detection and bot detection methods rely heavily on large-scale and high-quality benchmarks. However, in addition to low annotation quality, existing benchmarks generally have incomplete user relationships, suppressing graph-based account detection research. To address these issues, we propose a Multi-Relational Graph-Based Twitter Account Detection Benchmark (MGTAB), the first standardized graph-based benchmark for account detection. To our knowledge, MGTAB was built based on the largest original data in the field, with over 1.55 million users and 130 million tweets. MGTAB contains 10,199 expert-annotated users and 7 types of relationships, ensuring high-quality annotation and diversified relations. In MGTAB, we extracted the 20 user property features with the greatest information gain and user tweet features as the user features. In addition, we performed a thorough evaluation of MGTAB and other public datasets. Our experiments found that graph-based approaches are generally more effective than feature-based approaches and perform better when introducing multiple relations. By analyzing experiment results, we identify effective approaches for account detection and provide potential future research directions in this field. Our benchmark and standardized evaluation procedures are freely available at: https://github.com/GraphDetec/MGTAB.

As one of the prevalent methods to achieve automation systems, Imitation Learning (IL) presents a promising performance in a wide range of domains. However, despite the considerable improvement in policy performance, the corresponding research on the explainability of IL models is still limited. Inspired by the recent approaches in explainable artificial intelligence methods, we proposed a model-agnostic explaining framework for IL models called R2RISE. R2RISE aims to explain the overall policy performance with respect to the frames in demonstrations. It iteratively retrains the black-box IL model from the randomized masked demonstrations and uses the conventional evaluation outcome environment returns as the coefficient to build an importance map. We also conducted experiments to investigate three major questions concerning frames' importance equality, the effectiveness of the importance map, and connections between importance maps from different IL models. The result shows that R2RISE successfully distinguishes important frames from the demonstrations.

Compressed videos often exhibit visually annoying artifacts, known as Perceivable Encoding Artifacts (PEAs), which dramatically degrade video visual quality. Subjective and objective measures capable of identifying and quantifying various types of PEAs are critical in improving visual quality. In this paper, we investigate the influence of four spatial PEAs (i.e. blurring, blocking, bleeding, and ringing) and two temporal PEAs (i.e. flickering and floating) on video quality. For spatial artifacts, we propose a visual saliency model with a low computational cost and higher consistency with human visual perception. In terms of temporal artifacts, self-attention based TimeSFormer is improved to detect temporal artifacts. Based on the six types of PEAs, a quality metric called Saliency-Aware Spatio-Temporal Artifacts Measurement (SSTAM) is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art metrics. We believe that SSTAM will be beneficial for optimizing video coding techniques.

We propose a distributionally robust return-risk model for Markov decision processes (MDPs) under risk and reward ambiguity. The proposed model optimizes the weighted average of mean and percentile performances, and it covers the distributionally robust MDPs and the distributionally robust chance-constrained MDPs (both under reward ambiguity) as special cases. By considering that the unknown reward distribution lies in a Wasserstein ambiguity set, we derive the tractable reformulation for our model. In particular, we show that that the return-risk model can also account for risk from uncertain transition kernel when one only seeks deterministic policies, and that a distributionally robust MDP under the percentile criterion can be reformulated as its nominal counterpart at an adjusted risk level. A scalable first-order algorithm is designed to solve large-scale problems, and we demonstrate the advantages of our proposed model and algorithm through numerical experiments.