近年来，边缘计算设备和人工智能应用程序的数量过多。在边缘计算中，决策过程和计算从服务器转移到边缘设备。因此，需要便宜和低电源设备。 FPGA具有非常低的功率，倾向于进行平行操作和用于运行卷积神经网络（CNN）的非常合适的设备，这是人工智能应用程序的基本单位。监视系统上的面部检测是安全市场上最期待的应用。在这项工作中，重新设计了Tinyyolov3体系结构并部署了面部检测。它是一种基于CNN的对象检测方法，并为嵌入式系统开发。 Pynq-Z2被选为具有低端Xilinx Zynq 7020 System-On-Chip（SOC）的目标板。重新设计的TinyYolov3模型是用Brevitas库以许多位宽度精度定义的，Brevitas库将基本的CNN层和激活以整数量化形式。然后，使用宽面数据集对模型进行了量化结构的训练。为了减少延迟和功耗，FPGA的ONCHIP内存被配置为整个网络参数的存储，最后一个激活函数被修改为重新定制的Harttanh而不是Sigmoid。同样，高度的并行性应用于FPGA的逻辑资源。使用FINN Framework和Finn-HLS库将模型转换为基于HLS的应用程序，其中包括C ++中的图层定义。后来，该模型被合成和部署。 SOC的CPU采用多线程机制，负责预处理，后处理和TCP/IP流操作。因此，使用4位精确模型可实现2.4瓦总板的功耗，每秒18帧（FPS）吞吐量和0.757地图精度率。

实际上，面部识别应用由两个主要步骤组成：面部检测和特征提取。在唯一的基于视觉的解决方案中，第一步通过摄入相机流来生成单个身份的多个检测。边缘设备的实用方法应优先考虑这些身份根据其识别的一致性。从这个角度来看，我们通过将单层附加到面部标志性检测网络来提出面部质量得分回归。几乎没有额外的成本，可以通过训练单层以通过增强等监视来回归识别得分来获得面部质量得分。我们通过所有面部检测管道步骤，包括检测，跟踪和对齐方式，在Edge GPU上实施了建议的方法。全面的实验表明，通过与SOTA面部质量回归模型进行比较，在不同的数据集和现实生活中，提出的方法的效率。

Researchers are doing intensive work on satellite images due to the information it contains with the development of computer vision algorithms and the ease of accessibility to satellite images. Building segmentation of satellite images can be used for many potential applications such as city, agricultural, and communication network planning. However, since no dataset exists for every region, the model trained in a region must gain generality. In this study, we trained several models in China and post-processing work was done on the best model selected among them. These models are evaluated in the Chicago region of the INRIA dataset. As can be seen from the results, although state-of-art results in this area have not been achieved, the results are promising. We aim to present our initial experimental results of a building segmentation from satellite images in this study.

This paper presents the preliminary findings of a semi-supervised segmentation method for extracting roads from sattelite images. Artificial Neural Networks and image segmentation methods are among the most successful methods for extracting road data from satellite images. However, these models require large amounts of training data from different regions to achieve high accuracy rates. In cases where this data needs to be of more quantity or quality, it is a standard method to train deep neural networks by transferring knowledge from annotated data obtained from different sources. This study proposes a method that performs path segmentation with semi-supervised learning methods. A semi-supervised field adaptation method based on pseudo-labeling and Minimum Class Confusion method has been proposed, and it has been observed to increase performance in targeted datasets.

Extracting building heights from satellite images is an active research area used in many fields such as telecommunications, city planning, etc. Many studies utilize DSM (Digital Surface Models) generated with lidars or stereo images for this purpose. Predicting the height of the buildings using only RGB images is challenging due to the insufficient amount of data, low data quality, variations of building types, different angles of light and shadow, etc. In this study, we present an instance segmentation-based building height extraction method to predict building masks with their respective heights from a single RGB satellite image. We used satellite images with building height annotations of certain cities along with an open-source satellite dataset with the transfer learning approach. We reached, the bounding box mAP 59, the mask mAP 52.6, and the average accuracy value of 70% for buildings belonging to each height class in our test set.

The promise of Mobile Health (mHealth) is the ability to use wearable sensors to monitor participant physiology at high frequencies during daily life to enable temporally-precise health interventions. However, a major challenge is frequent missing data. Despite a rich imputation literature, existing techniques are ineffective for the pulsative signals which comprise many mHealth applications, and a lack of available datasets has stymied progress. We address this gap with PulseImpute, the first large-scale pulsative signal imputation challenge which includes realistic mHealth missingness models, an extensive set of baselines, and clinically-relevant downstream tasks. Our baseline models include a novel transformer-based architecture designed to exploit the structure of pulsative signals. We hope that PulseImpute will enable the ML community to tackle this significant and challenging task.

As Artificial and Robotic Systems are increasingly deployed and relied upon for real-world applications, it is important that they exhibit the ability to continually learn and adapt in dynamically-changing environments, becoming Lifelong Learning Machines. Continual/lifelong learning (LL) involves minimizing catastrophic forgetting of old tasks while maximizing a model's capability to learn new tasks. This paper addresses the challenging lifelong reinforcement learning (L2RL) setting. Pushing the state-of-the-art forward in L2RL and making L2RL useful for practical applications requires more than developing individual L2RL algorithms; it requires making progress at the systems-level, especially research into the non-trivial problem of how to integrate multiple L2RL algorithms into a common framework. In this paper, we introduce the Lifelong Reinforcement Learning Components Framework (L2RLCF), which standardizes L2RL systems and assimilates different continual learning components (each addressing different aspects of the lifelong learning problem) into a unified system. As an instantiation of L2RLCF, we develop a standard API allowing easy integration of novel lifelong learning components. We describe a case study that demonstrates how multiple independently-developed LL components can be integrated into a single realized system. We also introduce an evaluation environment in order to measure the effect of combining various system components. Our evaluation environment employs different LL scenarios (sequences of tasks) consisting of Starcraft-2 minigames and allows for the fair, comprehensive, and quantitative comparison of different combinations of components within a challenging common evaluation environment.

Antrophonegic pressure (i.e. human influence) on the environment is one of the largest causes of the loss of biological diversity. Wilderness areas, in contrast, are home to undisturbed ecological processes. However, there is no biophysical definition of the term wilderness. Instead, wilderness is more of a philosophical or cultural concept and thus cannot be easily delineated or categorized in a technical manner. With this paper, (i) we introduce the task of wilderness mapping by means of machine learning applied to satellite imagery (ii) and publish MapInWild, a large-scale benchmark dataset curated for that task. MapInWild is a multi-modal dataset and comprises various geodata acquired and formed from a diverse set of Earth observation sensors. The dataset consists of 8144 images with a shape of 1920 x 1920 pixels and is approximately 350 GB in size. The images are weakly annotated with three classes derived from the World Database of Protected Areas - Strict Nature Reserves, Wilderness Areas, and National Parks. With the dataset, which shall serve as a testbed for developments in fields such as explainable machine learning and environmental remote sensing, we hope to contribute to a deepening of our understanding of the question "What makes nature wild?".

Transfer Learning methods are widely used in satellite image segmentation problems and improve performance upon classical supervised learning methods. In this study, we present a semantic segmentation method that allows us to make land cover maps by using transfer learning methods. We compare models trained in low-resolution images with insufficient data for the targeted region or zoom level. In order to boost performance on target data we experiment with models trained with unsupervised, semi-supervised and supervised transfer learning approaches, including satellite images from public datasets and other unlabeled sources. According to experimental results, transfer learning improves segmentation performance 3.4% MIoU (Mean Intersection over Union) in rural regions and 12.9% MIoU in urban regions. We observed that transfer learning is more effective when two datasets share a comparable zoom level and are labeled with identical rules; otherwise, semi-supervised learning is more effective by using the data as unlabeled. In addition, experiments showed that HRNet outperformed building segmentation approaches in multi-class segmentation.

We present a data-driven framework to automate the vectorization and machine interpretation of 2D engineering part drawings. In industrial settings, most manufacturing engineers still rely on manual reads to identify the topological and manufacturing requirements from drawings submitted by designers. The interpretation process is laborious and time-consuming, which severely inhibits the efficiency of part quotation and manufacturing tasks. While recent advances in image-based computer vision methods have demonstrated great potential in interpreting natural images through semantic segmentation approaches, the application of such methods in parsing engineering technical drawings into semantically accurate components remains a significant challenge. The severe pixel sparsity in engineering drawings also restricts the effective featurization of image-based data-driven methods. To overcome these challenges, we propose a deep learning based framework that predicts the semantic type of each vectorized component. Taking a raster image as input, we vectorize all components through thinning, stroke tracing, and cubic bezier fitting. Then a graph of such components is generated based on the connectivity between the components. Finally, a graph convolutional neural network is trained on this graph data to identify the semantic type of each component. We test our framework in the context of semantic segmentation of text, dimension and, contour components in engineering drawings. Results show that our method yields the best performance compared to recent image, and graph-based segmentation methods.