随机通用的线性匪徒是针对顺序决策问题的一个很好理解的模型，许多算法在立即反馈下实现了近乎最佳的遗憾。但是，在许多现实世界中，立即观察奖励的要求不适用。在这种情况下，不再理解标准算法。我们通过在选择动作和获得奖励之间引入延迟，以理论方式研究延迟奖励的现象。随后，我们表明，基于乐观原则的算法通过消除对决策集和延迟的延迟分布和放松假设的需要，从而改善了本设置的现有方法。这也导致从$ \ widetilde o（\ sqrt {dt} \ sqrt {d + \ mathbb {e} [\ tau]}）$改善遗憾保证。 ^{3/2} \ mathbb {e} [\ tau]）$，其中$ \ mathbb {e} [\ tau] $表示预期的延迟，$ d $是尺寸，$ t $ t $ the Time Horizo​​n，我们我们抑制了对数术语。我们通过对模拟数据进行实验来验证我们的理论结果。

我们提出了一种变分贝叶斯比例危险模型，用于预测和可变选择的关于高维存活数据。我们的方法基于平均场变分近似，克服了MCMC的高计算成本，而保留有用的特征，提供优异的点估计，并通过后夹层概念提供可变选择的自然机制。我们提出的方法的性能通过广泛的仿真进行评估，并与其他最先进的贝叶斯变量选择方法进行比较，展示了可比或更好的性能。最后，我们展示了如何在两个转录组数据集上使用所提出的方法进行审查的生存结果，其中我们识别具有预先存在的生物解释的基因。

有许多可用于情节增强学习的有效算法。然而，这些算法是在假设与每个剧集相关的状态，动作和奖励的序列立即到达的假设之下，允许在与环境的各个交互之后进行策略更新。这种假设在实践中通常是不现实的，特别是在诸如医疗保健和在线推荐等领域。在本文中，我们研究了延迟反馈对近几种可释放有效算法的影响，以便在情节增强学习中遗工最小化。首先，一旦新的反馈可用，我们会考虑更新策略。使用此更新方案，我们表明遗憾的是涉及状态，措施，发作长度和预期延迟的数量的附加术语增加。这种添加剂术语根据乐观选择算法而变化。我们还表明，更新的更新政策可能会导致对延迟遗憾的改进依赖。

Remote sensing imagery provides comprehensive views of the Earth, where different sensors collect complementary data at different spatial scales. Large, pretrained models are commonly finetuned with imagery that is heavily augmented to mimic different conditions and scales, with the resulting models used for various tasks with imagery from a range of spatial scales. Such models overlook scale-specific information in the data. In this paper, we present Scale-MAE, a pretraining method that explicitly learns relationships between data at different, known scales throughout the pretraining process. Scale-MAE pretrains a network by masking an input image at a known input scale, where the area of the Earth covered by the image determines the scale of the ViT positional encoding, not the image resolution. Scale-MAE encodes the masked image with a standard ViT backbone, and then decodes the masked image through a bandpass filter to reconstruct low/high frequency images at lower/higher scales. We find that tasking the network with reconstructing both low/high frequency images leads to robust multiscale representations for remote sensing imagery. Scale-MAE achieves an average of a $5.0\%$ non-parametric kNN classification improvement across eight remote sensing datasets compared to current state-of-the-art and obtains a $0.9$ mIoU to $3.8$ mIoU improvement on the SpaceNet building segmentation transfer task for a range of evaluation scales.

Anomaly detection on time series data is increasingly common across various industrial domains that monitor metrics in order to prevent potential accidents and economic losses. However, a scarcity of labeled data and ambiguous definitions of anomalies can complicate these efforts. Recent unsupervised machine learning methods have made remarkable progress in tackling this problem using either single-timestamp predictions or time series reconstructions. While traditionally considered separately, these methods are not mutually exclusive and can offer complementary perspectives on anomaly detection. This paper first highlights the successes and limitations of prediction-based and reconstruction-based methods with visualized time series signals and anomaly scores. We then propose AER (Auto-encoder with Regression), a joint model that combines a vanilla auto-encoder and an LSTM regressor to incorporate the successes and address the limitations of each method. Our model can produce bi-directional predictions while simultaneously reconstructing the original time series by optimizing a joint objective function. Furthermore, we propose several ways of combining the prediction and reconstruction errors through a series of ablation studies. Finally, we compare the performance of the AER architecture against two prediction-based methods and three reconstruction-based methods on 12 well-known univariate time series datasets from NASA, Yahoo, Numenta, and UCR. The results show that AER has the highest averaged F1 score across all datasets (a 23.5% improvement compared to ARIMA) while retaining a runtime similar to its vanilla auto-encoder and regressor components. Our model is available in Orion, an open-source benchmarking tool for time series anomaly detection.

We present an update on the current architecture of the Zoea knowledge-based, Composable Inductive Programming system. The Zoea compiler is built using a modern variant of the black-board architecture. Zoea integrates a large number of knowledge sources that encode different aspects of programming language and software development expertise. We describe the use of synthetic test cases as a ubiquitous form of knowledge and hypothesis representation that sup-ports a variety of reasoning strategies. Some future plans are also outlined.

Quantum machine learning (QML) has received increasing attention due to its potential to outperform classical machine learning methods in various problems. A subclass of QML methods is quantum generative adversarial networks (QGANs) which have been studied as a quantum counterpart of classical GANs widely used in image manipulation and generation tasks. The existing work on QGANs is still limited to small-scale proof-of-concept examples based on images with significant down-scaling. Here we integrate classical and quantum techniques to propose a new hybrid quantum-classical GAN framework. We demonstrate its superior learning capabilities by generating $28 \times 28$ pixels grey-scale images without dimensionality reduction or classical pre/post-processing on multiple classes of the standard MNIST and Fashion MNIST datasets, which achieves comparable results to classical frameworks with 3 orders of magnitude less trainable generator parameters. To gain further insight into the working of our hybrid approach, we systematically explore the impact of its parameter space by varying the number of qubits, the size of image patches, the number of layers in the generator, the shape of the patches and the choice of prior distribution. Our results show that increasing the quantum generator size generally improves the learning capability of the network. The developed framework provides a foundation for future design of QGANs with optimal parameter set tailored for complex image generation tasks.

Datasets for training recommender systems are often subject to distribution shift induced by users' and recommenders' selection biases. In this paper, we study the impact of selection bias on datasets with different quantization. We then leverage two differently quantized datasets from different source distributions to mitigate distribution shift by applying the inverse probability scoring method from causal inference. Empirically, our approach gains significant performance improvement over single-dataset methods and alternative ways of combining two datasets.

There has been great recent advancement in human-computer chat. However, proper evaluation currently requires human judgements that produce notoriously high-variance metrics due to their inherent subjectivity. Furthermore, there is little standardization in the methods and labels used for evaluation, with an overall lack of work to compare and assess the validity of various evaluation approaches. As a consequence, existing evaluation results likely leave an incomplete picture of the strengths and weaknesses of open-domain chatbots. We aim towards a dimensional evaluation of human-computer chat that can reliably measure several distinct aspects of chat quality. To this end, we present our novel human evaluation method that quantifies the rate of several quality-related chatbot behaviors. Our results demonstrate our method to be more suitable for dimensional chat evaluation than alternative likert-style or comparative methods. We then use our validated method and existing methods to evaluate four open-domain chat models from the recent literature.

Increasingly taking place in online spaces, modern political conversations are typically perceived to be unproductively affirming -- siloed in so called ``echo chambers'' of exclusively like-minded discussants. Yet, to date we lack sufficient means to measure viewpoint diversity in conversations. To this end, in this paper, we operationalize two viewpoint metrics proposed for recommender systems and adapt them to the context of social media conversations. This is the first study to apply these two metrics (Representation and Fragmentation) to real world data and to consider the implications for online conversations specifically. We apply these measures to two topics -- daylight savings time (DST), which serves as a control, and the more politically polarized topic of immigration. We find that the diversity scores for both Fragmentation and Representation are lower for immigration than for DST. Further, we find that while pro-immigrant views receive consistent pushback on the platform, anti-immigrant views largely operate within echo chambers. We observe less severe yet similar patterns for DST. Taken together, Representation and Fragmentation paint a meaningful and important new picture of viewpoint diversity.