我们提出了Diffustereo，这是一种仅使用稀疏相机（在这项工作中8）进行高质量3D人类重建的新型系统。其核心是一种新型基于扩散的立体声模块，该模块将扩散模型（一种强大的生成模型）引入迭代立体声匹配网络中。为此，我们设计了一个新的扩散内核和其他立体限制，以促进网络中的立体声匹配和深度估计。我们进一步提出了一个多级立体声网络体系结构，以处理高分辨率（最多4K）输入，而无需无法负担的内存足迹。考虑到人类的一组稀疏视图颜色图像，提出的基于多级扩散的立体声网络可以产生高准确的深度图，然后通过有效的多视图融合策略将其转换为高质量的3D人类模型。总体而言，我们的方法可以自动重建人类模型，其质量是高端密集摄像头钻机，这是使用更轻巧的硬件设置来实现的。实验表明，我们的方法在定性和定量上都优于最先进的方法。

我们提出了FITE，这是一种对服装中的人体化身进行建模的第一刻度框架。我们的框架首先学习了代表粗衣拓扑的隐式表面模板，然后采用模板来指导点集的产生，从而进一步捕获姿势依赖的服装变形，例如皱纹。我们的管道结合了隐式和明确表示的优点，即处理变化拓扑的能力以及有效捕获细节的能力。我们还提出了扩散的皮肤，以促进模板训练，尤其是用于宽松衣服的模板训练，以及基于投影的姿势编码，以从网格模板中提取姿势信息，而无需预定义的紫外线图或连接性。我们的代码可在https://github.com/jsnln/fite上公开获取。

我们介绍了Doublefield，这是一个新颖的框架，结合了高保真人体重建和渲染的表面场和辐射场的优点。在DoubleField中，表面字段和辐射字段通过共享特征嵌入和表面引导采样策略相关联。此外，将视图到视图变压器被引入熔丝多视图特征，并直接从高分辨率输入学习视图依赖性功能。通过DoubleField和视图到视图变压器的建模功能，我们的方法显着提高了几何形状和外观的重建质量，同时支持直接推理，现场特定的高分辨率FineTuning和快速渲染。 Doublefield的功效通过多个数据集的定量评估和真实世界稀疏多视图系统的定性结果验证，显示了其高质量人体模型重建和光学真实自由观点人类渲染的优异能力。数据和源代码将公开用于研究目的。请参阅我们的项目页面：http：//www.liuyebin.com/dbfield/dbfield.html。

Weakly-supervised object localization aims to indicate the category as well as the scope of an object in an image given only the image-level labels. Most of the existing works are based on Class Activation Mapping (CAM) and endeavor to enlarge the discriminative area inside the activation map to perceive the whole object, yet ignore the co-occurrence confounder of the object and context (e.g., fish and water), which makes the model inspection hard to distinguish object boundaries. Besides, the use of CAM also brings a dilemma problem that the classification and localization always suffer from a performance gap and can not reach their highest accuracy simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a casual knowledge distillation method, dubbed KD-CI-CAM, to address these two under-explored issues in one go. More specifically, we tackle the co-occurrence context confounder problem via causal intervention (CI), which explores the causalities among image features, contexts, and categories to eliminate the biased object-context entanglement in the class activation maps. Based on the de-biased object feature, we additionally propose a multi-teacher causal distillation framework to balance the absorption of classification knowledge and localization knowledge during model training. Extensive experiments on several benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of KD-CI-CAM in learning clear object boundaries from confounding contexts and addressing the dilemma problem between classification and localization performance.

Inferring missing links or detecting spurious ones based on observed graphs, known as link prediction, is a long-standing challenge in graph data analysis. With the recent advances in deep learning, graph neural networks have been used for link prediction and have achieved state-of-the-art performance. Nevertheless, existing methods developed for this purpose are typically discriminative, computing features of local subgraphs around two neighboring nodes and predicting potential links between them from the perspective of subgraph classification. In this formalism, the selection of enclosing subgraphs and heuristic structural features for subgraph classification significantly affects the performance of the methods. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a novel and radically different link prediction algorithm based on the network reconstruction theory, called GraphLP. Instead of sampling positive and negative links and heuristically computing the features of their enclosing subgraphs, GraphLP utilizes the feature learning ability of deep-learning models to automatically extract the structural patterns of graphs for link prediction under the assumption that real-world graphs are not locally isolated. Moreover, GraphLP explores high-order connectivity patterns to utilize the hierarchical organizational structures of graphs for link prediction. Our experimental results on all common benchmark datasets from different applications demonstrate that the proposed method consistently outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. Unlike the discriminative neural network models used for link prediction, GraphLP is generative, which provides a new paradigm for neural-network-based link prediction.

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) is one of the core research areas in mobile and wearable computing. With the application of deep learning (DL) techniques such as CNN, recognizing periodic or static activities (e.g, walking, lying, cycling, etc.) has become a well studied problem. What remains a major challenge though is the sporadic activity recognition (SAR) problem, where activities of interest tend to be non periodic, and occur less frequently when compared with the often large amount of irrelevant background activities. Recent works suggested that sequential DL models (such as LSTMs) have great potential for modeling nonperiodic behaviours, and in this paper we studied some LSTM training strategies for SAR. Specifically, we proposed two simple yet effective LSTM variants, namely delay model and inverse model, for two SAR scenarios (with and without time critical requirement). For time critical SAR, the delay model can effectively exploit predefined delay intervals (within tolerance) in form of contextual information for improved performance. For regular SAR task, the second proposed, inverse model can learn patterns from the time series in an inverse manner, which can be complementary to the forward model (i.e.,LSTM), and combining both can boost the performance. These two LSTM variants are very practical, and they can be deemed as training strategies without alteration of the LSTM fundamentals. We also studied some additional LSTM training strategies, which can further improve the accuracy. We evaluated our models on two SAR and one non-SAR datasets, and the promising results demonstrated the effectiveness of our approaches in HAR applications.

Occupancy information is useful for efficient energy management in the building sector. The massive high-resolution electrical power consumption data collected by smart meters in the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) network make it possible to infer buildings' occupancy status in a non-intrusive way. In this paper, we propose a deep leaning model called ABODE-Net which employs a novel Parallel Attention (PA) block for building occupancy detection using smart meter data. The PA block combines the temporal, variable, and channel attention modules in a parallel way to signify important features for occupancy detection. We adopt two smart meter datasets widely used for building occupancy detection in our performance evaluation. A set of state-of-the-art shallow machine learning and deep learning models are included for performance comparison. The results show that ABODE-Net significantly outperforms other models in all experimental cases, which proves its validity as a solution for non-intrusive building occupancy detection.

Despite recent progress towards scaling up multimodal vision-language models, these models are still known to struggle on compositional generalization benchmarks such as Winoground. We find that a critical component lacking from current vision-language models is relation-level alignment: the ability to match directional semantic relations in text (e.g., "mug in grass") with spatial relationships in the image (e.g., the position of the mug relative to the grass). To tackle this problem, we show that relation alignment can be enforced by encouraging the directed language attention from 'mug' to 'grass' (capturing the semantic relation 'in') to match the directed visual attention from the mug to the grass. Tokens and their corresponding objects are softly identified using the cross-modal attention. We prove that this notion of soft relation alignment is equivalent to enforcing congruence between vision and language attention matrices under a 'change of basis' provided by the cross-modal attention matrix. Intuitively, our approach projects visual attention into the language attention space to calculate its divergence from the actual language attention, and vice versa. We apply our Cross-modal Attention Congruence Regularization (CACR) loss to UNITER and improve on the state-of-the-art approach to Winoground.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

Human modeling and relighting are two fundamental problems in computer vision and graphics, where high-quality datasets can largely facilitate related research. However, most existing human datasets only provide multi-view human images captured under the same illumination. Although valuable for modeling tasks, they are not readily used in relighting problems. To promote research in both fields, in this paper, we present UltraStage, a new 3D human dataset that contains more than 2K high-quality human assets captured under both multi-view and multi-illumination settings. Specifically, for each example, we provide 32 surrounding views illuminated with one white light and two gradient illuminations. In addition to regular multi-view images, gradient illuminations help recover detailed surface normal and spatially-varying material maps, enabling various relighting applications. Inspired by recent advances in neural representation, we further interpret each example into a neural human asset which allows novel view synthesis under arbitrary lighting conditions. We show our neural human assets can achieve extremely high capture performance and are capable of representing fine details such as facial wrinkles and cloth folds. We also validate UltraStage in single image relighting tasks, training neural networks with virtual relighted data from neural assets and demonstrating realistic rendering improvements over prior arts. UltraStage will be publicly available to the community to stimulate significant future developments in various human modeling and rendering tasks.