Ensemble learning serves as a straightforward way to improve the performance of almost any machine learning algorithm. Existing deep ensemble methods usually naively train many different models and then aggregate their predictions. This is not optimal in our view from two aspects: i) Naively training multiple models adds much more computational burden, especially in the deep learning era; ii) Purely optimizing each base model without considering their interactions limits the diversity of ensemble and performance gains. We tackle these issues by proposing deep negative correlation classification (DNCC), in which the accuracy and diversity trade-off is systematically controlled by decomposing the loss function seamlessly into individual accuracy and the correlation between individual models and the ensemble. DNCC yields a deep classification ensemble where the individual estimator is both accurate and negatively correlated. Thanks to the optimized diversities, DNCC works well even when utilizing a shared network backbone, which significantly improves its efficiency when compared with most existing ensemble systems. Extensive experiments on multiple benchmark datasets and network structures demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.

How to identify and segment camouflaged objects from the background is challenging. Inspired by the multi-head self-attention in Transformers, we present a simple masked separable attention (MSA) for camouflaged object detection. We first separate the multi-head self-attention into three parts, which are responsible for distinguishing the camouflaged objects from the background using different mask strategies. Furthermore, we propose to capture high-resolution semantic representations progressively based on a simple top-down decoder with the proposed MSA to attain precise segmentation results. These structures plus a backbone encoder form a new model, dubbed CamoFormer. Extensive experiments show that CamoFormer surpasses all existing state-of-the-art methods on three widely-used camouflaged object detection benchmarks. There are on average around 5% relative improvements over previous methods in terms of S-measure and weighted F-measure.

我们提出Segnext，这是一种简单的卷积网络体系结构，用于语义分割。由于自我注意力在编码空间信息中的效率，基于变压器的最新模型已主导语义分割领域。在本文中，我们表明卷积注意是一种比变形金刚中的自我注意机制更有效的编码上下文信息的方法。通过重新检查成功分割模型所拥有的特征，我们发现了几个关键组件，从而导致分割模型的性能提高。这促使我们设计了一个新型的卷积注意网络，该网络使用廉价的卷积操作。没有铃铛和哨子，我们的Segnext显着提高了先前最先进的方法对流行基准测试的性能，包括ADE20K，CityScapes，Coco-stuff，Pascal VOC，Pascal Context和ISAID。值得注意的是，segnext优于w/ nas-fpn的效率超过lavenet-l2，在帕斯卡VOC 2012测试排行榜上仅使用1/10参数，在Pascal VOC 2012测试排行榜上达到90.6％。平均而言，与具有相同或更少计算的ADE20K数据集上的最新方法相比，Segnext的改进约为2.0％。代码可在https://github.com/uyzhang/jseg（jittor）和https://github.com/visual-cratch-network/segnext（pytorch）获得。

蒙面图像建模（MIM）在各种视觉任务上取得了令人鼓舞的结果。但是，学到的表示形式的有限可区分性表现出来，使一个更强大的视力学习者还有很多值得一试。为了实现这一目标，我们提出了对比度蒙面的自动编码器（CMAE），这是一种新的自我监督的预训练方法，用于学习更全面和有能力的视觉表示。通过详细统一的对比度学习（CL）和掩盖图像模型（MIM），CMAE利用了它们各自的优势，并以强大的实例可辨别性和局部的可感知来学习表示形式。具体而言，CMAE由两个分支组成，其中在线分支是不对称的编码器编码器，而目标分支是动量更新的编码器。在培训期间，在线编码器从蒙面图像的潜在表示中重建了原始图像，以学习整体特征。馈送完整图像的目标编码器通过其在线学习通过对比度学习增强了功能可区分性。为了使CL与MIM兼容，CMAE引入了两个新组件，即用于生成合理的正视图和特征解码器的像素移位，以补充对比度对的特征。多亏了这些新颖的设计，CMAE可以有效地提高了MIM对应物的表示质量和转移性能。 CMAE在图像分类，语义分割和对象检测的高度竞争基准上实现了最先进的性能。值得注意的是，CMAE-BASE在Imagenet上获得了$ 85.3 \％$ $ TOP-1的准确性和$ 52.5 \％$ MIOU的ADE20K，分别超过了$ 0.7 \％\％$ $和$ 1.8 \％$ $。代码将公开可用。

Previous knowledge distillation (KD) methods for object detection mostly focus on feature imitation instead of mimicking the prediction logits due to its inefficiency in distilling the localization information. In this paper, we investigate whether logit mimicking always lags behind feature imitation. Towards this goal, we first present a novel localization distillation (LD) method which can efficiently transfer the localization knowledge from the teacher to the student. Second, we introduce the concept of valuable localization region that can aid to selectively distill the classification and localization knowledge for a certain region. Combining these two new components, for the first time, we show that logit mimicking can outperform feature imitation and the absence of localization distillation is a critical reason for why logit mimicking underperforms for years. The thorough studies exhibit the great potential of logit mimicking that can significantly alleviate the localization ambiguity, learn robust feature representation, and ease the training difficulty in the early stage. We also provide the theoretical connection between the proposed LD and the classification KD, that they share the equivalent optimization effect. Our distillation scheme is simple as well as effective and can be easily applied to both dense horizontal object detectors and rotated object detectors. Extensive experiments on the MS COCO, PASCAL VOC, and DOTA benchmarks demonstrate that our method can achieve considerable AP improvement without any sacrifice on the inference speed. Our source code and pretrained models are publicly available at https://github.com/HikariTJU/LD.

知识蒸馏（KD）目睹了其在物体检测中学习紧凑型号的强大能力。以前的KD方法用于对象检测主要是侧重于模仿仿地区内的深度特征，而不是模仿分类登录，而不是蒸馏定位信息的低效率。在本文中，通过重新制定本地化的知识蒸馏过程，我们提出了一种新的本地化蒸馏（LD）方法，可以有效地将老师的本地化知识转移给学生。此外，我们还启发式介绍了有价值的本地化区域的概念，可以帮助选择性地蒸馏某个地区的语义和本地化知识。第一次结合这两个新组件，我们显示Logit Mimicing可以优于特征模仿和本地化知识蒸馏比蒸馏对象探测器的语义知识更为重要和有效。我们的蒸馏方案简单，有效，可以很容易地应用于不同的致密物体探测器。实验表明，我们的LD可以将GFOCal-Reset-50的AP得分提升，单一规模的1 $ \ Times $培训计划从Coco基准测试中的40.1到42.1，没有任何牺牲品推断速度。我们的源代码和培训的型号在https://github.com/hikaritju/ld公开提供

在这项工作中，我们试图通过设计简单和紧凑的条件领域的逆势培训方法来解决无监督的域适应。我们首先重新审视简单的级联调节策略，其中特征与输出预测连接为鉴别器的输入。我们发现倾斜策略遭受了弱势调节力量。我们进一步证明扩大连接预测的规范可以有效地激励条件域对齐。因此，我们通过将输出预测标准化具有相同的特征的输出预测来改善连接调节，并且派生方法作为归一化输出调节器〜（名词）。然而，对域对齐的原始输出预测的调理，名词遭受目标域的不准确预测。为此，我们建议将原型空间中的跨域特征对齐方式而不是输出空间。将新的原型基于原型的调节与名词相结合，我们将增强方法作为基于原型的归一化输出调节器〜（代词）。对象识别和语义分割的实验表明，名词可以有效地对准域跨域的多模态结构，甚至优于最先进的域侵犯训练方法。与基于原型的调节一起，代词进一步提高了UDA的多个对象识别基准上的名词的适应性能。

We solve the problem of salient object detection by investigating how to expand the role of pooling in convolutional neural networks. Based on the U-shape architecture, we first build a global guidance module (GGM) upon the bottom-up pathway, aiming at providing layers at different feature levels the location information of potential salient objects. We further design a feature aggregation module (FAM) to make the coarse-level semantic information well fused with the fine-level features from the top-down pathway. By adding FAMs after the fusion operations in the topdown pathway, coarse-level features from the GGM can be seamlessly merged with features at various scales. These two pooling-based modules allow the high-level semantic features to be progressively refined, yielding detail enriched saliency maps. Experiment results show that our proposed approach can more accurately locate the salient objects with sharpened details and hence substantially improve the performance compared to the previous state-of-the-arts. Our approach is fast as well and can run at a speed of more than 30 FPS when processing a 300 × 400 image. Code can be found at http://mmcheng.net/poolnet/.

Recent progress on salient object detection is substantial, benefiting mostly from the explosive development of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Semantic segmentation and salient object detection algorithms developed lately have been mostly based on Fully Convolutional Neural Networks (FCNs). There is still a large room for improvement over the generic FCN models that do not explicitly deal with the scale-space problem. Holistically-Nested Edge Detector (HED) provides a skip-layer structure with deep supervision for edge and boundary detection, but the performance gain of HED on saliency detection is not obvious. In this paper, we propose a new salient object detection method by introducing short connections to the skip-layer structures within the HED architecture. Our framework takes full advantage of multi-level and multi-scale features extracted from FCNs, providing more advanced representations at each layer, a property that is critically needed to perform segment detection. Our method produces state-of-theart results on 5 widely tested salient object detection benchmarks, with advantages in terms of efficiency (0.08 seconds per image), effectiveness, and simplicity over the existing algorithms. Beyond that, we conduct an exhaustive analysis on the role of training data on performance. Our experimental results provide a more reasonable and powerful training set for future research and fair comparisons.

In the field of cross-modal retrieval, single encoder models tend to perform better than dual encoder models, but they suffer from high latency and low throughput. In this paper, we present a dual encoder model called BagFormer that utilizes a cross modal interaction mechanism to improve recall performance without sacrificing latency and throughput. BagFormer achieves this through the use of bag-wise interactions, which allow for the transformation of text to a more appropriate granularity and the incorporation of entity knowledge into the model. Our experiments demonstrate that BagFormer is able to achieve results comparable to state-of-the-art single encoder models in cross-modal retrieval tasks, while also offering efficient training and inference with 20.72 times lower latency and 25.74 times higher throughput.