在这项工作中，我们将注意力集中在数据分布与基于Q学基于Q学基于函数近似之间的相互作用的研究。我们提供了一个理论和实证分析，以及为什么数据分布的不同性质可以有助于调节算法不稳定性的来源。首先，我们重新审视近似动态编程算法性能的理论界限。其次，我们提供了一种新型的四态MDP，突出了在线和离线设置中具有功能近似的Q学习算法的数据分布的影响。最后，我们通过实验评估数据分布属性在离线深度Q网算法的性能中的影响。我们的结果表明：（i）数据分布需要拥有某些属性，以便在离线设置中鲁棒地学习，即距离MDP的最佳策略和高覆盖范围内的分布在状态 - 动作空间上的低距离; （ii）高熵数据分布可以有助于减轻算法不稳定性的来源。

Stress has a great effect on people's lives that can not be understated. While it can be good, since it helps humans to adapt to new and different situations, it can also be harmful when not dealt with properly, leading to chronic stress. The objective of this paper is developing a stress monitoring solution, that can be used in real life, while being able to tackle this challenge in a positive way. The SMILE data set was provided to team Anxolotl, and all it was needed was to develop a robust model. We developed a supervised learning model for classification in Python, presenting the final result of 64.1% in accuracy and a f1-score of 54.96%. The resulting solution stood the robustness test, presenting low variation between runs, which was a major point for it's possible integration in the Anxolotl app in the future.

Video segmentation consists of a frame-by-frame selection process of meaningful areas related to foreground moving objects. Some applications include traffic monitoring, human tracking, action recognition, efficient video surveillance, and anomaly detection. In these applications, it is not rare to face challenges such as abrupt changes in weather conditions, illumination issues, shadows, subtle dynamic background motions, and also camouflage effects. In this work, we address such shortcomings by proposing a novel deep learning video segmentation approach that incorporates residual information into the foreground detection learning process. The main goal is to provide a method capable of generating an accurate foreground detection given a grayscale video. Experiments conducted on the Change Detection 2014 and on the private dataset PetrobrasROUTES from Petrobras support the effectiveness of the proposed approach concerning some state-of-the-art video segmentation techniques, with overall F-measures of $\mathbf{0.9535}$ and $\mathbf{0.9636}$ in the Change Detection 2014 and PetrobrasROUTES datasets, respectively. Such a result places the proposed technique amongst the top 3 state-of-the-art video segmentation methods, besides comprising approximately seven times less parameters than its top one counterpart.

Scene change detection is an image processing problem related to partitioning pixels of a digital image into foreground and background regions. Mostly, visual knowledge-based computer intelligent systems, like traffic monitoring, video surveillance, and anomaly detection, need to use change detection techniques. Amongst the most prominent detection methods, there are the learning-based ones, which besides sharing similar training and testing protocols, differ from each other in terms of their architecture design strategies. Such architecture design directly impacts on the quality of the detection results, and also in the device resources capacity, like memory. In this work, we propose a novel Multiscale Cascade Residual Convolutional Neural Network that integrates multiscale processing strategy through a Residual Processing Module, with a Segmentation Convolutional Neural Network. Experiments conducted on two different datasets support the effectiveness of the proposed approach, achieving average overall $\boldsymbol{F\text{-}measure}$ results of $\boldsymbol{0.9622}$ and $\boldsymbol{0.9664}$ over Change Detection 2014 and PetrobrasROUTES datasets respectively, besides comprising approximately eight times fewer parameters. Such obtained results place the proposed technique amongst the top four state-of-the-art scene change detection methods.

Research on remote sensing image classification significantly impacts essential human routine tasks such as urban planning and agriculture. Nowadays, the rapid advance in technology and the availability of many high-quality remote sensing images create a demand for reliable automation methods. The current paper proposes two novel deep learning-based architectures for image classification purposes, i.e., the Discriminant Deep Image Prior Network and the Discriminant Deep Image Prior Network+, which combine Deep Image Prior and Triplet Networks learning strategies. Experiments conducted over three well-known public remote sensing image datasets achieved state-of-the-art results, evidencing the effectiveness of using deep image priors for remote sensing image classification.

Some recent pieces of work in the Machine Learning (ML) literature have demonstrated the usefulness of assessing which observations are hardest to have their label predicted accurately. By identifying such instances, one may inspect whether they have any quality issues that should be addressed. Learning strategies based on the difficulty level of the observations can also be devised. This paper presents a set of meta-features that aim at characterizing which instances of a dataset are hardest to have their label predicted accurately and why they are so, aka instance hardness measures. Both classification and regression problems are considered. Synthetic datasets with different levels of complexity are built and analyzed. A Python package containing all implementations is also provided.

Evaluating new techniques on realistic datasets plays a crucial role in the development of ML research and its broader adoption by practitioners. In recent years, there has been a significant increase of publicly available unstructured data resources for computer vision and NLP tasks. However, tabular data -- which is prevalent in many high-stakes domains -- has been lagging behind. To bridge this gap, we present Bank Account Fraud (BAF), the first publicly available privacy-preserving, large-scale, realistic suite of tabular datasets. The suite was generated by applying state-of-the-art tabular data generation techniques on an anonymized,real-world bank account opening fraud detection dataset. This setting carries a set of challenges that are commonplace in real-world applications, including temporal dynamics and significant class imbalance. Additionally, to allow practitioners to stress test both performance and fairness of ML methods, each dataset variant of BAF contains specific types of data bias. With this resource, we aim to provide the research community with a more realistic, complete, and robust test bed to evaluate novel and existing methods.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

当歌曲创作或演奏时，歌手/词曲作者通常会出现通过它表达感受或情感的意图。对于人类而言，将音乐作品或表演中的情感与观众的主观感知相匹配可能会非常具有挑战性。幸运的是，此问题的机器学习方法更简单。通常，它需要一个数据集，从该数据集中提取音频功能以将此信息呈现给数据驱动的模型，从而又将训练以预测给定歌曲与目标情绪匹配的概率是什么。在本文中，我们研究了最近出版物中最常见的功能和模型来解决此问题，揭示了哪些最适合在无伴奏歌曲中识别情感。

对制造工艺的机器化的需求很大，因此单调劳动。一些需要特定技能的制造任务（焊接，绘画等）缺乏工人。机器人已在这些任务中使用，但是它们的灵活性受到限制，因为它们仍然很难通过非专家编程/重新编程，从而使它们无法访问大多数公司。机器人离线编程（OLP）是可靠的。但是，直接来自CAD/CAM的生成路径不包括代表人类技能的相关参数，例如机器人最终效应器的方向和速度。本文提出了一个直观的机器人编程系统，以捕捉人类制造技能并将其转变为机器人程序。使用连接到工作工具的磁跟踪系统记录人类熟练工人的演示。收集的数据包括工作路径的方向和速度。位置数据是从CAD/CAM中提取的，因为磁跟踪器捕获时的误差很明显。路径姿势在笛卡尔空间中转换，并在模拟环境中进行验证。生成机器人程序并将其转移到真正的机器人。关于玻璃粘合剂应用过程的实验证明了拟议框架捕获人类技能并将其转移到机器人方面的使用和有效性的直觉。