Bayesian Optimization（BO）是全球优化的黑匣子客观功能的方法，这是昂贵的评估。 Bo Powered实验设计在材料科学，化学，实验物理，药物开发等方面发现了广泛的应用。这项工作旨在提请注意应用BO在设计实验中的益处，并提供博手册，涵盖方法和软件，为了方便任何想要申请或学习博的人。特别是，我们简要解释了BO技术，审查BO中的所有应用程序在添加剂制造中，比较和举例说明不同开放BO库的功能，解锁BO的新潜在应用，以外的数据（例如，优先输出）。本文针对读者，了解贝叶斯方法的一些理解，但不一定符合添加剂制造的知识;软件性能概述和实施说明是任何实验设计从业者的乐器。此外，我们在添加剂制造领域的审查突出了博的目前的知识和技术趋势。本文在线拥有补充材料。

群集集群或共识群集已成为一种强大的工具，用于提高各种聚类方法的鲁棒性和结果的稳定性。加权聚类集群自然地从集群集群中产生。加权群集集合的参数之一是聚类集群中的元素（群集或集群）具有不同的质量，或者对象或特征具有不同意义的重要性。但是，不可能直接将加权机制从分类（监督）域中应用于群集（无监督）域，因为群集本质上是一个不存在的问题。本文通过讨论不同类型的权重，确定重量值的主要方法以及将加权聚类集合与复杂数据的应用程序的主要方法概述了加权集群集群集合概述。本文提出的统一框架将有助于聚类从业者为自己的问题选择最合适的加权机制。

Over-parameterization of deep neural networks (DNNs) has shown high prediction accuracy for many applications. Although effective, the large number of parameters hinders its popularity on resource-limited devices and has an outsize environmental impact. Sparse training (using a fixed number of nonzero weights in each iteration) could significantly mitigate the training costs by reducing the model size. However, existing sparse training methods mainly use either random-based or greedy-based drop-and-grow strategies, resulting in local minimal and low accuracy. In this work, to assist explainable sparse training, we propose important weights Exploitation and coverage Exploration to characterize Dynamic Sparse Training (DST-EE), and provide quantitative analysis of these two metrics. We further design an acquisition function and provide the theoretical guarantees for the proposed method and clarify its convergence property. Experimental results show that sparse models (up to 98\% sparsity) obtained by our proposed method outperform the SOTA sparse training methods on a wide variety of deep learning tasks. On VGG-19 / CIFAR-100, ResNet-50 / CIFAR-10, ResNet-50 / CIFAR-100, our method has even higher accuracy than dense models. On ResNet-50 / ImageNet, the proposed method has up to 8.2\% accuracy improvement compared to SOTA sparse training methods.

物联网设备越来越多地通过神经网络模型实施，以启用智能应用程序。从环境环境中收集能源的能源收集（EH）技术是电池可为这些设备供电的有前途的替代方法，因为维护成本较低和能源的广泛可用性。但是，能量收割机提供的功率很低，并且具有不稳定性的固有缺点，因为它随环境环境而变化。本文提出了EVE，EVE是一种自动化机器学习（AUTOML）共同探索框架，以搜索具有共享权重的所需的多模型，以进行能源收集的物联网设备。这些共享模型显着降低了记忆足迹，具有不同级别的模型稀疏性，延迟和准确性，以适应环境变化。进一步开发了有效的实施实施体系结构，以有效地执行设备上的每个模型。提出了一种运行时模型提取算法，该算法在触发特定模型模式时以可忽略的开销检索单个模型。实验结果表明，EVE生成的神经网络模型平均比没有修剪和共享的基线模型快2.5倍倍权重。

随着对深度学习民主化的向往，在资源约束设备上实施基于变压器的自然语言处理（NLP）模型的需求越来越大，以实施低延迟和高准确性。现有的BERT修剪方法要求域专家启发手工制作超参数，以在模型大小，延迟和准确性之间取得平衡。在这项工作中，我们提出了AE-Bert，这是一种具有有效评估的自动和高效的BERT修剪框架，以选择“良好”子网络候选（高精度），鉴于整体修剪比率的约束。我们提出的方法不需要人类专家的经验，并且可以在许多NLP任务上取得更好的准确性能。我们关于一般语言理解评估（胶水）基准的实验结果表明，AE-Bert优于Bert $ _ {\ Mathrm {base}} $的最先进的（SOTA）手工制作的修剪方法。在QNLI和RTE上，我们获得75 \％和42.8％的总体修剪比，同时获得更高的精度。在MRPC上，我们的得分比SOTA高4.6，在相同的整体修剪比为0.5。在STS-B上，与SOTA手工制作的修剪方法相比，我们可以达到40 \％的修剪比，而Spearman相关性的损失非常小。实验结果还表明，在模型压缩之后，单个bert $ _ {\ mathrm {base}} $ coder的推理时间在xilinx alveo u200 fpga板上具有1.83 $ \ times $ speedup，与intel（r）xeon相比）Gold 5218（2.30GHz）CPU，它显示了部署BERT $ _ {\ MATHRM {base}} $模型在计算限制设备上生成的方法生成的子网的合理性。

能量收集（EH）间歇性地运行的IOT设备，与深神经网络（DNN）的进步相结合，为实现可持续智能应用开辟了新的机会。然而，由于有限的资源和间歇电源导致频繁故障的挑战，实现了EH设备上的那些计算和内存密集型智能算法非常困难。为了解决这些挑战，本文提出了一种方法，使得具有用于微小能量收集装置的低能量加速器的超快速深度学习。我们首先提出了一种资源感知结构化DNN训练框架，它采用块循环矩阵与ADMM实现高压缩和模型量化，以利用各种矢量操作加速器的优点。然后提出了一种DNN实现方法，即采用低能量加速器来利用具有较小能耗的最大性能的低能量加速器。最后，我们进一步设计Flex，系统支持在能量收集情况下间歇性计算。来自三种不同DNN模型的实验结果表明RAD，ACE和FLEX可以对能源收集设备进行超快速和正确的推断，该设备可降低高达4.26倍的运行时间，高达7.7倍的能量降低，高精度在最高的状态下艺术。

Masked image modeling (MIM) performs strongly in pre-training large vision Transformers (ViTs). However, small models that are critical for real-world applications cannot or only marginally benefit from this pre-training approach. In this paper, we explore distillation techniques to transfer the success of large MIM-based pre-trained models to smaller ones. We systematically study different options in the distillation framework, including distilling targets, losses, input, network regularization, sequential distillation, etc, revealing that: 1) Distilling token relations is more effective than CLS token- and feature-based distillation; 2) An intermediate layer of the teacher network as target perform better than that using the last layer when the depth of the student mismatches that of the teacher; 3) Weak regularization is preferred; etc. With these findings, we achieve significant fine-tuning accuracy improvements over the scratch MIM pre-training on ImageNet-1K classification, using all the ViT-Tiny, ViT-Small, and ViT-base models, with +4.2%/+2.4%/+1.4% gains, respectively. Our TinyMIM model of base size achieves 52.2 mIoU in AE20K semantic segmentation, which is +4.1 higher than the MAE baseline. Our TinyMIM model of tiny size achieves 79.6% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1K image classification, which sets a new record for small vision models of the same size and computation budget. This strong performance suggests an alternative way for developing small vision Transformer models, that is, by exploring better training methods rather than introducing inductive biases into architectures as in most previous works. Code is available at https://github.com/OliverRensu/TinyMIM.

In this paper, we propose a robust 3D detector, named Cross Modal Transformer (CMT), for end-to-end 3D multi-modal detection. Without explicit view transformation, CMT takes the image and point clouds tokens as inputs and directly outputs accurate 3D bounding boxes. The spatial alignment of multi-modal tokens is performed implicitly, by encoding the 3D points into multi-modal features. The core design of CMT is quite simple while its performance is impressive. CMT obtains 73.0% NDS on nuScenes benchmark. Moreover, CMT has a strong robustness even if the LiDAR is missing. Code will be released at https://github.com/junjie18/CMT.

Dataset distillation has emerged as a prominent technique to improve data efficiency when training machine learning models. It encapsulates the knowledge from a large dataset into a smaller synthetic dataset. A model trained on this smaller distilled dataset can attain comparable performance to a model trained on the original training dataset. However, the existing dataset distillation techniques mainly aim at achieving the best trade-off between resource usage efficiency and model utility. The security risks stemming from them have not been explored. This study performs the first backdoor attack against the models trained on the data distilled by dataset distillation models in the image domain. Concretely, we inject triggers into the synthetic data during the distillation procedure rather than during the model training stage, where all previous attacks are performed. We propose two types of backdoor attacks, namely NAIVEATTACK and DOORPING. NAIVEATTACK simply adds triggers to the raw data at the initial distillation phase, while DOORPING iteratively updates the triggers during the entire distillation procedure. We conduct extensive evaluations on multiple datasets, architectures, and dataset distillation techniques. Empirical evaluation shows that NAIVEATTACK achieves decent attack success rate (ASR) scores in some cases, while DOORPING reaches higher ASR scores (close to 1.0) in all cases. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive ablation study to analyze the factors that may affect the attack performance. Finally, we evaluate multiple defense mechanisms against our backdoor attacks and show that our attacks can practically circumvent these defense mechanisms.

Blind image quality assessment (BIQA) remains challenging due to the diversity of distortion and image content variation, which complicate the distortion patterns crossing different scales and aggravate the difficulty of the regression problem for BIQA. However, existing BIQA methods often fail to consider multi-scale distortion patterns and image content, and little research has been done on learning strategies to make the regression model produce better performance. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective Progressive Multi-Task Image Quality Assessment (PMT-IQA) model, which contains a multi-scale feature extraction module (MS) and a progressive multi-task learning module (PMT), to help the model learn complex distortion patterns and better optimize the regression issue to align with the law of human learning process from easy to hard. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed PMT-IQA model, we conduct experiments on four widely used public datasets, and the experimental results indicate that the performance of PMT-IQA is superior to the comparison approaches, and both MS and PMT modules improve the model's performance.