由于有限的有效载荷能力有限，因此在山区环境中的救援任务几乎无法通过标准的腿部机器人或飞行机器人来实现。我们提出了一个新颖的概念，用于绳索攀岩机器人，该机器人可以谈判最新的斜坡并承担重载的有效载荷。机器人通过绳子固定在山上，并配备了一条腿来推向山上并开始跳跃动作。在跳跃之间，提升机被用来绕/放开绳索，以垂直移动并影响横向运动。这种简单的（但有效）的两倍致动，使系统能够实现高安全性和能源效率。确实，绳索可以防止机器人掉落，同时弥补了大部分重量，从而大大减少了腿部执行器所需的努力。我们还提出了一种最佳控制策略，以生成克服障碍的点对点轨迹。由于使用了自定义简化的机器人模型，我们可以实现快速计算时间（$ <$ 1 s）。我们使用完整的机器人模型验证了凉亭模拟中生成的最佳运动，显示了提出的方法的有效性，并确认了我们概念的兴趣。最后，我们进行了可及性分析，表明可实现的目标区域受到脚壁接触的摩擦特性的强烈影响。

对于腿部机器人，航空动作是唯一可以通过标准运动步态绕过的障碍物的唯一选择。在这些情况下，机器人必须进行飞跃，以跳到障碍物或飞越障碍物上。但是，这些运动代表了一个挑战，因为在飞行阶段\ gls {com}无法控制，并且机器人方向的可控性有限。本文重点介绍了后一个问题，并提出了一个由两个旋转和驱动的质量（飞轮或反应轮）组成的\ gls {ocs}，以获得机器人方向的控制权。由于角动量的保护，即使与地面没有接触，它们的旋转速度也可以调节以引导机器人方向。飞轮的旋转轴设计为入射，导致一个紧凑的方向控制系统，该系统能够控制滚动和俯仰角，考虑到这两个方向的不同惯性矩。我们通过机器人Solo12上的模拟测试了该概念。

模型预测控制（MPC）方法被广泛用于机器人技术，因为它们允许在机器人移动时计算更新的轨迹。他们通常需要启发式参考，以进行跟踪术语和成本功能参数的正确调整，以便获得良好的性能。例如，当腿部机器人必须对环境的干扰（例如，推动后恢复）或以静态不稳定步态跟踪某个目标时，算法的有效性会降解。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个新型基于优化的参考生成器，名为州长，该发电机利用线性倒置的摆模型来计算质量中心的参考轨迹，同时考虑了步态的可能不足（例如，在小跑中）。获得的轨迹用作我们先前工作中提出的非线性MPC成本函数的参考[1]。我们还提出了一个公式，可以保证一定的响应时间达到目​​标，而无需调整成本条款的权重。此外，校正了立足点以将机器人朝目标推动。我们证明了在与Aliengo机器人不同情况下的模拟和实验中，我们的方法的有效性。

在腿的运动中重新规划对于追踪所需的用户速度，在适应地形并拒绝外部干扰的同时至关重要。在这项工作中，我们提出并测试了实验中的实时非线性模型预测控制（NMPC），用于腿部机器人，以实现各种地形上的动态运动。我们引入了一种基于移动性的标准来定义NMPC成本，增强了二次机器人的运动，同时最大化腿部移动性并提高对地形特征的适应。我们的NMPC基于实时迭代方案，使我们能够以25美元的价格重新计划在线，\ Mathrm {Hz} $ 2 $ 2 $ 2美元的预测地平线。我们使用在质量框架中心中定义的单个刚体动态模型，以提高计算效率。在仿真中，测试NMPC以横穿一组不同尺寸的托盘，走进V形烟囱，并在崎岖的地形上招揽。在真实实验中，我们展示了我们的NMPC与移动功能的有效性，使IIT为87美元\，\ Mathrm {kg} $四分之一的机器人HIQ，以实现平坦地形上的全方位步行，横穿静态托盘，并适应在散步期间重新定位托盘。

Existing automated techniques for software documentation typically attempt to reason between two main sources of information: code and natural language. However, this reasoning process is often complicated by the lexical gap between more abstract natural language and more structured programming languages. One potential bridge for this gap is the Graphical User Interface (GUI), as GUIs inherently encode salient information about underlying program functionality into rich, pixel-based data representations. This paper offers one of the first comprehensive empirical investigations into the connection between GUIs and functional, natural language descriptions of software. First, we collect, analyze, and open source a large dataset of functional GUI descriptions consisting of 45,998 descriptions for 10,204 screenshots from popular Android applications. The descriptions were obtained from human labelers and underwent several quality control mechanisms. To gain insight into the representational potential of GUIs, we investigate the ability of four Neural Image Captioning models to predict natural language descriptions of varying granularity when provided a screenshot as input. We evaluate these models quantitatively, using common machine translation metrics, and qualitatively through a large-scale user study. Finally, we offer learned lessons and a discussion of the potential shown by multimodal models to enhance future techniques for automated software documentation.

Background: Image analysis applications in digital pathology include various methods for segmenting regions of interest. Their identification is one of the most complex steps, and therefore of great interest for the study of robust methods that do not necessarily rely on a machine learning (ML) approach. Method: A fully automatic and optimized segmentation process for different datasets is a prerequisite for classifying and diagnosing Indirect ImmunoFluorescence (IIF) raw data. This study describes a deterministic computational neuroscience approach for identifying cells and nuclei. It is far from the conventional neural network approach, but it is equivalent to their quantitative and qualitative performance, and it is also solid to adversative noise. The method is robust, based on formally correct functions, and does not suffer from tuning on specific data sets. Results: This work demonstrates the robustness of the method against the variability of parameters, such as image size, mode, and signal-to-noise ratio. We validated the method on two datasets (Neuroblastoma and NucleusSegData) using images annotated by independent medical doctors. Conclusions: The definition of deterministic and formally correct methods, from a functional to a structural point of view, guarantees the achievement of optimized and functionally correct results. The excellent performance of our deterministic method (NeuronalAlg) to segment cells and nuclei from fluorescence images was measured with quantitative indicators and compared with those achieved by three published ML approaches.

Detecting anomalous data within time series is a very relevant task in pattern recognition and machine learning, with many possible applications that range from disease prevention in medicine, e.g., detecting early alterations of the health status before it can clearly be defined as "illness" up to monitoring industrial plants. Regarding this latter application, detecting anomalies in an industrial plant's status firstly prevents serious damages that would require a long interruption of the production process. Secondly, it permits optimal scheduling of maintenance interventions by limiting them to urgent situations. At the same time, they typically follow a fixed prudential schedule according to which components are substituted well before the end of their expected lifetime. This paper describes a case study regarding the monitoring of the status of Laser-guided Vehicles (LGVs) batteries, on which we worked as our contribution to project SUPER (Supercomputing Unified Platform, Emilia Romagna) aimed at establishing and demonstrating a regional High-Performance Computing platform that is going to represent the main Italian supercomputing environment for both computing power and data volume.

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) achieve state-of-the-art performance on graph-structured data across numerous domains. Their underlying ability to represent nodes as summaries of their vicinities has proven effective for homophilous graphs in particular, in which same-type nodes tend to connect. On heterophilous graphs, in which different-type nodes are likely connected, GNNs perform less consistently, as neighborhood information might be less representative or even misleading. On the other hand, GNN performance is not inferior on all heterophilous graphs, and there is a lack of understanding of what other graph properties affect GNN performance. In this work, we highlight the limitations of the widely used homophily ratio and the recent Cross-Class Neighborhood Similarity (CCNS) metric in estimating GNN performance. To overcome these limitations, we introduce 2-hop Neighbor Class Similarity (2NCS), a new quantitative graph structural property that correlates with GNN performance more strongly and consistently than alternative metrics. 2NCS considers two-hop neighborhoods as a theoretically derived consequence of the two-step label propagation process governing GCN's training-inference process. Experiments on one synthetic and eight real-world graph datasets confirm consistent improvements over existing metrics in estimating the accuracy of GCN- and GAT-based architectures on the node classification task.

Building a quantum analog of classical deep neural networks represents a fundamental challenge in quantum computing. A key issue is how to address the inherent non-linearity of classical deep learning, a problem in the quantum domain due to the fact that the composition of an arbitrary number of quantum gates, consisting of a series of sequential unitary transformations, is intrinsically linear. This problem has been variously approached in the literature, principally via the introduction of measurements between layers of unitary transformations. In this paper, we introduce the Quantum Path Kernel, a formulation of quantum machine learning capable of replicating those aspects of deep machine learning typically associated with superior generalization performance in the classical domain, specifically, hierarchical feature learning. Our approach generalizes the notion of Quantum Neural Tangent Kernel, which has been used to study the dynamics of classical and quantum machine learning models. The Quantum Path Kernel exploits the parameter trajectory, i.e. the curve delineated by model parameters as they evolve during training, enabling the representation of differential layer-wise convergence behaviors, or the formation of hierarchical parametric dependencies, in terms of their manifestation in the gradient space of the predictor function. We evaluate our approach with respect to variants of the classification of Gaussian XOR mixtures - an artificial but emblematic problem that intrinsically requires multilevel learning in order to achieve optimal class separation.

Objective: Accurate visual classification of bladder tissue during Trans-Urethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) procedures is essential to improve early cancer diagnosis and treatment. During TURBT interventions, White Light Imaging (WLI) and Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) techniques are used for lesion detection. Each imaging technique provides diverse visual information that allows clinicians to identify and classify cancerous lesions. Computer vision methods that use both imaging techniques could improve endoscopic diagnosis. We address the challenge of tissue classification when annotations are available only in one domain, in our case WLI, and the endoscopic images correspond to an unpaired dataset, i.e. there is no exact equivalent for every image in both NBI and WLI domains. Method: We propose a semi-surprised Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based method composed of three main components: a teacher network trained on the labeled WLI data; a cycle-consistency GAN to perform unpaired image-to-image translation, and a multi-input student network. To ensure the quality of the synthetic images generated by the proposed GAN we perform a detailed quantitative, and qualitative analysis with the help of specialists. Conclusion: The overall average classification accuracy, precision, and recall obtained with the proposed method for tissue classification are 0.90, 0.88, and 0.89 respectively, while the same metrics obtained in the unlabeled domain (NBI) are 0.92, 0.64, and 0.94 respectively. The quality of the generated images is reliable enough to deceive specialists. Significance: This study shows the potential of using semi-supervised GAN-based classification to improve bladder tissue classification when annotations are limited in multi-domain data.