表征数字图像中的血管对于许多类型的疾病诊断以及辅助关于血管系统的目前的研究是重要的。血管的自动分析通常需要图像中的血管或一组图像中的识别或分割，这通常是一个具有挑战性的任务。已经显示卷积神经网络（CNNS）以提供关于血管分割的优异结果。 CNNS的一个重要方面是它们可以在大量数据上培训，然后例如在图像处理软件中提供以进行广泛使用。然后可以在下游血管表征任务中容易地施加预先训练的CNN，例如血管的长度，曲纹或口径的计算。然而，如果预先训练的CNN可以提供稳健，无偏见，则仍然不清楚，在应用于它们未接受培训的数据集时会导致下游任务。在这里，我们专注于测量血管的曲折性，并调查CNNS的程度，即使在将网络微调到新的数据集之后，CNNS也可以提供偏置曲折值。我们表明，通过在数据集上划痕的CNN获得的CNN获得的曲折度值可能与通过在具有不同曲折统计数据的数据集上进行预先培训的微调网络获得的曲折性值。此外，我们表明，在微调网络时，细分性能的改善并不一定导致对曲折估计的相应改进。为了减轻上述问题，我们也提出了即使在他们没有提高分割性能的情况下也要应用特定的数据增强技术。

ICECUBE是一种用于检测1 GEV和1 PEV之间大气和天体中微子的光学传感器的立方公斤阵列，该阵列已部署1.45 km至2.45 km的南极的冰盖表面以下1.45 km至2.45 km。来自ICE探测器的事件的分类和重建在ICeCube数据分析中起着核心作用。重建和分类事件是一个挑战，这是由于探测器的几何形状，不均匀的散射和冰中光的吸收，并且低于100 GEV的光，每个事件产生的信号光子数量相对较少。为了应对这一挑战，可以将ICECUBE事件表示为点云图形，并将图形神经网络（GNN）作为分类和重建方法。 GNN能够将中微子事件与宇宙射线背景区分开，对不同的中微子事件类型进行分类，并重建沉积的能量，方向和相互作用顶点。基于仿真，我们提供了1-100 GEV能量范围的比较与当前ICECUBE分析中使用的当前最新最大似然技术，包括已知系统不确定性的影响。对于中微子事件分类，与当前的IceCube方法相比，GNN以固定的假阳性速率（FPR）提高了信号效率的18％。另外，GNN在固定信号效率下将FPR的降低超过8（低于半百分比）。对于能源，方向和相互作用顶点的重建，与当前最大似然技术相比，分辨率平均提高了13％-20％。当在GPU上运行时，GNN能够以几乎是2.7 kHz的中位数ICECUBE触发速率的速率处理ICECUBE事件，这打开了在在线搜索瞬态事件中使用低能量中微子的可能性。

预测住宅功率使用对于辅助智能电网来管理和保护能量以确保有效使用的必不可少。客户级别的准确能量预测将直接反映电网系统的效率，但由于许多影响因素，例如气象和占用模式，预测建筑能源使用是复杂的任务。在成瘾中，鉴于多传感器环境的出现以及能量消费者和智能电网之间的两种方式通信，在能量互联网（IOE）中，高维时间序列越来越多地出现。因此，能够计算高维时间序列的方法在智能建筑和IOE应用中具有很大的价值。模糊时间序列（FTS）模型作为数据驱动的非参数模型的易于实现和高精度。不幸的是，如果所有功能用于训练模型，现有的FTS模型可能是不可行的。我们通过将原始高维数据投入低维嵌入空间并在该低维表示中使用多变量FTS方法来提出一种用于处理高维时间序列的新方法。组合这些技术使得能够更好地表示多变量时间序列的复杂内容和更准确的预测。

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) captures cross-sectional data and is used for the screening, monitoring, and treatment planning of retinal diseases. Technological developments to increase the speed of acquisition often results in systems with a narrower spectral bandwidth, and hence a lower axial resolution. Traditionally, image-processing-based techniques have been utilized to reconstruct subsampled OCT data and more recently, deep-learning-based methods have been explored. In this study, we simulate reduced axial scan (A-scan) resolution by Gaussian windowing in the spectral domain and investigate the use of a learning-based approach for image feature reconstruction. In anticipation of the reduced resolution that accompanies wide-field OCT systems, we build upon super-resolution techniques to explore methods to better aid clinicians in their decision-making to improve patient outcomes, by reconstructing lost features using a pixel-to-pixel approach with an altered super-resolution generative adversarial network (SRGAN) architecture.

Traditionally, data analysis and theory have been viewed as separate disciplines, each feeding into fundamentally different types of models. Modern deep learning technology is beginning to unify these two disciplines and will produce a new class of predictively powerful space weather models that combine the physical insights gained by data and theory. We call on NASA to invest in the research and infrastructure necessary for the heliophysics' community to take advantage of these advances.

The field of robotics, and more especially humanoid robotics, has several established competitions with research oriented goals in mind. Challenging the robots in a handful of tasks, these competitions provide a way to gauge the state of the art in robotic design, as well as an indicator for how far we are from reaching human performance. The most notable competitions are RoboCup, which has the long-term goal of competing against a real human team in 2050, and the FIRA HuroCup league, in which humanoid robots have to perform tasks based on actual Olympic events. Having robots compete against humans under the same rules is a challenging goal, and, we believe that it is in the sport of archery that humanoid robots have the most potential to achieve it in the near future. In this work, we perform a first step in this direction. We present a humanoid robot that is capable of gripping, drawing and shooting a recurve bow at a target 10 meters away with considerable accuracy. Additionally, we show that it is also capable of shooting distances of over 50 meters.

Automatic Text Summarization (ATS) is becoming relevant with the growth of textual data; however, with the popularization of public large-scale datasets, some recent machine learning approaches have focused on dense models and architectures that, despite producing notable results, usually turn out in models difficult to interpret. Given the challenge behind interpretable learning-based text summarization and the importance it may have for evolving the current state of the ATS field, this work studies the application of two modern Generalized Additive Models with interactions, namely Explainable Boosting Machine and GAMI-Net, to the extractive summarization problem based on linguistic features and binary classification.

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as an instance of distributed machine learning paradigm that avoids the transmission of data generated on the users' side. Although data are not transmitted, edge devices have to deal with limited communication bandwidths, data heterogeneity, and straggler effects due to the limited computational resources of users' devices. A prominent approach to overcome such difficulties is FedADMM, which is based on the classical two-operator consensus alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). The common assumption of FL algorithms, including FedADMM, is that they learn a global model using data only on the users' side and not on the edge server. However, in edge learning, the server is expected to be near the base station and have direct access to rich datasets. In this paper, we argue that leveraging the rich data on the edge server is much more beneficial than utilizing only user datasets. Specifically, we show that the mere application of FL with an additional virtual user node representing the data on the edge server is inefficient. We propose FedTOP-ADMM, which generalizes FedADMM and is based on a three-operator ADMM-type technique that exploits a smooth cost function on the edge server to learn a global model parallel to the edge devices. Our numerical experiments indicate that FedTOP-ADMM has substantial gain up to 33\% in communication efficiency to reach a desired test accuracy with respect to FedADMM, including a virtual user on the edge server.

随着深层技术的传播，这项技术变得非常易于访问和足够好，以至于对其恶意使用感到担忧。面对这个问题，检测锻造面孔对于确保安全和避免在全球和私人规模上避免社会政治问题至关重要。本文提出了一种使用卷积神经网络检测深击的解决方案，并为此目的开发了一个数据集-celeb -df。结果表明，在这些图像的分类中，总体准确性为95％，提出的模型接近于最新的现状，并且可以调整未来出现的操纵技术的可能性。。

由于促进了各种复杂的任务，因此异质自动机器人团队变得越来越重要。对于此类异质机器人，目前尚无一致的方法来描述每个机器人提供的功能。在制造领域，功能建模被认为是针对不同机器提供的语义模型功能的一种有希望的方法。这项贡献研究了如何将能力模型从制造应用到自主机器人领域，并提出了这种能力模型的方法。