我们证明了Yolov5模型(一种基于通用卷积的单杆对象检测模型)的应用,在从当前生成干涉仪检测器的重力数据中检测到二进制中子星(BNS)聚合事件的任务。我们还基于用于模型训练,验证和测试步骤的大概波形模型对合成数据生成和准备任务的详尽说明。使用这种方法,我们实现平均平均精度($ \ text {map} _ {[0.50]} $)的单个类验证数据集的值为0.945,测试数据集的平均值为0.945,高达0.978。此外,训练有素的模型成功地识别了LIGO H1检测器数据中的GW170817事件。 LIGO L1检测器数据也可以通过附加的预处理步骤进行识别,而无需在Inspiral的最后阶段消除大故障。 GW190425事件的检测不太成功,这证明了信噪比的性能退化。我们的研究表明,Yolov5模型是第一阶段检测警报管道的有趣方法,并且在整合到更复杂的管道中时,用于实时推断物理源参数。
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The usage of deep neural networks in safety-critical systems is limited by our ability to guarantee their correct behavior. Runtime monitors are components aiming to identify unsafe predictions and discard them before they can lead to catastrophic consequences. Several recent works on runtime monitoring have focused on out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, i.e., identifying inputs that are different from the training data. In this work, we argue that OOD detection is not a well-suited framework to design efficient runtime monitors and that it is more relevant to evaluate monitors based on their ability to discard incorrect predictions. We call this setting out-ofmodel-scope detection and discuss the conceptual differences with OOD. We also conduct extensive experiments on popular datasets from the literature to show that studying monitors in the OOD setting can be misleading: 1. very good OOD results can give a false impression of safety, 2. comparison under the OOD setting does not allow identifying the best monitor to detect errors. Finally, we also show that removing erroneous training data samples helps to train better monitors.
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There is an increasing need in our society to achieve faster advances in Science to tackle urgent problems, such as climate changes, environmental hazards, sustainable energy systems, pandemics, among others. In certain domains like chemistry, scientific discovery carries the extra burden of assessing risks of the proposed novel solutions before moving to the experimental stage. Despite several recent advances in Machine Learning and AI to address some of these challenges, there is still a gap in technologies to support end-to-end discovery applications, integrating the myriad of available technologies into a coherent, orchestrated, yet flexible discovery process. Such applications need to handle complex knowledge management at scale, enabling knowledge consumption and production in a timely and efficient way for subject matter experts (SMEs). Furthermore, the discovery of novel functional materials strongly relies on the development of exploration strategies in the chemical space. For instance, generative models have gained attention within the scientific community due to their ability to generate enormous volumes of novel molecules across material domains. These models exhibit extreme creativity that often translates in low viability of the generated candidates. In this work, we propose a workbench framework that aims at enabling the human-AI co-creation to reduce the time until the first discovery and the opportunity costs involved. This framework relies on a knowledge base with domain and process knowledge, and user-interaction components to acquire knowledge and advise the SMEs. Currently,the framework supports four main activities: generative modeling, dataset triage, molecule adjudication, and risk assessment.
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The goal of autonomous vehicles is to navigate public roads safely and comfortably. To enforce safety, traditional planning approaches rely on handcrafted rules to generate trajectories. Machine learning-based systems, on the other hand, scale with data and are able to learn more complex behaviors. However, they often ignore that agents and self-driving vehicle trajectory distributions can be leveraged to improve safety. In this paper, we propose modeling a distribution over multiple future trajectories for both the self-driving vehicle and other road agents, using a unified neural network architecture for prediction and planning. During inference, we select the planning trajectory that minimizes a cost taking into account safety and the predicted probabilities. Our approach does not depend on any rule-based planners for trajectory generation or optimization, improves with more training data and is simple to implement. We extensively evaluate our method through a realistic simulator and show that the predicted trajectory distribution corresponds to different driving profiles. We also successfully deploy it on a self-driving vehicle on urban public roads, confirming that it drives safely without compromising comfort. The code for training and testing our model on a public prediction dataset and the video of the road test are available at https://woven.mobi/safepathnet
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农作物管理,包括氮(N)受精和灌溉管理,对农作物产量,经济利润和环境产生了重大影响。尽管存在管理指南,但要在特定的种植环境和农作物中找到最佳的管理实践是挑战。先前的工作使用加强学习(RL)和作物模拟器来解决该问题,但是训练有素的政策要么具有有限的性能,要么在现实世界中不可部署。在本文中,我们提出了一种智能作物管理系统,该系统通过RL,模仿学习(IL)同时优化N受精和灌溉,并使用农业技术决策系统(DSSAT)进行了作物模拟。我们首先使用Deep RL,尤其是Deep Q-Network来培训需要从模拟器中的所有状态信息作为观测值(表示为完整观察)的管理政策。然后,我们援引IL来培训管理政策,这些政策只需要有限的国家信息,这些信息可以通过模仿以前的RL训练有素的政策在全面观察中轻松获得的国家(表示为部分观察)。我们在佛罗里达州使用玉米的案例研究进行实验,并将受过训练的政策与玉米管理指南进行比较。我们在全面观察和部分观察中训练有素的政策取得了更好的结果,从而获得更高的利润或类似的利润,而环境影响较小。此外,部分观察管理政策在使用易于使用的信息时直接在现实世界中部署。
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随着时间的流逝,肿瘤体积和肿瘤特征的变化是癌症治疗的重要生物标志物。在这种情况下,FDG-PET/CT扫描通常用于癌症的分期和重新分期,因为放射性标记的荧光脱氧葡萄糖在高代谢的地区进行了。不幸的是,这些具有高代谢的区域不是针对肿瘤的特异性,也可以代表正常功能器官,炎症或感染的生理吸收,在这些扫描中使详细且可靠的肿瘤分割成为一项苛刻的任务。 AUTOPET挑战赛解决了这一研究差距,该挑战提供了来自900名患者的FDG-PET/CT扫描的公共数据集,以鼓励该领域进一步改善。我们对这一挑战的贡献是由两个最先进的分割模型组成的合奏,即NN-UNET和SWIN UNETR,并以最大强度投影分类器的形式增强,该分类器的作用像是门控机制。如果它预测了病变的存在,则两种分割都是通过晚期融合方法组合的。我们的解决方案在我们的交叉验证中诊断出患有肺癌,黑色素瘤和淋巴瘤的患者的骰子得分为72.12 \%。代码:https://github.com/heiligerl/autopet_submission
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我们将Kearns-Vazirani学习算法扩展到能够处理随时间变化的系统。我们提出了一种新的学习算法,该算法可以重复使用和更新以前学习的行为,在Learnlib库中实现它,并在大型示例中对其进行评估,我们在算法的两次运行中进行了少量调整。在这些实验中,我们的算法显着优于经典的Kearns-Vazirani学习算法和当前最新的自适应算法。
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随着机器学习(ML)在关键自主系统中的越来越多的使用,已经开发出运行时监视器来检测预测错误并使系统在操作过程中保持安全状态。已经提出了针对涉及各种感知任务和ML模型的不同应用,并将监视器进行了监视,并将特定的评估程序和指标用于不同的环境。本文介绍了三个统一面向安全的指标,代表了监视器的安全益处(安全增益),使用后的剩余安全差距(残留危险)以及对系统性能(可用性成本)的负面影响。要计算这些指标,需要定义两个返回功能,代表给定的ML预测如何影响预期的未来奖励和危害。三个用例(分类,无人机登陆和自动驾驶)用于证明如何根据建议的指标来表示文献的指标。这些示例的实验结果表明,不同的评估选择如何影响监视器的感知性能。由于我们的形式主义要求我们制定明确的安全假设,因此它使我们能够确保进行评估与高级系统要求符合。
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分类是数据挖掘和机器学习领域中研究最多的任务之一,并且已经提出了文献中的许多作品来解决分类问题,以解决多个知识领域,例如医学,生物学,安全性和遥感。由于没有单个分类器可以为各种应用程序取得最佳结果,因此,一个很好的选择是采用分类器融合策略。分类器融合方法成功的关键点是属于合奏的分类器之间多样性和准确性的结合。借助文献中可用的大量分类模型,一个挑战是选择最终分类系统的最合适的分类器,从而产生了分类器选择策略的需求。我们通过基于一个称为CIF-E(分类器,初始化,健身函数和进化算法)的四步协议的分类器选择和融合的框架来解决这一点。我们按照提出的CIF-E协议实施和评估24种各种集合方法,并能够找到最准确的方法。在文献中最佳方法和许多其他基线中,还进行了比较分析。该实验表明,基于单变量分布算法(UMDA)的拟议进化方法可以超越许多著名的UCI数据集中最新的文献方法。
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网络科学将自己确立为建模时间序列和复杂系统的重要工具。这个建模过程包括将集合或单个时间序列转换为网络。节点可以代表完整的时间序列,段或单个值,而链接定义了所代表部分之间的关​​联或相似性。 R是数据科学,统计和机器学习中使用的主要编程语言之一,并提供许多软件包。但是,没有单个软件包提供将时间序列转换为网络的必要方法。本文介绍了TS2NET,这是一个用于将一个或多个时间序列建模为网络的R软件包。该软件包提供了时间序列距离函数,可以在超级计算机和超级计算机中轻松计算,以处理较大的数据集和方法,以将距离矩阵转换为网络。 TS2NET还提供了将单个时间序列转换为网络的方法,例如复发网络,可见性图和过渡网络。与其他软件包一起,TS2NET允许使用网络科学和图形挖掘工具从时间序列中提取信息。
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