在本文中,我们研究了差异化的私人经验风险最小化(DP-erm)。已经表明,随着尺寸的增加,DP-MER的(最坏的)效用会减小。这是私下学习大型机器学习模型的主要障碍。在高维度中,某些模型的参数通常比其他参数更多的信息是常见的。为了利用这一点,我们提出了一个差异化的私有贪婪坐标下降(DP-GCD)算法。在每次迭代中,DP-GCD私人沿梯度(大约)最大条目执行坐标梯度步骤。从理论上讲,DP-GCD可以通过利用问题解决方案的结构特性(例如稀疏性或准方面的)来改善实用性,并在早期迭代中取得非常快速的进展。然后,我们在合成数据集和真实数据集上以数值说明。最后,我们描述了未来工作的有前途的方向。
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数值验证是机器学习研究的核心,因为它允许评估新方法的实际影响,并确认理论和实践之间的一致性。然而,该领域的快速发展构成了一些挑战:研究人员面临着大量的方法来比较,有限的透明度和最佳实践的共识以及乏味的重新实施工作。结果,验证通常是非常部分的,这可能会导致错误的结论,从而减慢研究的进展。我们提出了Benchopt,这是一个协作框架,旨在在跨编程语言和硬件体系结构的机器学习中自动化,复制和发布优化基准。 Benchopt通过提供用于运行,共享和扩展实验的现成工具来简化社区的基准测试。为了展示其广泛的可用性,我们在三个标准学习任务上展示基准:$ \ ell_2 $ regulaine的逻辑回归,套索和RESNET18用于图像分类的培训。这些基准强调了关键的实际发现,这些发现对这些问题的最新问题更加细微,这表明在实际评估中,魔鬼在细节上。我们希望Benchopt能在社区中促进合作工作,从而改善研究结果的可重复性。
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在现代分类任务中,标签数量越来越大,实际上遇到的数据集的大小也越来越大。随着班级数量的增加,阶级的歧义和阶级失衡变得越来越有问题,以达到高顶级1的准确性。同时,TOP-K指标(允许K猜测的指标)变得流行,尤其是用于性能报告。然而,提出为深度学习量身定制的Top-K损失仍然是一个挑战,无论是理论上还是实际的。在本文中,我们引入了由Top-K校准损失的最新发展启发的随机TOP-K铰链损失。我们的建议基于在灵活的“扰动优化器”框架上的Top-K操作员建筑的平滑。我们表明,在平衡数据集的情况下,我们的损失函数的性能非常出色,同时,与最先进的TOP-K损失函数相比,计算时间明显低。此外,我们为不平衡案例提出了一个简单的损失变体。在重尾数据集上的实验表明,我们的损失函数显着优于其他基线损失函数。
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稀疏性前锋常用于去噪和图像重建。对于分析型前导者,字典定义了可能稀疏的信号的表示。在大多数情况下,通过最小化重建误差,该字典尚不清楚。这定义了分层优化问题,可以作为双级优化投射。然而,这个问题是无法解决的,因为重建和它们的衍生物WRT字典没有闭合形式表达式。然而,可以使用前后分离(FB)算法迭代地计算重建。在本文中,我们通过上述FB算法的输出来近似重建。然后,我们利用自动差异来评估该输出的梯度WRT字典,我们使用投影梯度下降来学习。实验表明,我们的算法成功学习了来自分段恒定信号的1D总变化(TV)词典。对于相同的案例研究,我们建议将我们的搜索限制在0中心列的字典中,该字典删除了不期望的局部最小值并提高了数值稳定性。
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尽管加权套索回归具有吸引力的统计保障,但由于其复杂的搜索空间,通常避免了已有数千个Quand参与的。另一方面,具有用于黑盒功能的高维HPO方法的最新进展表明,高维应用确实可以有效地优化。尽管这一初步成功,但高维HPO方法通常应用于具有适度数量的合成问题,这些尺寸限制了其对科学和工程应用的影响。为了解决这一限制,我们提出了一个新的基准套件,这是一个在卢赛社区中的一个重要的开放研究主题量身定制的,这是加权套索回归。 Lassobench由受良好控制的合成设置(样本,SNR,环境和有效维度以及多维保真度)和现实世界数据集组成的基准,这使得能够利用许多HPO算法来改进和扩展到高维设置。我们评估了5种最先进的HPO方法和3个基线,并表明贝叶斯优化可以改善通常用于稀疏回归的方法,同时突出显示这些框架在非常高的框架中的限制。值得注意的是,贝叶斯优化分别将60,100,300和1000个尺寸问题的卢斯基线分别改善了45.7%,19.2%,19.7%和15.5%。
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找到模型的最佳超参数可以作为双重优化问题,通常使用零级技术解决。在这项工作中,当内部优化问题是凸但不平滑时,我们研究一阶方法。我们表明,近端梯度下降和近端坐标下降序列序列的前向模式分化,雅各比人会收敛到精确的雅各布式。使用隐式差异化,我们表明可以利用内部问题的非平滑度来加快计算。最后,当内部优化问题大约解决时,我们对高度降低的误差提供了限制。关于回归和分类问题的结果揭示了高参数优化的计算益处,尤其是在需要多个超参数时。
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广义线性模型(GLM)形成了一类广泛的回归和分类模型,其中预测是输入变量的线性组合的函数。对于高维度的统计推断,事实证明,诱导正规化的稀疏性在提供统计保证时很有用。但是,解决最终的优化问题可能具有挑战性:即使对于流行的迭代算法,例如协调下降,也需要在大量变量上循环。为了减轻这种情况,称为筛选规则和工作集的技术可以通过逐步删除变量或解决增长的较小问题的序列来减少手头优化问题的大小。对于这两种技术,都可以鉴定出大量变量,这要归功于凸双重性论点。在本文中,我们表明,GLM的双重迭代在标志识别后表现出矢量自回归(VAR)行为,当使用近端梯度下降或环状坐标下降解决原始问题时。利用这种规律性,可以构建双重点,以提供最佳的最佳证书,增强筛选规则的性能并帮助设计竞争性的工作集算法。
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The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.
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As various city agencies and mobility operators navigate toward innovative mobility solutions, there is a need for strategic flexibility in well-timed investment decisions in the design and timing of mobility service regions, i.e. cast as "real options" (RO). This problem becomes increasingly challenging with multiple interacting RO in such investments. We propose a scalable machine learning based RO framework for multi-period sequential service region design & timing problem for mobility-on-demand services, framed as a Markov decision process with non-stationary stochastic variables. A value function approximation policy from literature uses multi-option least squares Monte Carlo simulation to get a policy value for a set of interdependent investment decisions as deferral options (CR policy). The goal is to determine the optimal selection and timing of a set of zones to include in a service region. However, prior work required explicit enumeration of all possible sequences of investments. To address the combinatorial complexity of such enumeration, we propose a new variant "deep" RO policy using an efficient recurrent neural network (RNN) based ML method (CR-RNN policy) to sample sequences to forego the need for enumeration, making network design & timing policy tractable for large scale implementation. Experiments on multiple service region scenarios in New York City (NYC) shows the proposed policy substantially reduces the overall computational cost (time reduction for RO evaluation of > 90% of total investment sequences is achieved), with zero to near-zero gap compared to the benchmark. A case study of sequential service region design for expansion of MoD services in Brooklyn, NYC show that using the CR-RNN policy to determine optimal RO investment strategy yields a similar performance (0.5% within CR policy value) with significantly reduced computation time (about 5.4 times faster).
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The combination of conduct, emotion, motivation, and thinking is referred to as personality. To shortlist candidates more effectively, many organizations rely on personality predictions. The firm can hire or pick the best candidate for the desired job description by grouping applicants based on the necessary personality preferences. A model is created to identify applicants' personality types so that employers may find qualified candidates by examining a person's facial expression, speech intonation, and resume. Additionally, the paper emphasises detecting the changes in employee behaviour. Employee attitudes and behaviour towards each set of questions are being examined and analysed. Here, the K-Modes clustering method is used to predict employee well-being, including job pressure, the working environment, and relationships with peers, utilizing the OCEAN Model and the CNN algorithm in the AVI-AI administrative system. Findings imply that AVIs can be used for efficient candidate screening with an AI decision agent. The study of the specific field is beyond the current explorations and needed to be expanded with deeper models and new configurations that can patch extremely complex operations.
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