尖峰神经网络（SNN）是第三代人工神经网络，可以在神经形态硬件上实施节能。但是，尖峰的离散传播给坚固且高性能的学习机制带来了重大挑战。大多数现有的作品仅着眼于神经元之间的学习，但忽略了突触之间的影响，从而导致稳健性和准确性丧失。为了解决这个问题，我们通过对突触（APB）（APB）之间的关联可塑性（APB）进行建模，从而提出了一种强大而有效的学习机制。使用提出的APB方法，当其他神经元同时刺激时，同一神经元的突触通过共享因素相互作用。此外，我们提出了一种时空种植和翻转（STCF）方法，以提高网络的概括能力。广泛的实验表明，我们的方法在静态CIFAR-10数据集和神经形态MNIST-DV的最新性能上实现了卓越的性能，通过轻量级卷积网络，CIFAR10-DVS数据集。据我们所知，这是第一次探索突触之间的学习方法和神经形态数据的扩展方法。

事件摄像机在挑战场景中具有巨大的潜力，因为其高度分辨率，高动态范围，低功耗和无运动模糊的优势。但是，基于事件的学习受到不足的概括能力的阻碍。在本文中，我们首先分析不同亮度变化对事件数据的影响。然后，我们提出了两种新颖的增强方法：事件逆转和eventdrift。通过将事件逆转和漂移到时空或极性域中的相应位置，提出的方法会生成受不同亮度变化影响的样品，从而改善了基于事件的学习的鲁棒性，并导致更好的概括。N-CARS，N-Caltech101和CIFAR10-DVS数据集的广泛实验表明，我们的方法是一般且非常有效的。

现代有效的卷积神经网络（CNN）始终使用可分开的卷积（DSC）和神经体系结构搜索（NAS）来减少参数数量和计算复杂性。但是网络的一些固有特征被忽略了。受到可视化功能地图和n $ \ times $ n（n $> $ 1）卷积内核的启发，本文介绍了几种准则，以进一步提高参数效率和推理速度。基于这些准则，我们的参数有效的CNN体​​系结构称为\ textit {vgnetg}，比以前的网络更高的准确性和延迟较低，降低了约30％$ \厚度$ 50％的参数。我们的VGNETG-1.0MP在ImageNet分类数据集上具有0.99万参数的67.7％TOP-1准确性和69.2％的TOP-1精度，而参数为114m。此外，我们证明边缘检测器可以通过用固定的边缘检测核代替N $ \ times $ n内核来代替可学习的深度卷积层来混合特征。我们的VGNETF-1.5MP存档64.4％（ - 3.2％）的TOP-1准确性和66.2％（-1.4％）的TOP-1准确性，具有额外的高斯内核。

随着全球推出第五代（5G）网络，有必要超越5G，并设想6G网络。预计6G网络将具有空间空气地集成网络，高级网络虚拟化和无处不在的智能。本文介绍了一个用于6G网络的人工智能（AI） - 网络切片架构，以实现AI和网络切片的协同作用，从而促进智能网络管理和支持新兴AI服务。首先在网络切片生命周期中讨论基于AI的解决方案，以智能地管理网络切片，即用于切片的AI。然后，研究了网络切片解决方案，通过构建AI实例和执行高效的资源管理来支持Emerging AI服务，即AI的切片。最后，提出了一个案例研究，然后讨论了6G网络中的AI-Native Network SliCing必不可少的开放研究问题。

Dataset distillation has emerged as a prominent technique to improve data efficiency when training machine learning models. It encapsulates the knowledge from a large dataset into a smaller synthetic dataset. A model trained on this smaller distilled dataset can attain comparable performance to a model trained on the original training dataset. However, the existing dataset distillation techniques mainly aim at achieving the best trade-off between resource usage efficiency and model utility. The security risks stemming from them have not been explored. This study performs the first backdoor attack against the models trained on the data distilled by dataset distillation models in the image domain. Concretely, we inject triggers into the synthetic data during the distillation procedure rather than during the model training stage, where all previous attacks are performed. We propose two types of backdoor attacks, namely NAIVEATTACK and DOORPING. NAIVEATTACK simply adds triggers to the raw data at the initial distillation phase, while DOORPING iteratively updates the triggers during the entire distillation procedure. We conduct extensive evaluations on multiple datasets, architectures, and dataset distillation techniques. Empirical evaluation shows that NAIVEATTACK achieves decent attack success rate (ASR) scores in some cases, while DOORPING reaches higher ASR scores (close to 1.0) in all cases. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive ablation study to analyze the factors that may affect the attack performance. Finally, we evaluate multiple defense mechanisms against our backdoor attacks and show that our attacks can practically circumvent these defense mechanisms.

Few Shot Instance Segmentation (FSIS) requires models to detect and segment novel classes with limited several support examples. In this work, we explore a simple yet unified solution for FSIS as well as its incremental variants, and introduce a new framework named Reference Twice (RefT) to fully explore the relationship between support/query features based on a Transformer-like framework. Our key insights are two folds: Firstly, with the aid of support masks, we can generate dynamic class centers more appropriately to re-weight query features. Secondly, we find that support object queries have already encoded key factors after base training. In this way, the query features can be enhanced twice from two aspects, i.e., feature-level and instance-level. In particular, we firstly design a mask-based dynamic weighting module to enhance support features and then propose to link object queries for better calibration via cross-attention. After the above steps, the novel classes can be improved significantly over our strong baseline. Additionally, our new framework can be easily extended to incremental FSIS with minor modification. When benchmarking results on the COCO dataset for FSIS, gFSIS, and iFSIS settings, our method achieves a competitive performance compared to existing approaches across different shots, e.g., we boost nAP by noticeable +8.2/+9.4 over the current state-of-the-art FSIS method for 10/30-shot. We further demonstrate the superiority of our approach on Few Shot Object Detection. Code and model will be available.

Nowadays, time-stamped web documents related to a general news query floods spread throughout the Internet, and timeline summarization targets concisely summarizing the evolution trajectory of events along the timeline. Unlike traditional document summarization, timeline summarization needs to model the time series information of the input events and summarize important events in chronological order. To tackle this challenge, in this paper, we propose a Unified Timeline Summarizer (UTS) that can generate abstractive and extractive timeline summaries in time order. Concretely, in the encoder part, we propose a graph-based event encoder that relates multiple events according to their content dependency and learns a global representation of each event. In the decoder part, to ensure the chronological order of the abstractive summary, we propose to extract the feature of event-level attention in its generation process with sequential information remained and use it to simulate the evolutionary attention of the ground truth summary. The event-level attention can also be used to assist in extracting summary, where the extracted summary also comes in time sequence. We augment the previous Chinese large-scale timeline summarization dataset and collect a new English timeline dataset. Extensive experiments conducted on these datasets and on the out-of-domain Timeline 17 dataset show that UTS achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of both automatic and human evaluations.

In this tutorial paper, we look into the evolution and prospect of network architecture and propose a novel conceptual architecture for the 6th generation (6G) networks. The proposed architecture has two key elements, i.e., holistic network virtualization and pervasive artificial intelligence (AI). The holistic network virtualization consists of network slicing and digital twin, from the aspects of service provision and service demand, respectively, to incorporate service-centric and user-centric networking. The pervasive network intelligence integrates AI into future networks from the perspectives of networking for AI and AI for networking, respectively. Building on holistic network virtualization and pervasive network intelligence, the proposed architecture can facilitate three types of interplay, i.e., the interplay between digital twin and network slicing paradigms, between model-driven and data-driven methods for network management, and between virtualization and AI, to maximize the flexibility, scalability, adaptivity, and intelligence for 6G networks. We also identify challenges and open issues related to the proposed architecture. By providing our vision, we aim to inspire further discussions and developments on the potential architecture of 6G.

In this paper, we investigate the joint device activity and data detection in massive machine-type communications (mMTC) with a one-phase non-coherent scheme, where data bits are embedded in the pilot sequences and the base station simultaneously detects active devices and their embedded data bits without explicit channel estimation. Due to the correlated sparsity pattern introduced by the non-coherent transmission scheme, the traditional approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm cannot achieve satisfactory performance. Therefore, we propose a deep learning (DL) modified AMP network (DL-mAMPnet) that enhances the detection performance by effectively exploiting the pilot activity correlation. The DL-mAMPnet is constructed by unfolding the AMP algorithm into a feedforward neural network, which combines the principled mathematical model of the AMP algorithm with the powerful learning capability, thereby benefiting from the advantages of both techniques. Trainable parameters are introduced in the DL-mAMPnet to approximate the correlated sparsity pattern and the large-scale fading coefficient. Moreover, a refinement module is designed to further advance the performance by utilizing the spatial feature caused by the correlated sparsity pattern. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DL-mAMPnet can significantly outperform traditional algorithms in terms of the symbol error rate performance.

Deploying reliable deep learning techniques in interdisciplinary applications needs learned models to output accurate and ({even more importantly}) explainable predictions. Existing approaches typically explicate network outputs in a post-hoc fashion, under an implicit assumption that faithful explanations come from accurate predictions/classifications. We have an opposite claim that explanations boost (or even determine) classification. That is, end-to-end learning of explanation factors to augment discriminative representation extraction could be a more intuitive strategy to inversely assure fine-grained explainability, e.g., in those neuroimaging and neuroscience studies with high-dimensional data containing noisy, redundant, and task-irrelevant information. In this paper, we propose such an explainable geometric deep network dubbed as NeuroExplainer, with applications to uncover altered infant cortical development patterns associated with preterm birth. Given fundamental cortical attributes as network input, our NeuroExplainer adopts a hierarchical attention-decoding framework to learn fine-grained attentions and respective discriminative representations to accurately recognize preterm infants from term-born infants at term-equivalent age. NeuroExplainer learns the hierarchical attention-decoding modules under subject-level weak supervision coupled with targeted regularizers deduced from domain knowledge regarding brain development. These prior-guided constraints implicitly maximizes the explainability metrics (i.e., fidelity, sparsity, and stability) in network training, driving the learned network to output detailed explanations and accurate classifications. Experimental results on the public dHCP benchmark suggest that NeuroExplainer led to quantitatively reliable explanation results that are qualitatively consistent with representative neuroimaging studies.