蒙特卡洛树搜索（MCTS）是一种搜索最佳决策的最佳先入点方法。 MCT的成功在很大程度上取决于树木的建造方式，并且选择过程在其中起着基本作用。被证明是可靠的一种特殊选择机制是基于树木（UCT）的上限置信度范围。 UCT试图通过考虑存储在MCT的统计树中的值来平衡探索和剥削。但是，对MCTS UCT的一些调整对于这是必要的。在这项工作中，我们使用进化算法（EAS）以替代UCT公式并在MCT中使用进化的表达式来进化数学表达式。更具体地说，我们通过在MCTS方法（SIEA-MCT）中提出的语义启发的进化算法来发展表达式。这是受遗传编程（GP）语义的启发，其中使用健身案例被视为在GP中采用的要求。健身病例通常用于确定个体的适应性，可用于计算个体的语义相似性（或差异）。但是，MCT中没有健身案例。我们通过使用MCT的多个奖励值来扩展此概念，从而使我们能够确定个人及其语义的适应性。通过这样做，我们展示了SIEA-MCT如何能够成功地发展数学表达式，而数学表达式与UCT相比，无需调整这些演变的表达式而产生更好或竞争的结果。我们比较了提出的SIEA-MCT与MCTS算法，MCTS快速动作值估计算法的性能， *-minimax家族的三种变体，一个随机控制器和另外两种EA方法。我们始终展示SIEA-MCT在挑战性的Carcassonne游戏中如何优于大多数这些智能控制者。

语义是遗传编程（GP）研究的越来越多的领域，是指执行遗传编程人员的行为输出。这项研究通过提出一种新方法来扩展对语义的当前理解：基于语义的距离作为附加标准（SDO），在迄今为止，多目标GP（MOGP）中的语义研究领域有限有限。我们的工作包括在性能和多样性指标方面对GP进行广泛的分析，使用了另外基于语义的方法，即基于语义相似性的跨界（SCC）和基于语义的拥挤距离（SCD）。每种方法都集成到两个进化的多目标（EMO）框架中：非主导的分类遗传算法II（NSGA-II）和强度帕累托进化算法2（SPEA2），以及三种语义方法，即三种语义方法NSGA-II和SPEA2进行了严格的比较。我们使用高度不平衡的二元分类数据集，我们证明了SDO的新提出的方法始终生成更非主导的解决方案，具有更好的多样性和改进的超量结果。

Monte Carlo树搜索（MCT）是一种用于搜索最佳决策的采样最佳方法。 MCTS的受欢迎程度是基于其挑战基于两位玩家的游戏的非凡结果，这是一个比国际象棋更难的游戏，直到最近被认为是人工智能方法的不可行。 MCTS的成功大大取决于树的构建方式，选择过程在这方面发挥着重要作用。证明是可靠的一个特定选择机制是基于树的上部置信度，通常称为UCT。通过考虑存储在MCT的统计树中的值，UCT试图平衡探索和利用。但是，MCTS UCT的一些调整是必要的工作。在这项工作中，我们使用进化算法（EAS）来发展数学表达式，以替代UCT数学表达式。我们比较了我们提出的方法，称为MCTS（ES-MCTS）中的演化策略，对MCTS UCT的五种变体，算法的三种变体，算法中的算法，以及卡尔卡松游戏中的随机控制器。我们还使用所提出的基于EA的控制器的变体，被称为MCTS的ES部分集成。我们展示了ES-MCTS控制器的方式如何优于所有这10个智能控制器，包括强大的MCTS UCT控制器。

语义已成为遗传编程（GP）研究的关键话题。语义是指在数据集上运行时GP个体的输出（行为）。专注于单目标GP中语义多样性的大多数作品表明它在进化搜索方面是非常有益的。令人惊讶的是，在多目标GP（MOGP）中，在语义中进行了小型研究。在这项工作中，我们跨越我们对Mogp中语义的理解，提出SDO：基于语义的距离作为额外标准。这自然鼓励Mogp中的语义多样性。为此，我们在第一个帕累托前面的较密集的区域（最有前途的前沿）找到一个枢轴。然后，这用于计算枢轴与人群中的每个人之间的距离。然后将所得到的距离用作优化以优化以偏及语义分集的额外标准。我们还使用其他基于语义的方法作为基准，称为基于语义相似性的交叉和语义的拥挤距离。此外，我们也使用NSGA-II和SPEA2进行比较。我们使用高度不平衡二进制分类问题，一致地展示我们所提出的SDO方法如何产生更多非主导的解决方案和更好的多样性，导致更好的统计学显着的结果，与其他四种方法相比，使用超卓越症结果作为评估措施。

Numerous works use word embedding-based metrics to quantify societal biases and stereotypes in texts. Recent studies have found that word embeddings can capture semantic similarity but may be affected by word frequency. In this work we study the effect of frequency when measuring female vs. male gender bias with word embedding-based bias quantification methods. We find that Skip-gram with negative sampling and GloVe tend to detect male bias in high frequency words, while GloVe tends to return female bias in low frequency words. We show these behaviors still exist when words are randomly shuffled. This proves that the frequency-based effect observed in unshuffled corpora stems from properties of the metric rather than from word associations. The effect is spurious and problematic since bias metrics should depend exclusively on word co-occurrences and not individual word frequencies. Finally, we compare these results with the ones obtained with an alternative metric based on Pointwise Mutual Information. We find that this metric does not show a clear dependence on frequency, even though it is slightly skewed towards male bias across all frequencies.

Color is a critical design factor for web pages, affecting important factors such as viewer emotions and the overall trust and satisfaction of a website. Effective coloring requires design knowledge and expertise, but if this process could be automated through data-driven modeling, efficient exploration and alternative workflows would be possible. However, this direction remains underexplored due to the lack of a formalization of the web page colorization problem, datasets, and evaluation protocols. In this work, we propose a new dataset consisting of e-commerce mobile web pages in a tractable format, which are created by simplifying the pages and extracting canonical color styles with a common web browser. The web page colorization problem is then formalized as a task of estimating plausible color styles for a given web page content with a given hierarchical structure of the elements. We present several Transformer-based methods that are adapted to this task by prepending structural message passing to capture hierarchical relationships between elements. Experimental results, including a quantitative evaluation designed for this task, demonstrate the advantages of our methods over statistical and image colorization methods. The code is available at https://github.com/CyberAgentAILab/webcolor.

Prior work has extensively studied the latent space structure of GANs for unconditional image synthesis, enabling global editing of generated images by the unsupervised discovery of interpretable latent directions. However, the discovery of latent directions for conditional GANs for semantic image synthesis (SIS) has remained unexplored. In this work, we specifically focus on addressing this gap. We propose a novel optimization method for finding spatially disentangled class-specific directions in the latent space of pretrained SIS models. We show that the latent directions found by our method can effectively control the local appearance of semantic classes, e.g., changing their internal structure, texture or color independently from each other. Visual inspection and quantitative evaluation of the discovered GAN controls on various datasets demonstrate that our method discovers a diverse set of unique and semantically meaningful latent directions for class-specific edits.

The accurate prediction of physicochemical properties of chemical compounds in mixtures (such as the activity coefficient at infinite dilution $\gamma_{ij}^\infty$) is essential for developing novel and more sustainable chemical processes. In this work, we analyze the performance of previously-proposed GNN-based models for the prediction of $\gamma_{ij}^\infty$, and compare them with several mechanistic models in a series of 9 isothermal studies. Moreover, we develop the Gibbs-Helmholtz Graph Neural Network (GH-GNN) model for predicting $\ln \gamma_{ij}^\infty$ of molecular systems at different temperatures. Our method combines the simplicity of a Gibbs-Helmholtz-derived expression with a series of graph neural networks that incorporate explicit molecular and intermolecular descriptors for capturing dispersion and hydrogen bonding effects. We have trained this model using experimentally determined $\ln \gamma_{ij}^\infty$ data of 40,219 binary-systems involving 1032 solutes and 866 solvents, overall showing superior performance compared to the popular UNIFAC-Dortmund model. We analyze the performance of GH-GNN for continuous and discrete inter/extrapolation and give indications for the model's applicability domain and expected accuracy. In general, GH-GNN is able to produce accurate predictions for extrapolated binary-systems if at least 25 systems with the same combination of solute-solvent chemical classes are contained in the training set and a similarity indicator above 0.35 is also present. This model and its applicability domain recommendations have been made open-source at https://github.com/edgarsmdn/GH-GNN.

We present a lightweight post-processing method to refine the semantic segmentation results of point cloud sequences. Most existing methods usually segment frame by frame and encounter the inherent ambiguity of the problem: based on a measurement in a single frame, labels are sometimes difficult to predict even for humans. To remedy this problem, we propose to explicitly train a network to refine these results predicted by an existing segmentation method. The network, which we call the P2Net, learns the consistency constraints between coincident points from consecutive frames after registration. We evaluate the proposed post-processing method both qualitatively and quantitatively on the SemanticKITTI dataset that consists of real outdoor scenes. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by comparing the results predicted by two representative networks with and without the refinement by the post-processing network. Specifically, qualitative visualization validates the key idea that labels of the points that are difficult to predict can be corrected with P2Net. Quantitatively, overall mIoU is improved from 10.5% to 11.7% for PointNet [1] and from 10.8% to 15.9% for PointNet++ [2].

Embedded and IoT devices, largely powered by microcontroller units (MCUs), could be made more intelligent by leveraging on-device deep learning. One of the main challenges of neural network inference on an MCU is the extremely limited amount of read-write on-chip memory (SRAM, < 512 kB). SRAM is consumed by the neural network layer (operator) input and output buffers, which, traditionally, must be in memory (materialised) for an operator to execute. We discuss a novel execution paradigm for microcontroller deep learning, which modifies the execution of neural networks to avoid materialising full buffers in memory, drastically reducing SRAM usage with no computation overhead. This is achieved by exploiting the properties of operators, which can consume/produce a fraction of their input/output at a time. We describe a partial execution compiler, Pex, which produces memory-efficient execution schedules automatically by identifying subgraphs of operators whose execution can be split along the feature ("channel") dimension. Memory usage is reduced further by targeting memory bottlenecks with structured pruning, leading to the co-design of the network architecture and its execution schedule. Our evaluation of image and audio classification models: (a) establishes state-of-the-art performance in low SRAM usage regimes for considered tasks with up to +2.9% accuracy increase; (b) finds that a 4x memory reduction is possible by applying partial execution alone, or up to 10.5x when using the compiler-pruning co-design, while maintaining the classification accuracy compared to prior work; (c) uses the recovered SRAM to process higher resolution inputs instead, increasing accuracy by up to +3.9% on Visual Wake Words.