本文介绍了基于多代理增强学习的频谱共享频谱共享的概念扩展到异质车辆网络（HETVNET）。在这里，多个车辆对车辆（V2V）链接了其他车辆对接口（V2I）以及其他网络的频谱。车辆网络中的快速变化环境限制了集中CSI并分配渠道的想法。因此，这里使用实施基于ML的方法的想法，以便可以在所有车辆中以分布式方式实施。这里的每个板载单元（OBU）都可以感觉到频道中的信号，并基于该信息运行RL以决定自主采用的频道。在这里，每个V2V链接将是MARL中的代理商。这个想法是训练RL模型，以使这些代理商可以协作而不是竞争。

Recent research has demonstrated the capability of behavior signals captured by smartphones and wearables for longitudinal behavior modeling. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive public dataset that serves as an open testbed for fair comparison among algorithms. Moreover, prior studies mainly evaluate algorithms using data from a single population within a short period, without measuring the cross-dataset generalizability of these algorithms. We present the first multi-year passive sensing datasets, containing over 700 user-years and 497 unique users' data collected from mobile and wearable sensors, together with a wide range of well-being metrics. Our datasets can support multiple cross-dataset evaluations of behavior modeling algorithms' generalizability across different users and years. As a starting point, we provide the benchmark results of 18 algorithms on the task of depression detection. Our results indicate that both prior depression detection algorithms and domain generalization techniques show potential but need further research to achieve adequate cross-dataset generalizability. We envision our multi-year datasets can support the ML community in developing generalizable longitudinal behavior modeling algorithms.

与计算机视觉合并的基于无人机的遥感系统（UAV）遥感系统具有协助建筑物建设和灾难管理的潜力，例如地震期间的损害评估。可以通过检查来评估建筑物到地震的脆弱性，该检查考虑到相关组件的预期损害进展以及组件对结构系统性能的贡献。这些检查中的大多数是手动进行的，导致高利用人力，时间和成本。本文提出了一种通过基于无人机的图像数据收集和用于后处理的软件库来自动化这些检查的方法，该方法有助于估算地震结构参数。这里考虑的关键参数是相邻建筑物，建筑计划形状，建筑计划区域，屋顶上的对象和屋顶布局之间的距离。通过使用距离测量传感器以及通过Google Earth获得的数据进行的现场测量，可以验证所提出的方法在估计上述参数估算上述参数方面的准确性。可以从https://uvrsabi.github.io/访问其他详细信息和代码。

可再生能源的快速开发，尤其是太阳能光伏（PV），对于缓解气候变化至关重要。结果，印度设定了雄心勃勃的目标，可以在2030年之前安装500吉瓦的太阳能容量。鉴于预计大量的足迹可以满足可再生能源能源目标，因此对环境价值的土地利用冲突的潜力很高。为了加快太阳能的发展，土地使用计划者将需要访问PV基础设施的最新，准确的地理空间信息。在这项工作中，我们开发了一种露骨的机器学习模型，以使用自由使用的卫星图像绘制印度的公用事业规模的太阳能项目，平均准确性为92％。我们的模型预测得到了人类专家的验证，以获取1363个太阳能光伏农场的数据集。使用此数据集，我们测量了整个印度的太阳足迹，并量化了与PV基础设施发展相关的土地盖修改程度。我们的分析表明，印度超过74％的太阳能发展是建立在具有自然生态系统保护或农业价值的陆生类型上的。

开放程序代表全球手术的主要形式。人工智能（AI）有可能优化手术实践并改善患者结果，但努力主要集中在微创技术上。我们的工作通过策划，从YouTube，从YouTube，Open Surgical视频的最大数据集克服了培训AI模型的现有数据限制：1997年从50个国家上传的23个外科手术的视频。使用此数据集，我们开发了一种能够实时了解外科行为，手和工具的多任务AI模型 - 程序流程和外科医生技能的构建块。我们表明我们的模型推广了各种外科类型和环境。说明这种普遍性，我们直接应用了YouTube培训的模型，分析了在学术医疗中心前瞻性收集的开放式手术，并确定了与手动效率相关的外科技能的运动学描述符。我们的开放外科（AVOS）数据集和培训模式的注释视频将可用于进一步发展外科艾。

Large, labeled datasets have driven deep learning methods to achieve expert-level performance on a variety of medical imaging tasks. We present CheXpert, a large dataset that contains 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 patients. We design a labeler to automatically detect the presence of 14 observations in radiology reports, capturing uncertainties inherent in radiograph interpretation. We investigate different approaches to using the uncertainty labels for training convolutional neural networks that output the probability of these observations given the available frontal and lateral radiographs. On a validation set of 200 chest radiographic studies which were manually annotated by 3 board-certified radiologists, we find that different uncertainty approaches are useful for different pathologies. We then evaluate our best model on a test set composed of 500 chest radiographic studies annotated by a consensus of 5 board-certified radiologists, and compare the performance of our model to that of 3 additional radiologists in the detection of 5 selected pathologies. On Cardiomegaly, Edema, and Pleural Effusion, the model ROC and PR curves lie above all 3 radiologist operating points. We release the dataset to the public as a standard benchmark to evaluate performance of chest radiograph interpretation models. 1

Designing experiments often requires balancing between learning about the true treatment effects and earning from allocating more samples to the superior treatment. While optimal algorithms for the Multi-Armed Bandit Problem (MABP) provide allocation policies that optimally balance learning and earning, they tend to be computationally expensive. The Gittins Index (GI) is a solution to the MABP that can simultaneously attain optimality and computationally efficiency goals, and it has been recently used in experiments with Bernoulli and Gaussian rewards. For the first time, we present a modification of the GI rule that can be used in experiments with exponentially-distributed rewards. We report its performance in simulated 2- armed and 3-armed experiments. Compared to traditional non-adaptive designs, our novel GI modified design shows operating characteristics comparable in learning (e.g. statistical power) but substantially better in earning (e.g. direct benefits). This illustrates the potential that designs using a GI approach to allocate participants have to improve participant benefits, increase efficiencies, and reduce experimental costs in adaptive multi-armed experiments with exponential rewards.

Modelling and forecasting real-life human behaviour using online social media is an active endeavour of interest in politics, government, academia, and industry. Since its creation in 2006, Twitter has been proposed as a potential laboratory that could be used to gauge and predict social behaviour. During the last decade, the user base of Twitter has been growing and becoming more representative of the general population. Here we analyse this user base in the context of the 2021 Mexican Legislative Election. To do so, we use a dataset of 15 million election-related tweets in the six months preceding election day. We explore different election models that assign political preference to either the ruling parties or the opposition. We find that models using data with geographical attributes determine the results of the election with better precision and accuracy than conventional polling methods. These results demonstrate that analysis of public online data can outperform conventional polling methods, and that political analysis and general forecasting would likely benefit from incorporating such data in the immediate future. Moreover, the same Twitter dataset with geographical attributes is positively correlated with results from official census data on population and internet usage in Mexico. These findings suggest that we have reached a period in time when online activity, appropriately curated, can provide an accurate representation of offline behaviour.

Existing federated classification algorithms typically assume the local annotations at every client cover the same set of classes. In this paper, we aim to lift such an assumption and focus on a more general yet practical non-IID setting where every client can work on non-identical and even disjoint sets of classes (i.e., client-exclusive classes), and the clients have a common goal which is to build a global classification model to identify the union of these classes. Such heterogeneity in client class sets poses a new challenge: how to ensure different clients are operating in the same latent space so as to avoid the drift after aggregation? We observe that the classes can be described in natural languages (i.e., class names) and these names are typically safe to share with all parties. Thus, we formulate the classification problem as a matching process between data representations and class representations and break the classification model into a data encoder and a label encoder. We leverage the natural-language class names as the common ground to anchor the class representations in the label encoder. In each iteration, the label encoder updates the class representations and regulates the data representations through matching. We further use the updated class representations at each round to annotate data samples for locally-unaware classes according to similarity and distill knowledge to local models. Extensive experiments on four real-world datasets show that the proposed method can outperform various classical and state-of-the-art federated learning methods designed for learning with non-IID data.

This is paper for the smooth function approximation by neural networks (NN). Mathematical or physical functions can be replaced by NN models through regression. In this study, we get NNs that generate highly accurate and highly smooth function, which only comprised of a few weight parameters, through discussing a few topics about regression. First, we reinterpret inside of NNs for regression; consequently, we propose a new activation function--integrated sigmoid linear unit (ISLU). Then special charateristics of metadata for regression, which is different from other data like image or sound, is discussed for improving the performance of neural networks. Finally, the one of a simple hierarchical NN that generate models substituting mathematical function is presented, and the new batch concept ``meta-batch" which improves the performance of NN several times more is introduced. The new activation function, meta-batch method, features of numerical data, meta-augmentation with metaparameters, and a structure of NN generating a compact multi-layer perceptron(MLP) are essential in this study.