Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are bio-plausible models that hold great potential for realizing energy-efficient implementations of sequential tasks on resource-constrained edge devices. However, commercial edge platforms based on standard GPUs are not optimized to deploy SNNs, resulting in high energy and latency. While analog In-Memory Computing (IMC) platforms can serve as energy-efficient inference engines, they are accursed by the immense energy, latency, and area requirements of high-precision ADCs (HP-ADC), overshadowing the benefits of in-memory computations. We propose a hardware/software co-design methodology to deploy SNNs into an ADC-Less IMC architecture using sense-amplifiers as 1-bit ADCs replacing conventional HP-ADCs and alleviating the above issues. Our proposed framework incurs minimal accuracy degradation by performing hardware-aware training and is able to scale beyond simple image classification tasks to more complex sequential regression tasks. Experiments on complex tasks of optical flow estimation and gesture recognition show that progressively increasing the hardware awareness during SNN training allows the model to adapt and learn the errors due to the non-idealities associated with ADC-Less IMC. Also, the proposed ADC-Less IMC offers significant energy and latency improvements, $2-7\times$ and $8.9-24.6\times$, respectively, depending on the SNN model and the workload, compared to HP-ADC IMC.

基于事件的摄像机最近由于其不同步捕获时间丰富的信息的能力而显示出高速运动估计的巨大潜力。具有神经启发的事件驱动的处理的尖峰神经网络（SNN）可以有效地处理异步数据，而神经元模型（例如泄漏的综合和火灾（LIF））可以跟踪输入中包含的典型时序信息。 SNN通过在神经元内存中保持动态状态，保留重要信息，同时忘记冗余数据随着时间的推移而实现这一目标。因此，我们认为，与类似大小的模拟神经网络（ANN）相比，SNN将允许在顺序回归任务上更好地性能。但是，由于以后的层消失了，很难训练深SNN。为此，我们提出了一个具有可学习的神经元动力学的自适应完全刺激框架，以减轻尖峰消失的问题。我们在时间（BPTT）中利用基于替代梯度的反向传播来从头开始训练我们的深SNN。我们验证了在多车立体化事件相机（MVSEC）数据集和DSEC-FLOW数据集中的光流估计任务的方法。我们在这些数据集上的实验显示，与最新的ANN相比，平均终点误差（AEE）平均降低了13％。我们还探索了几个缩小的模型，并观察到我们的SNN模型始终超过大小的ANN，提供10％-16％的AEE。这些结果证明了SNN对较小模型的重要性及其在边缘的适用性。在效率方面，与最先进的ANN实施相比，我们的SNN可节省大量的网络参数（48倍）和计算能（51倍），同时获得了〜10％的EPE。

Automation in farming processes is a growing field of research in both academia and industries. A considerable amount of work has been put into this field to develop systems robust enough for farming. Terrace farming, in particular, provides a varying set of challenges, including robust stair climbing methods and stable navigation in unstructured terrains. We propose the design of a novel autonomous terrace farming robot, Aarohi, that can effectively climb steep terraces of considerable heights and execute several farming operations. The design optimisation strategy for the overall mechanical structure is elucidated. Further, the embedded and software architecture along with fail-safe strategies are presented for a working prototype. Algorithms for autonomous traversal over the terrace steps using the scissor lift mechanism and performing various farming operations have also been discussed. The adaptability of the design to specific operational requirements and modular farm tools allow Aarohi to be customised for a wide variety of use cases.

Neural network-based approaches for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) have recently received special attention. However, the large majority of neural PDE solvers only apply to rectilinear domains, and do not systematically address the imposition of Dirichlet/Neumann boundary conditions over irregular domain boundaries. In this paper, we present a framework to neurally solve partial differential equations over domains with irregularly shaped (non-rectilinear) geometric boundaries. Our network takes in the shape of the domain as an input (represented using an unstructured point cloud, or any other parametric representation such as Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines) and is able to generalize to novel (unseen) irregular domains; the key technical ingredient to realizing this model is a novel approach for identifying the interior and exterior of the computational grid in a differentiable manner. We also perform a careful error analysis which reveals theoretical insights into several sources of error incurred in the model-building process. Finally, we showcase a wide variety of applications, along with favorable comparisons with ground truth solutions.

许多组织使用配备有加速器的Compute集群，例如GPU和TPU，用于以分布式方式培训深入学习模型。培训是资源密集型的，消耗显着的计算，内存和网络资源。许多先前的作品探索如何减少培训资源占资源的占资源占用空间，而不会影响质量，但它们对瓶颈的子集（通常只有网络）限制了它们改善整体集群利用的能力。在这项工作中，我们利用深度学习工作负载的独特特征来提出结构化部分反向化（SPB），这是一种系统地控制分布式培训中个别工人的背包量的技术。这同时可以减少网络带宽，计算利用率和内存占用空间，同时保持模型质量。为了有效地利用SPB在集群层面的好处，我们介绍了一个SPB了解调度程序的jigsaw，它在深度学习培训（DLT）作业中进行迭代级别。我们发现拼图可以通过高达28 \％将大规模集群效率提高。

气候变化已成为最大的全球性问题之一，越来越多地损害地球的居住地。最近的发展如加利福尼亚州和加拿大的非凡热浪，以及德国的毁灭性洪水指向气候变化在极端天气不断增长的频率下的作用。在过去的五十年中，天气和气候的数值模型已经看到了巨大的改善，但仍有严格的限制仍有待克服。空间和时间本地化预测是需要一个小时，以便有效适应措施，以尽量减少生命和财产丧失。基于人工智能的方法正在展示有希望的导致改进预测，但仍然受到必要硬件和软件所需的可用性来处理地球地球的规模所需的软硬件和软件的限制。量子计算是一种新兴范式，在几个领域中发现了潜在的适用性。在这种意见作品中，我们认为为量子计算机设计的人工智能算法的新发展 - 也称为量子人工智能（QAI） - 可以提供进一步进一步的气候变化科学所需的关键突破。预计天气和气候预测的改善将级联到众多社会福利。

Quadruped robots are currently used in industrial robotics as mechanical aid to automate several routine tasks. However, presently, the usage of such a robot in a domestic setting is still very much a part of the research. This paper discusses the understanding and virtual simulation of such a robot capable of detecting and understanding human emotions, generating its gait, and responding via sounds and expression on a screen. To this end, we use a combination of reinforcement learning and software engineering concepts to simulate a quadruped robot that can understand emotions, navigate through various terrains and detect sound sources, and respond to emotions using audio-visual feedback. This paper aims to establish the framework of simulating a quadruped robot that is emotionally intelligent and can primarily respond to audio-visual stimuli using motor or audio response. The emotion detection from the speech was not as performant as ERANNs or Zeta Policy learning, still managing an accuracy of 63.5%. The video emotion detection system produced results that are almost at par with the state of the art, with an accuracy of 99.66%. Due to its "on-policy" learning process, the PPO algorithm was extremely rapid to learn, allowing the simulated dog to demonstrate a remarkably seamless gait across the different cadences and variations. This enabled the quadruped robot to respond to generated stimuli, allowing us to conclude that it functions as predicted and satisfies the aim of this work.

Searching long egocentric videos with natural language queries (NLQ) has compelling applications in augmented reality and robotics, where a fluid index into everything that a person (agent) has seen before could augment human memory and surface relevant information on demand. However, the structured nature of the learning problem (free-form text query inputs, localized video temporal window outputs) and its needle-in-a-haystack nature makes it both technically challenging and expensive to supervise. We introduce Narrations-as-Queries (NaQ), a data augmentation strategy that transforms standard video-text narrations into training data for a video query localization model. Validating our idea on the Ego4D benchmark, we find it has tremendous impact in practice. NaQ improves multiple top models by substantial margins (even doubling their accuracy), and yields the very best results to date on the Ego4D NLQ challenge, soundly outperforming all challenge winners in the CVPR and ECCV 2022 competitions and topping the current public leaderboard. Beyond achieving the state-of-the-art for NLQ, we also demonstrate unique properties of our approach such as gains on long-tail object queries, and the ability to perform zero-shot and few-shot NLQ.

Machine Translation (MT) system generally aims at automatic representation of source language into target language retaining the originality of context using various Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. Among various NLP methods, Statistical Machine Translation(SMT). SMT uses probabilistic and statistical techniques to analyze information and conversion. This paper canvasses about the development of bilingual SMT models for translating English to fifteen low-resource Indian Languages (ILs) and vice versa. At the outset, all 15 languages are briefed with a short description related to our experimental need. Further, a detailed analysis of Samanantar and OPUS dataset for model building, along with standard benchmark dataset (Flores-200) for fine-tuning and testing, is done as a part of our experiment. Different preprocessing approaches are proposed in this paper to handle the noise of the dataset. To create the system, MOSES open-source SMT toolkit is explored. Distance reordering is utilized with the aim to understand the rules of grammar and context-dependent adjustments through a phrase reordering categorization framework. In our experiment, the quality of the translation is evaluated using standard metrics such as BLEU, METEOR, and RIBES

We introduce Argoverse 2 (AV2) - a collection of three datasets for perception and forecasting research in the self-driving domain. The annotated Sensor Dataset contains 1,000 sequences of multimodal data, encompassing high-resolution imagery from seven ring cameras, and two stereo cameras in addition to lidar point clouds, and 6-DOF map-aligned pose. Sequences contain 3D cuboid annotations for 26 object categories, all of which are sufficiently-sampled to support training and evaluation of 3D perception models. The Lidar Dataset contains 20,000 sequences of unlabeled lidar point clouds and map-aligned pose. This dataset is the largest ever collection of lidar sensor data and supports self-supervised learning and the emerging task of point cloud forecasting. Finally, the Motion Forecasting Dataset contains 250,000 scenarios mined for interesting and challenging interactions between the autonomous vehicle and other actors in each local scene. Models are tasked with the prediction of future motion for "scored actors" in each scenario and are provided with track histories that capture object location, heading, velocity, and category. In all three datasets, each scenario contains its own HD Map with 3D lane and crosswalk geometry - sourced from data captured in six distinct cities. We believe these datasets will support new and existing machine learning research problems in ways that existing datasets do not. All datasets are released under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.