背景信息：快速非LTE合成的计算成本是限制2D和3D反转码的开发的挑战之一。它还使得对在铬圈和过渡区域中形成的线的观察的解释是缓慢和计算昂贵的过程，这限制了在相当小的视野上的物理性质的推断。通过出发系数访问从LTE制度的快速计算偏差的方式可能在很大程度上减轻了这个问题。目的：我们建议建立并培训图形网络，该图网络快速预测原子级群体而不解决非LTE问题。方法：我们找到了图形网络的最佳架构，用于预测来自模型气氛的物理条件的原子水平的偏离系数。具有具有潜在模型气氛的代表性样本的合适数据集用于培训。使用现有的非LTE合成代码计算了该数据集。结果：图形网络已集成到现有的\ Caii案例中的现有合成和反演代码中。我们在计算速度上展示了数量级增益的顺序。我们分析了图形网络的泛化能力，并证明它为看不见的模型产生了良好的预测偏离系数。我们在\ Hazel \中实现此方法，并显示与使用标准非LTE反转代码获得的那些相比如何与之比较。我们的近似方法开辟了在大视野中从铬圈提取物理信息的可能性，随着时间的演变。这使我们能够了解更好的太阳区域，其中大的空间和时间尺度至关重要。

多模式心脏成像在心血管疾病患者的治疗中起关键作用。它允许互补的解剖学，形态学和功能信息，提高诊断准确性，并提高心血管干预和临床结果的疗效。多模式心脏图像的完全自动化处理和定量分析可能会对临床研究和基于证据的患者管理产生直接影响。但是，这些需要克服重大挑战，包括模式间未对准和寻找最佳方法来整合来自不同模式的信息。本文旨在对心脏病学，计算方法，验证策略，相关临床工作流程和未来观点的多模式成像进行全面综述。对于计算方法，我们对这三个任务（即注册，融合和分割）有利，通常涉及多模式成像数据，\ textit {结合来自不同模式的信息或跨模态传输信息的信息}。该评论强调，多模式性心脏成像数据具有广泛适用性的诊所，例如跨体瓣植入指南，心肌生存能力评估和导管消融疗法及其患者选择。然而，许多挑战仍未解决，例如缺失模态，成像和非成像数据的组合以及统一的分析和不同方式的表示。定义完善的技术如何适合临床工作流程以及它们引入了多少其他相关信息，这也有工作要做。这些问题可能会继续是一个积极的研究领域，并且将来要回答的问题。

大多数机器学习（ML）方法假设训练阶段使用的数据来自目标人群。但是，实际上，一个经常会面对数据集偏移，如果考虑到未正确考虑的话，可能会降低ML模型的预测性能。通常，如果从业人员知道正在发生哪种轮班类型（例如，协变量转移或标签转移），他们可能会采用转移学习方法来获得更好的预测。不幸的是，当前用于检测移位的方法仅设计用于检测特定类型的偏移或无法正式测试其存在。我们介绍了一个一般和统一的框架，该框架通过检测不同类型的变化和量化它们的强度来提供有关如何改善预测方法的见解。我们的方法可用于任何数据类型（表格/图像/文本）以及分类和回归任务。此外，它使用正式的假设测试来控制虚假警报。我们说明了我们的框架在实践中使用人工和真实数据集的实践有用，包括一个示例，说明了我们的框架如何导致洞察力确实可以提高监督模型的预测能力。我们用于数据集偏移检测的软件包可以在https://github.com/felipemaiapolo/detectshift中找到。

通过提供流动性，市场制造商在金融市场中发挥着关键作用。他们通常填写订单书籍，以购买和出售限额订单，以便为交易员提供替代价格水平来运营。本文精确地侧重于从基于代理人的角度研究这些市场制造商战略的研究。特别是，我们提出了加强学习（RL）在模拟股市中创建智能市场标志的应用。本研究分析了RL市场制造商代理在非竞争性（同时只有一个RL市场制造商学习）和竞争方案（同时学习的多个RL市场标记）以及如何调整其在SIM2REAL范围内的策略有很有趣的结果。此外，它涵盖了不同实验之间的政策转移的应用，描述了竞争环境对RL代理表现的影响。 RL和Deep RL技术被证明是有利可图的市场制造商方法，从而更好地了解他们在股票市场的行为。

为N（$ ^ 4 $ s）+ o $ _呈现和定量测试了一种用于预测来自特定初始状态（状态为分布或STD）的产品状态分布的机器学习（ML）模型。 {2} $（x $ ^ 3 \ sigma _ {\ rm g} ^ { - } $）$ \ lightarrow $ no（x $ ^ 2 \ pi $）+ o（$ ^ 3 $ p）反应。用于训练神经网络（NN）的参考数据集由用于$ \ SIM 2000 $初始条件的显式准古典轨迹（QCT）模拟确定的最终状态分布。总体而言，通过根均方平方差价量化的预测精度$（\ SIM 0.003）$和$ r ^ 2 $ $（\ SIM 0.99）$之间的参考QCT和STD模型的预测很高测试集和离网状态特定的初始条件和从反应性状态分布中汲取的初始条件，其特征在于通过平移，旋转和振动温度。与在相同的初始状态分布上评估的更粗糙的粒度分布 - 分布（DTD）模型相比，STD模型表明了在反应物制剂中的状态分辨率的额外益处具有相当的性能。从特定的初始状态开始，还导致更多样化的最终状态分布，需要更具表现力的神经网络与DTD相比。显式QCT模拟之间的直接比较，STD模型和广泛使用的Larsen-Borgnakke（LB）模型表明，STD模型是定量的，而LB模型最适合旋转分布$ P（J'）$和失败振动分布$ p（v'）$。因此，STD模型可以非常适合模拟非预测高速流，例如，使用直接仿真蒙特卡罗方法。

Variational inference uses optimization, rather than integration, to approximate the marginal likelihood, and thereby the posterior, in a Bayesian model. Thanks to advances in computational scalability made in the last decade, variational inference is now the preferred choice for many high-dimensional models and large datasets. This tutorial introduces variational inference from the parametric perspective that dominates these recent developments, in contrast to the mean-field perspective commonly found in other introductory texts.

Knowledge graphs (KG) have served as the key component of various natural language processing applications. Commonsense knowledge graphs (CKG) are a special type of KG, where entities and relations are composed of free-form text. However, previous works in KG completion and CKG completion suffer from long-tail relations and newly-added relations which do not have many know triples for training. In light of this, few-shot KG completion (FKGC), which requires the strengths of graph representation learning and few-shot learning, has been proposed to challenge the problem of limited annotated data. In this paper, we comprehensively survey previous attempts on such tasks in the form of a series of methods and applications. Specifically, we first introduce FKGC challenges, commonly used KGs, and CKGs. Then we systematically categorize and summarize existing works in terms of the type of KGs and the methods. Finally, we present applications of FKGC models on prediction tasks in different areas and share our thoughts on future research directions of FKGC.

Few Shot Instance Segmentation (FSIS) requires models to detect and segment novel classes with limited several support examples. In this work, we explore a simple yet unified solution for FSIS as well as its incremental variants, and introduce a new framework named Reference Twice (RefT) to fully explore the relationship between support/query features based on a Transformer-like framework. Our key insights are two folds: Firstly, with the aid of support masks, we can generate dynamic class centers more appropriately to re-weight query features. Secondly, we find that support object queries have already encoded key factors after base training. In this way, the query features can be enhanced twice from two aspects, i.e., feature-level and instance-level. In particular, we firstly design a mask-based dynamic weighting module to enhance support features and then propose to link object queries for better calibration via cross-attention. After the above steps, the novel classes can be improved significantly over our strong baseline. Additionally, our new framework can be easily extended to incremental FSIS with minor modification. When benchmarking results on the COCO dataset for FSIS, gFSIS, and iFSIS settings, our method achieves a competitive performance compared to existing approaches across different shots, e.g., we boost nAP by noticeable +8.2/+9.4 over the current state-of-the-art FSIS method for 10/30-shot. We further demonstrate the superiority of our approach on Few Shot Object Detection. Code and model will be available.

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) for semantic segmentation is a promising task freeing people from heavy annotation work. However, domain discrepancies in low-level image statistics and high-level contexts compromise the segmentation performance over the target domain. A key idea to tackle this problem is to perform both image-level and feature-level adaptation jointly. Unfortunately, there is a lack of such unified approaches for UDA tasks in the existing literature. This paper proposes a novel UDA pipeline for semantic segmentation that unifies image-level and feature-level adaptation. Concretely, for image-level domain shifts, we propose a global photometric alignment module and a global texture alignment module that align images in the source and target domains in terms of image-level properties. For feature-level domain shifts, we perform global manifold alignment by projecting pixel features from both domains onto the feature manifold of the source domain; and we further regularize category centers in the source domain through a category-oriented triplet loss and perform target domain consistency regularization over augmented target domain images. Experimental results demonstrate that our pipeline significantly outperforms previous methods. In the commonly tested GTA5$\rightarrow$Cityscapes task, our proposed method using Deeplab V3+ as the backbone surpasses previous SOTA by 8%, achieving 58.2% in mIoU.

The development of social media user stance detection and bot detection methods rely heavily on large-scale and high-quality benchmarks. However, in addition to low annotation quality, existing benchmarks generally have incomplete user relationships, suppressing graph-based account detection research. To address these issues, we propose a Multi-Relational Graph-Based Twitter Account Detection Benchmark (MGTAB), the first standardized graph-based benchmark for account detection. To our knowledge, MGTAB was built based on the largest original data in the field, with over 1.55 million users and 130 million tweets. MGTAB contains 10,199 expert-annotated users and 7 types of relationships, ensuring high-quality annotation and diversified relations. In MGTAB, we extracted the 20 user property features with the greatest information gain and user tweet features as the user features. In addition, we performed a thorough evaluation of MGTAB and other public datasets. Our experiments found that graph-based approaches are generally more effective than feature-based approaches and perform better when introducing multiple relations. By analyzing experiment results, we identify effective approaches for account detection and provide potential future research directions in this field. Our benchmark and standardized evaluation procedures are freely available at: https://github.com/GraphDetec/MGTAB.