Cross-view geo-localization aims to spot images of the same location shot from two platforms, e.g., the drone platform and the satellite platform. Existing methods usually focus on optimizing the distance between one embedding with others in the feature space, while neglecting the redundancy of the embedding itself. In this paper, we argue that the low redundancy is also of importance, which motivates the model to mine more diverse patterns. To verify this point, we introduce a simple yet effective regularization, i.e., Dynamic Weighted Decorrelation Regularization (DWDR), to explicitly encourage networks to learn independent embedding channels. As the name implies, DWDR regresses the embedding correlation coefficient matrix to a sparse matrix, i.e., the identity matrix, with dynamic weights. The dynamic weights are applied to focus on still correlated channels during training. Besides, we propose a cross-view symmetric sampling strategy, which keeps the example balance between different platforms. Albeit simple, the proposed method has achieved competitive results on three large-scale benchmarks, i.e., University-1652, CVUSA and CVACT. Moreover, under the harsh circumstance, e.g., the extremely short feature of 64 dimensions, the proposed method surpasses the baseline model by a clear margin.
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过去,图像检索是用于跨视图地理位置和无人机视觉本地化任务的主流解决方案。简而言之,图像检索的方式是通过过渡角度获得最终所需的信息,例如GPS。但是,图像检索的方式并非完全端到端。并且有一些多余的操作,例如需要提前准备功能库以及画廊构造的抽样间隔问题,这使得很难实施大规模应用程序。在本文中,我们提出了一个端到端定位方案,使用图像(FPI)查找点,该方案旨在通过源A的图像(无人机 - - 看法)。为了验证我们的框架的可行性,我们构建了一个新的数据集(UL14),该数据集旨在解决无人机视觉自我定位任务。同时,我们还建立了一个基于变压器的基线以实现端到端培训。另外,先前的评估方法不再适用于FPI框架。因此,提出了米级准确性(MA)和相对距离评分(RDS)来评估无人机定位的准确性。同时,我们初步比较了FPI和图像检索方法,而FPI的结构在速度和效率方面都可以提高性能。特别是,由于不同观点与剧烈的空间量表转换之间的巨大差异,FPI的任务仍然是巨大的挑战。
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地理定位的概念是指确定地球上的某些“实体”的位置的过程,通常使用全球定位系统(GPS)坐标。感兴趣的实体可以是图像,图像序列,视频,卫星图像,甚至图像中可见的物体。由于GPS标记媒体的大规模数据集由于智能手机和互联网而迅速变得可用,而深入学习已经上升以提高机器学习模型的性能能力,因此由于其显着影响而出现了视觉和对象地理定位的领域广泛的应用,如增强现实,机器人,自驾驶车辆,道路维护和3D重建。本文提供了对涉及图像的地理定位的全面调查,其涉及从捕获图像(图像地理定位)或图像内的地理定位对象(对象地理定位)的地理定位的综合调查。我们将提供深入的研究,包括流行算法的摘要,对所提出的数据集的描述以及性能结果的分析来说明每个字段的当前状态。
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Cross-view geo-localization aims to estimate the location of a query ground image by matching it to a reference geo-tagged aerial images database. As an extremely challenging task, its difficulties root in the drastic view changes and different capturing time between two views. Despite these difficulties, recent works achieve outstanding progress on cross-view geo-localization benchmarks. However, existing methods still suffer from poor performance on the cross-area benchmarks, in which the training and testing data are captured from two different regions. We attribute this deficiency to the lack of ability to extract the spatial configuration of visual feature layouts and models' overfitting on low-level details from the training set. In this paper, we propose GeoDTR which explicitly disentangles geometric information from raw features and learns the spatial correlations among visual features from aerial and ground pairs with a novel geometric layout extractor module. This module generates a set of geometric layout descriptors, modulating the raw features and producing high-quality latent representations. In addition, we elaborate on two categories of data augmentations, (i) Layout simulation, which varies the spatial configuration while keeping the low-level details intact. (ii) Semantic augmentation, which alters the low-level details and encourages the model to capture spatial configurations. These augmentations help to improve the performance of the cross-view geo-localization models, especially on the cross-area benchmarks. Moreover, we propose a counterfactual-based learning process to benefit the geometric layout extractor in exploring spatial information. Extensive experiments show that GeoDTR not only achieves state-of-the-art results but also significantly boosts the performance on same-area and cross-area benchmarks.
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近年来,已经产生了大量的视觉内容,并从许多领域共享,例如社交媒体平台,医学成像和机器人。这种丰富的内容创建和共享引入了新的挑战,特别是在寻找类似内容内容的图像检索(CBIR)-A的数据库中,即长期建立的研究区域,其中需要改进的效率和准确性来实时检索。人工智能在CBIR中取得了进展,并大大促进了实例搜索过程。在本调查中,我们审查了最近基于深度学习算法和技术开发的实例检索工作,通过深网络架构类型,深度功能,功能嵌入方法以及网络微调策略组织了调查。我们的调查考虑了各种各样的最新方法,在那里,我们识别里程碑工作,揭示各种方法之间的联系,并呈现常用的基准,评估结果,共同挑战,并提出未来的未来方向。
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Person re-identification (Re-ID) aims at retrieving a person of interest across multiple non-overlapping cameras. With the advancement of deep neural networks and increasing demand of intelligent video surveillance, it has gained significantly increased interest in the computer vision community. By dissecting the involved components in developing a person Re-ID system, we categorize it into the closed-world and open-world settings. The widely studied closed-world setting is usually applied under various research-oriented assumptions, and has achieved inspiring success using deep learning techniques on a number of datasets. We first conduct a comprehensive overview with in-depth analysis for closed-world person Re-ID from three different perspectives, including deep feature representation learning, deep metric learning and ranking optimization. With the performance saturation under closed-world setting, the research focus for person Re-ID has recently shifted to the open-world setting, facing more challenging issues. This setting is closer to practical applications under specific scenarios. We summarize the open-world Re-ID in terms of five different aspects. By analyzing the advantages of existing methods, we design a powerful AGW baseline, achieving state-of-the-art or at least comparable performance on twelve datasets for FOUR different Re-ID tasks. Meanwhile, we introduce a new evaluation metric (mINP) for person Re-ID, indicating the cost for finding all the correct matches, which provides an additional criteria to evaluate the Re-ID system for real applications. Finally, some important yet under-investigated open issues are discussed.
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基于无人机(UAV)基于无人机的视觉对象跟踪已实现了广泛的应用,并且由于其多功能性和有效性而引起了智能运输系统领域的越来越多的关注。作为深度学习革命性趋势的新兴力量,暹罗网络在基于无人机的对象跟踪中闪耀,其准确性,稳健性和速度有希望的平衡。由于开发了嵌入式处理器和深度神经网络的逐步优化,暹罗跟踪器获得了广泛的研究并实现了与无人机的初步组合。但是,由于无人机在板载计算资源和复杂的现实情况下,暹罗网络的空中跟踪仍然在许多方面都面临严重的障碍。为了进一步探索基于无人机的跟踪中暹罗网络的部署,这项工作对前沿暹罗跟踪器进行了全面的审查,以及使用典型的无人机板载处理器进行评估的详尽无人用分析。然后,进行板载测试以验证代表性暹罗跟踪器在现实世界无人机部署中的可行性和功效。此外,为了更好地促进跟踪社区的发展,这项工作分析了现有的暹罗跟踪器的局限性,并进行了以低弹片评估表示的其他实验。最后,深入讨论了基于无人机的智能运输系统的暹罗跟踪的前景。领先的暹罗跟踪器的统一框架,即代码库及其实验评估的结果,请访问https://github.com/vision4robotics/siamesetracking4uav。
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基于文本的人搜索是一项具有挑战性的任务,旨在搜索具有查询文本描述的图像库中具有相同身份的行人图像。近年来,基于文本的人搜索取得了良好的进步,而最先进的方法通过学习图像和文本之间的本地细粒度对应来实现出色的性能。但是,现有方法通过手工制作的拆分或外部工具从图像和文本中明确提取图像零件和文本短语,然后进行复杂的跨模式本地匹配。此外,现有方法很少考虑由图像特定信息引起的方式之间的信息不平等问题。在本文中,我们提出了一个有效的联合信息和语义对齐网络(ISANET),用于基于文本的人搜索。具体而言,我们首先设计一个特定图像的信息抑制模块,该模块分别通过关系引导定位和通道注意过滤抑制图像背景和环境因素。该设计可以有效地减轻信息不平等问题,并实现图像和文本之间的信息对齐。其次,我们建议一个隐性的本地对齐模块,以将图像和文本功能适应一组模态共享的语义主题中心,并隐式地学习图像和文本之间的本地细粒度对应关系,而无需其他监督信息和复杂的跨模式互动。此外,引入了全球一致性作为当地观点的补充。在多个数据库上进行的广泛实验证明了所提出的ISANET的有效性和优势。
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人重新识别(Reid)旨在从不同摄像机捕获的图像中检索一个人。对于基于深度学习的REID方法,已经证明,使用本地特征与人物图像的全局特征可以帮助为人员检索提供强大的特征表示。人类的姿势信息可以提供人体骨架的位置,有效地指导网络在这些关键领域更加关注这些关键领域,也可能有助于减少来自背景或闭塞的噪音分散。然而,先前与姿势相关的作品提出的方法可能无法充分利用姿势信息的好处,并没有考虑不同当地特征的不同贡献。在本文中,我们提出了一种姿势引导图注意网络,一个多分支架构,包括一个用于全局特征的一个分支,一个用于中粒体特征的一个分支,一个分支用于细粒度关键点特征。我们使用预先训练的姿势估计器来生成本地特征学习的关键点热图,并仔细设计图表卷积层以通过建模相似关系来重新评估提取的本地特征的贡献权重。实验结果表明我们对歧视特征学习的方法的有效性,我们表明我们的模型在几个主流评估数据集上实现了最先进的表演。我们还对我们的网络进行了大量的消融研究和设计不同类型的比较实验,以证明其有效性和鲁棒性,包括整体数据集,部分数据集,遮挡数据集和跨域测试。
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在深度学习研究中,自学学习(SSL)引起了极大的关注,引起了计算机视觉和遥感社区的兴趣。尽管计算机视觉取得了很大的成功,但SSL在地球观测领域的大部分潜力仍然锁定。在本文中,我们对在遥感的背景下为计算机视觉的SSL概念和最新发展提供了介绍,并回顾了SSL中的概念和最新发展。此外,我们在流行的遥感数据集上提供了现代SSL算法的初步基准,从而验证了SSL在遥感中的潜力,并提供了有关数据增强的扩展研究。最后,我们确定了SSL未来研究的有希望的方向的地球观察(SSL4EO),以铺平了两个领域的富有成效的相互作用。
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车辆重新识别(RE-ID)旨在通过不同的摄像机检索具有相同车辆ID的图像。当前的零件级特征学习方法通​​常通过统一的部门,外部工具或注意力建模来检测车辆零件。但是,此部分功能通常需要昂贵的额外注释,并在不可靠的零件遮罩预测的情况下导致次优性能。在本文中,我们提出了一个针对车辆重新ID的弱监督零件注意网络(Panet)和零件式网络(PMNET)。首先,Panet通过与零件相关的通道重新校准和基于群集的掩模生成无需车辆零件监管信息来定位车辆零件。其次,PMNET利用教师指导的学习来从锅et中提取特定于车辆的特定功能,并进行多尺度的全球零件特征提取。在推断过程中,PMNET可以自适应提取歧视零件特征,而无需围绕锅et定位,从而防止了不稳定的零件掩模预测。我们将重新ID问题作为一个多任务问题,并采用同质的不确定性来学习最佳的ID损失权衡。实验是在两个公共基准上进行的,这表明我们的方法优于最近的方法,这不需要额外的注释,即CMC@5的平均增加3.0%,而Veri776的MAP中不需要超过1.4%。此外,我们的方法可以扩展到遮挡的车辆重新ID任务,并具有良好的概括能力。
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遮挡对人重新识别(Reid)构成了重大挑战。现有方法通常依赖于外部工具来推断可见的身体部位,这在计算效率和Reid精度方面可能是次优。特别是,在面对复杂的闭塞时,它们可能会失败,例如行人之间的遮挡。因此,在本文中,我们提出了一种名为M质量感知部分模型(QPM)的新方法,用于遮挡鲁棒Reid。首先,我们建议共同学习零件特征和预测部分质量分数。由于没有提供质量注释,我们介绍了一种自动将低分分配给闭塞体部位的策略,从而削弱了遮挡体零落在Reid结果上的影响。其次,基于预测部分质量分数,我们提出了一种新颖的身份感知空间关注(ISA)模块。在该模块中,利用粗略标识感知功能来突出目标行人的像素,以便处理行人之间的遮挡。第三,我们设计了一种自适应和有效的方法,用于了解来自每个图像对的共同非遮挡区域的全局特征。这种设计至关重要,但经常被现有方法忽略。 QPM有三个关键优势:1)它不依赖于培训或推理阶段的任何外部工具; 2)它处理由物体和其他行人引起的闭塞; 3)它是高度计算效率。对闭塞Reid的四个流行数据库的实验结果证明QPM始终如一地以显着的利润方式优于最先进的方法。 QPM代码将被释放。
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We investigate composed image retrieval with text feedback. Users gradually look for the target of interest by moving from coarse to fine-grained feedback. However, existing methods merely focus on the latter, i.e, fine-grained search, by harnessing positive and negative pairs during training. This pair-based paradigm only considers the one-to-one distance between a pair of specific points, which is not aligned with the one-to-many coarse-grained retrieval process and compromises the recall rate. In an attempt to fill this gap, we introduce a unified learning approach to simultaneously modeling the coarse- and fine-grained retrieval by considering the multi-grained uncertainty. The key idea underpinning the proposed method is to integrate fine- and coarse-grained retrieval as matching data points with small and large fluctuations, respectively. Specifically, our method contains two modules: uncertainty modeling and uncertainty regularization. (1) The uncertainty modeling simulates the multi-grained queries by introducing identically distributed fluctuations in the feature space. (2) Based on the uncertainty modeling, we further introduce uncertainty regularization to adapt the matching objective according to the fluctuation range. Compared with existing methods, the proposed strategy explicitly prevents the model from pushing away potential candidates in the early stage, and thus improves the recall rate. On the three public datasets, i.e., FashionIQ, Fashion200k, and Shoes, the proposed method has achieved +4.03%, + 3.38%, and + 2.40% Recall@50 accuracy over a strong baseline, respectively.
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Recent years witnessed the breakthrough of face recognition with deep convolutional neural networks. Dozens of papers in the field of FR are published every year. Some of them were applied in the industrial community and played an important role in human life such as device unlock, mobile payment, and so on. This paper provides an introduction to face recognition, including its history, pipeline, algorithms based on conventional manually designed features or deep learning, mainstream training, evaluation datasets, and related applications. We have analyzed and compared state-of-the-art works as many as possible, and also carefully designed a set of experiments to find the effect of backbone size and data distribution. This survey is a material of the tutorial named The Practical Face Recognition Technology in the Industrial World in the FG2023.
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计算机视觉任务可以从估计突出物区域和这些对象区域之间的相互作用中受益。识别对象区域涉及利用预借鉴模型来执行对象检测,对象分割和/或对象姿势估计。但是,由于以下原因,在实践中不可行:1)预用模型的训练数据集的对象类别可能不会涵盖一般计算机视觉任务的所有对象类别,2)佩戴型模型训练数据集之间的域间隙并且目标任务的数据集可能会影响性能,3)预磨模模型中存在的偏差和方差可能泄漏到导致无意中偏置的目标模型的目标任务中。为了克服这些缺点,我们建议利用一系列视频帧捕获一组公共对象和它们之间的相互作用的公共基本原理,因此视频帧特征之间的共分割的概念可以用自动的能力装配模型专注于突出区域,以最终的方式提高潜在的任务的性能。在这方面,我们提出了一种称为“共分割激活模块”(COSAM)的通用模块,其可以被插入任何CNN,以促进基于CNN的任何CNN的概念在一系列视频帧特征中的关注。我们在三个基于视频的任务中展示Cosam的应用即1)基于视频的人Re-ID,2)视频字幕分类,并证明COSAM能够在视频帧中捕获突出区域,从而引导对于显着的性能改进以及可解释的关注图。
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改变布料的人重新识别(REID)是一个新出现的研究主题,旨在检索换衣服的行人。由于带有不同衣服的人类外观表现出较大的变化,因此现有方法很难提取歧视性和健壮的特征表示。当前的作品主要集中在身体形状或轮廓草图上,但是人类的语义信息以及换衣服之前和之后的行人特征的潜在一致性未被充分探索或被忽略。为了解决这些问题,在这项工作中,提出了一种新颖的语义意识到的注意力和视觉屏蔽网络,用于换衣服的人Reid(缩写为SAV),其中关键的想法是屏蔽与衣服外观相关的线索,只关注衣服的外观对视图/姿势变化不敏感的视觉语义信息。具体而言,首先采用了视觉语义编码器来基于人类语义分割信息来定位人体和服装区域。然后,提出了人类的语义注意模块(HSA),以突出显示人类的语义信息并重新授予视觉特征图。此外,视觉服装屏蔽模块(VCS)还旨在通过覆盖衣服区域并将模型集中在与衣服无关的视觉语义信息上来提取更健壮的特征代表。最重要的是,这两个模块在端到端统一框架中共同探索。广泛的实验表明,所提出的方法可以显着胜过最先进的方法,并且可以为换衣的人提取更健壮的特征。与FSAM(在CVPR 2021中发布)相比,该方法可以分别在LTCC和PRCC数据集上以MAP(RANK-1)的形式获得32.7%(16.5%)和14.9%( - )。
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The combination of global and partial features has been an essential solution to improve discriminative performances in person re-identification (Re-ID) tasks. Previous part-based methods mainly focus on locating regions with specific pre-defined semantics to learn local representations, which increases learning difficulty but not efficient or robust to scenarios with large variances. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end feature learning strategy integrating discriminative information with various granularities. We carefully design the Multiple Granularity Network (MGN), a multi-branch deep network architecture consisting of one branch for global feature representations and two branches for local feature representations. Instead of learning on semantic regions, we uniformly partition the images into several stripes, and vary the number of parts in different local branches to obtain local feature representations with multiple granularities. Comprehensive experiments implemented on the mainstream evaluation datasets including Market-1501, DukeMTMC-reid and CUHK03 indicate that our method robustly achieves state-of-the-art performances and outperforms any existing approaches by a large margin. For example, on Market-1501 dataset in single query mode, we obtain a top result of Rank-1/mAP=96.6%/94.2% with this method after re-ranking.
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Due to object detection's close relationship with video analysis and image understanding, it has attracted much research attention in recent years. Traditional object detection methods are built on handcrafted features and shallow trainable architectures. Their performance easily stagnates by constructing complex ensembles which combine multiple low-level image features with high-level context from object detectors and scene classifiers. With the rapid development in deep learning, more powerful tools, which are able to learn semantic, high-level, deeper features, are introduced to address the problems existing in traditional architectures. These models behave differently in network architecture, training strategy and optimization function, etc. In this paper, we provide a review on deep learning based object detection frameworks. Our review begins with a brief introduction on the history of deep learning and its representative tool, namely Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Then we focus on typical generic object detection architectures along with some modifications and useful tricks to improve detection performance further. As distinct specific detection tasks exhibit different characteristics, we also briefly survey several specific tasks, including salient object detection, face detection and pedestrian detection. Experimental analyses are also provided to compare various methods and draw some meaningful conclusions. Finally, several promising directions and tasks are provided to serve as guidelines for future work in both object detection and relevant neural network based learning systems.
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视频人群本地化是一项至关重要但又具有挑战性的任务,旨在估算给定拥挤视频中人头的确切位置。为了模拟人类活动性的时空依赖性,我们提出了多焦点高斯邻里注意力(GNA),可以有效利用远程对应关系,同时保持输入视频的空间拓扑结构。特别是,我们的GNA还可以使用配备的多聚焦机制良好地捕获人头的尺度变化。基于多聚焦GNA,我们开发了一个名为GNANET的统一神经网络,以通过场景建模模块和上下文交叉意见模块充分聚合时空信息来准确地定位视频片段中的头部中心。此外,为了促进该领域的未来研究,我们介绍了一个名为VScrowd的大规模人群视频基准,该视频由60k+框架组成,这些框架在各种监视场景和2M+头部注释中捕获。最后,我们在包括我们的SenseCrowd在内的三个数据集上进行了广泛的实验,实验结果表明,所提出的方法能够实现视频人群本地化和计数的最新性能。
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基于软马克斯的损失函数及其变体(例如,界面,圆顶和弧形)可显着改善野生无约束场景中的面部识别性能。这些算法的一种常见实践是对嵌入特征和线性转换矩阵之间的乘法进行优化。但是,在大多数情况下,基于传统的设计经验给出了嵌入功能的尺寸,并且在给出固定尺寸时,使用该功能本身提高性能的研究较少。为了应对这一挑战,本文提出了一种称为subface的软关系近似方法,该方法采用了子空间功能来促进面部识别的性能。具体而言,我们在训练过程中动态选择每个批次中的非重叠子空间特征,然后使用子空间特征在基于软磁性的损失之间近似完整功能,因此,深层模型的可区分性可以显着增强,以增强面部识别。在基准数据集上进行的综合实验表明,我们的方法可以显着提高香草CNN基线的性能,这强烈证明了基于利润率的损失的子空间策略的有效性。
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