Dialogue state tracking (DST) aims to convert the dialogue history into dialogue states which consist of slot-value pairs. As condensed structural information memorizing all history information, the dialogue state in the last turn is typically adopted as the input for predicting the current state by DST models. However, these models tend to keep the predicted slot values unchanged, which is defined as state momentum in this paper. Specifically, the models struggle to update slot values that need to be changed and correct wrongly predicted slot values in the last turn. To this end, we propose MoNET to tackle state momentum via noise-enhanced training. First, the previous state of each turn in the training data is noised via replacing some of its slot values. Then, the noised previous state is used as the input to learn to predict the current state, improving the model's ability to update and correct slot values. Furthermore, a contrastive context matching framework is designed to narrow the representation distance between a state and its corresponding noised variant, which reduces the impact of noised state and makes the model better understand the dialogue history. Experimental results on MultiWOZ datasets show that MoNET outperforms previous DST methods. Ablations and analysis verify the effectiveness of MoNET in alleviating state momentum and improving anti-noise ability.

个性化联合学习（FL）促进了多个客户之间的合作，以学习个性化模型而无需共享私人数据。该机制减轻了系统中通常遇到的统计异质性，即不同客户端的非IID数据。现有的个性化算法通常假设所有客户自愿进行个性化。但是，潜在的参与者可能仍然不愿个性化模型，因为他们可能无法正常工作。在这种情况下，客户选择使用全局模型。为了避免做出不切实际的假设，我们介绍了个性化率，该率是愿意培训个性化模型，将其介绍给联合设置并提出DYPFL的客户的比例。这种动态个性化的FL技术激励客户参与个性化本地模型，同时允许在整体模型表现更好时采用全球模型。我们表明，DYPFL中的算法管道可以保证良好的收敛性能，从而使其在广泛的条件下优于替代性个性化方法，包括异质性，客户端数量，本地时期和批量尺寸的变化。

We solve a fundamental challenge in semiconductor IC design: the fast and accurate characterization of nanoscale photonic devices. Much like the fusion between AI and EDA, many efforts have been made to apply DNNs such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) to prototype and characterize next-gen optoelectronic devices commonly found in photonic integrated circuits (PIC) and LiDAR. These prior works generally strive to predict the quality factor (Q) and modal volume (V) of for instance, photonic crystals, with ultra-high accuracy and speed. However, state-of-the-art models are still far from being directly applicable in the real-world: e.g. the correlation coefficient of V ($V_{coeff}$ ) is only about 80%, which is much lower than what it takes to generate reliable and reproducible nanophotonic designs. Recently, attention-based transformer models have attracted extensive interests and been widely used in CV and NLP. In this work, we propose the first-ever Transformer model (POViT) to efficiently design and simulate semiconductor photonic devices with multiple objectives. Unlike the standard Vision Transformer (ViT), we supplied photonic crystals as data input and changed the activation layer from GELU to an absolute-value function (ABS). Our experiments show that POViT exceeds results reported by previous models significantly. The correlation coefficient $V_{coeff}$ increases by over 12% (i.e., to 92.0%) and the prediction errors of Q is reduced by an order of magnitude, among several other key metric improvements. Our work has the potential to drive the expansion of EDA to fully automated photonic design. The complete dataset and code will be released to aid researchers endeavoring in the interdisciplinary field of physics and computer science.

联合学习是一个分布式机器学习机制，本地设备在中央服务器的编排中协作培训共享全局模型，同时保留所有私有数据分散。在系统中，传输模型参数及其更新而不是原始数据，因此通信瓶颈已成为一个关键挑战。此外，近期的较大和更深层次的机器学习模型也在将它们部署到联邦环境中的困难造成更多困难。在本文中，我们设计了一个联合的两阶段学习框架，即在设备上使用切割层增强了原型联合学习，并使用基于符号的随机梯度下降与大多数投票方法进行模型更新。剪切图层在设备上学习本地原始数据的信息和低维表示，有助于减少全局模型参数并防止数据泄漏。基于符号的SGD与大多数投票方式进行模型更新，也有助于缓解通信限制。凭经验，我们表明我们的系统是一种有效和隐私，保留联合学习计划和适用于一般应用方案的诉讼。

Recent research has reported a performance degradation in self-supervised contrastive learning for specially designed efficient networks, such as MobileNet and EfficientNet. A common practice to address this problem is to introduce a pretrained contrastive teacher model and train the lightweight networks with distillation signals generated by the teacher. However, it is time and resource consuming to pretrain a teacher model when it is not available. In this work, we aim to establish a stronger baseline for lightweight contrastive models without using a pretrained teacher model. Specifically, we show that the optimal recipe for efficient models is different from that of larger models, and using the same training settings as ResNet50, as previous research does, is inappropriate. Additionally, we observe a common issu e in contrastive learning where either the positive or negative views can be noisy, and propose a smoothed version of InfoNCE loss to alleviate this problem. As a result, we successfully improve the linear evaluation results from 36.3\% to 62.3\% for MobileNet-V3-Large and from 42.2\% to 65.8\% for EfficientNet-B0 on ImageNet, closing the accuracy gap to ResNet50 with $5\times$ fewer parameters. We hope our research will facilitate the usage of lightweight contrastive models.

在本文中，我们考虑点击率（CTR）预测问题。因子化机器及其变体考虑配对特征交互，但通常我们不会由于高时间复杂度而使用FM进行高阶功能交互。鉴于许多领域的深度神经网络（DNN）的成功，研究人员提出了几种基于DNN的模型来学习高阶功能交互。已广泛用于从功能嵌入到最终登录的功能嵌入的可靠映射，从而广泛使用多层。在本文中，我们的目标是更多地探索这些高阶功能的交互。然而，高阶特征互动值得更加关注和进一步发展。灵感来自计算机愿景中密集连接的卷积网络（DENSENET）的巨大成就，我们提出了一种新颖的模型，称为殷勤基于DENENET的分解机（ADNFM）。 ADNFM可以通过使用前馈神经网络的所有隐藏层作为隐式的高阶功能来提取更全面的深度功能，然后通过注意机制选择主导特征。此外，使用DNN的隐式方式的高阶交互比以明确的方式更具成本效益，例如在FM中。两个真实数据集的广泛实验表明，所提出的模型可以有效地提高CTR预测的性能。

In this paper, we propose a robust 3D detector, named Cross Modal Transformer (CMT), for end-to-end 3D multi-modal detection. Without explicit view transformation, CMT takes the image and point clouds tokens as inputs and directly outputs accurate 3D bounding boxes. The spatial alignment of multi-modal tokens is performed implicitly, by encoding the 3D points into multi-modal features. The core design of CMT is quite simple while its performance is impressive. CMT obtains 73.0% NDS on nuScenes benchmark. Moreover, CMT has a strong robustness even if the LiDAR is missing. Code will be released at https://github.com/junjie18/CMT.

Dataset distillation has emerged as a prominent technique to improve data efficiency when training machine learning models. It encapsulates the knowledge from a large dataset into a smaller synthetic dataset. A model trained on this smaller distilled dataset can attain comparable performance to a model trained on the original training dataset. However, the existing dataset distillation techniques mainly aim at achieving the best trade-off between resource usage efficiency and model utility. The security risks stemming from them have not been explored. This study performs the first backdoor attack against the models trained on the data distilled by dataset distillation models in the image domain. Concretely, we inject triggers into the synthetic data during the distillation procedure rather than during the model training stage, where all previous attacks are performed. We propose two types of backdoor attacks, namely NAIVEATTACK and DOORPING. NAIVEATTACK simply adds triggers to the raw data at the initial distillation phase, while DOORPING iteratively updates the triggers during the entire distillation procedure. We conduct extensive evaluations on multiple datasets, architectures, and dataset distillation techniques. Empirical evaluation shows that NAIVEATTACK achieves decent attack success rate (ASR) scores in some cases, while DOORPING reaches higher ASR scores (close to 1.0) in all cases. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive ablation study to analyze the factors that may affect the attack performance. Finally, we evaluate multiple defense mechanisms against our backdoor attacks and show that our attacks can practically circumvent these defense mechanisms.

Automatic music generation with artificial intelligence typically requires a large amount of data which is hard to obtain for many less common genres and musical instruments. To tackle this issue, we present ongoing work and preliminary findings on the possibility for deep models to transfer knowledge from language to music, by finetuning large language models pre-trained on a massive text corpus on only hundreds of MIDI files of drum performances. We show that by doing so, one of the largest, state-of-the-art models (GPT3) is capable of generating reasonable drum grooves, while models that are not pre-trained (Transformer) shows no such ability beyond naive repetition. Evaluating generated music is a challenging task, more so is evaluating drum grooves with little precedence in literature. Hence, we propose a tailored structural evaluation method and analyze drum grooves produced by GPT3 compared to those played by human professionals, exposing the strengths and weaknesses of such generation by language-to-music transfer. Our findings suggest that language-to-music transfer learning with large language models is viable and promising.

Few Shot Instance Segmentation (FSIS) requires models to detect and segment novel classes with limited several support examples. In this work, we explore a simple yet unified solution for FSIS as well as its incremental variants, and introduce a new framework named Reference Twice (RefT) to fully explore the relationship between support/query features based on a Transformer-like framework. Our key insights are two folds: Firstly, with the aid of support masks, we can generate dynamic class centers more appropriately to re-weight query features. Secondly, we find that support object queries have already encoded key factors after base training. In this way, the query features can be enhanced twice from two aspects, i.e., feature-level and instance-level. In particular, we firstly design a mask-based dynamic weighting module to enhance support features and then propose to link object queries for better calibration via cross-attention. After the above steps, the novel classes can be improved significantly over our strong baseline. Additionally, our new framework can be easily extended to incremental FSIS with minor modification. When benchmarking results on the COCO dataset for FSIS, gFSIS, and iFSIS settings, our method achieves a competitive performance compared to existing approaches across different shots, e.g., we boost nAP by noticeable +8.2/+9.4 over the current state-of-the-art FSIS method for 10/30-shot. We further demonstrate the superiority of our approach on Few Shot Object Detection. Code and model will be available.