Privacy policies provide individuals with information about their rights and how their personal information is handled. Natural language understanding (NLU) technologies can support individuals and practitioners to understand better privacy practices described in lengthy and complex documents. However, existing efforts that use NLU technologies are limited by processing the language in a way exclusive to a single task focusing on certain privacy practices. To this end, we introduce the Privacy Policy Language Understanding Evaluation (PLUE) benchmark, a multi-task benchmark for evaluating the privacy policy language understanding across various tasks. We also collect a large corpus of privacy policies to enable privacy policy domain-specific language model pre-training. We demonstrate that domain-specific pre-training offers performance improvements across all tasks. We release the benchmark to encourage future research in this domain.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

Weakly-supervised text classification aims to train a classifier using only class descriptions and unlabeled data. Recent research shows that keyword-driven methods can achieve state-of-the-art performance on various tasks. However, these methods not only rely on carefully-crafted class descriptions to obtain class-specific keywords but also require substantial amount of unlabeled data and takes a long time to train. This paper proposes FastClass, an efficient weakly-supervised classification approach. It uses dense text representation to retrieve class-relevant documents from external unlabeled corpus and selects an optimal subset to train a classifier. Compared to keyword-driven methods, our approach is less reliant on initial class descriptions as it no longer needs to expand each class description into a set of class-specific keywords. Experiments on a wide range of classification tasks show that the proposed approach frequently outperforms keyword-driven models in terms of classification accuracy and often enjoys orders-of-magnitude faster training speed.

Speech representation learning has improved both speech understanding and speech synthesis tasks for single language. However, its ability in cross-lingual scenarios has not been explored. In this paper, we extend the pretraining method for cross-lingual multi-speaker speech synthesis tasks, including cross-lingual multi-speaker voice cloning and cross-lingual multi-speaker speech editing. We propose a speech-text joint pretraining framework, where we randomly mask the spectrogram and the phonemes given a speech example and its transcription. By learning to reconstruct the masked parts of the input in different languages, our model shows great improvements over speaker-embedding-based multi-speaker TTS methods. Moreover, our framework is end-to-end for both the training and the inference without any finetuning effort. In cross-lingual multi-speaker voice cloning and cross-lingual multi-speaker speech editing tasks, our experiments show that our model outperforms speaker-embedding-based multi-speaker TTS methods. The code and model are publicly available at PaddleSpeech.

卷积神经网络（CNN）通过深度体系结构获得了出色的性能。但是，这些CNN在复杂的场景下通常对图像超分辨率（SR）实现较差的鲁棒性。在本文中，我们通过利用不同类型的结构信息来获得高质量图像，提出了异质组SR CNN（HGSRCNN）。具体而言，HGSRCNN的每个异质组块（HGB）都采用含有对称组卷积块和互补的卷积块的异质体系结构，并以平行方式增强不同渠道的内部和外部关系，以促进富裕类型的较富裕类型的信息， 。为了防止出现获得的冗余功能，以串行方式具有信号增强功能的完善块旨在过滤无用的信息。为了防止原始信息的丢失，多级增强机制指导CNN获得对称架构，以促进HGSRCNN的表达能力。此外，开发了一种平行的向上采样机制来训练盲目的SR模型。广泛的实验表明，在定量和定性分析方面，提出的HGSRCNN获得了出色的SR性能。可以在https://github.com/hellloxiaotian/hgsrcnn上访问代码。

本文回顾了AIM 2022上压缩图像和视频超级分辨率的挑战。这项挑战包括两条曲目。轨道1的目标是压缩图像的超分辨率，轨迹〜2靶向压缩视频的超分辨率。在轨道1中，我们使用流行的数据集DIV2K作为培训，验证和测试集。在轨道2中，我们提出了LDV 3.0数据集，其中包含365个视频，包括LDV 2.0数据集（335个视频）和30个其他视频。在这一挑战中，有12支球队和2支球队分别提交了赛道1和赛道2的最终结果。所提出的方法和解决方案衡量了压缩图像和视频上超分辨率的最先进。提出的LDV 3.0数据集可在https://github.com/renyang-home/ldv_dataset上找到。此挑战的首页是在https://github.com/renyang-home/aim22_compresssr。

低光视频增强（LLVE）是许多应用程序，例如拍摄和自动驾驶，是一项重要但艰巨的任务。与单图像低光增强不同，大多数LLVE方法都利用相邻帧的时间信息来恢复颜色并删除目标框架的噪声。但是，这些算法基于多帧对齐和增强的框架，在遇到极端低光或快速运动时可能会产生多帧融合工件。在本文中，受到低潜伏期和高动态事件范围的启发，我们使用来自多个帧的合成事件来指导低光视频的增强和恢复。我们的方法包含三个阶段：1）事件合成和增强，2）事件和图像融合，以及3）低光增强。在此框架中，我们分别为第二阶段和第三阶段设计了两个新型模块（事件图像融合变换和事件引导的双分支）。广泛的实验表明，我们的方法在合成数据集和真实LLVE数据集上都优于现有的低光视频或单个图像增强方法。

人工智能的最新进展在很大程度上受益于更好的神经网络体系结构。这些体系结构是昂贵的反复试验过程的产物。为了简化此过程，我们开发了Archexplorer，这是一种视觉分析方法，用于了解神经体系结构空间并汇总设计原理。我们方法背后的关键思想是通过利用体系结构之间的结构距离来解释建筑空间。我们将成对距离的计算提出解决，以解决全对最短路径问题。为了提高效率，我们将此问题分解为一组最短的路径问题。时间复杂性从O（KN^2n）降低到O（KNN）。根据它们之间的距离，构造在层次上聚集。已经开发了基于圆圈的架构可视化，以传达群集和每个集群中架构的本地社区之间的全球关系。提出了两项​​案例研究和一项分析后，以证明Argsplorer在总结设计原理和选择表现更好的架构方面的有效性。

为了使婴儿脑瘫（CP）的早期医疗干预，早期诊断出脑损伤至关重要。尽管一般运动评估（GMA）在早期CP检测中显示出令人鼓舞的结果，但它很费力。大多数现有作品都以视频为输入，以对GMA自动化进行烦躁的动作（FMS）分类。这些方法需要对视频进行完整的观察，并且无法本地化包含正常FMS的视频帧。因此，我们提出了一种名为WO-GMA的新颖方法，以在弱监督的在线环境中执行FMS本地化。首先将婴儿体重点作为WO-GMA的输入提取。然后，WO-GMA执行本地时空提取，然后进行两个网络分支，以生成伪夹标签和模型在线操作。凭借剪辑级伪标签，动作建模分支学会以在线方式检测FMS。具有757个不同婴儿视频的数据集上的实验结果表明，WO-GMA可以获得最新的视频级别分类和Cliplevel检测结果。此外，仅需要前20％的视频持续时间才能获得与完全观察到的分类结果，这意味着FMS诊断时间大大缩短了。代码可在以下网址获得：https：//github.com/scofiedluo/wo-gma。

尽管完全监督的人类骨架序列建模成功，但使用自我监督的预训练进行骨架序列表示学习一直是一个活跃的领域，因为很难在大规模上获取特定于任务的骨骼注释。最近的研究重点是使用对比学习学习视频级别的时间和歧视性信息，但忽略了人类骨骼的层次空间时间。与视频级别的这种表面监督不同，我们提出了一种自我监督的分层预训练方案，该方案纳入了基于层次变压器的骨骼骨骼序列编码器（HI-TRS），以明确捕获空间，短期和长期和长期框架，剪辑和视频级别的时间依赖性分别。为了通过HI-TR评估提出的自我监督预训练方案，我们进行了广泛的实验，涵盖了三个基于骨架的下游任务，包括动作识别，动作检测和运动预测。根据监督和半监督评估协议，我们的方法实现了最新的性能。此外，我们证明了我们的模型在训练阶段中学到的先验知识具有强大的下游任务的转移能力。