以自我为中心的视频为人类行为的高保真建模提供了细粒度的信息。手和互动对象是理解观众的行为和意图的一个关键方面。我们提供了一个标记的数据集，该数据集由11,243张以egentric的图像组成，并在各种日常活动中与手动和物体相互作用的每个像素分割标签。我们的数据集是第一个标记详细的手动触点边界的数据集。我们介绍了一种上下文感知的组成数据增强技术，以适应YouTube Eginbecentric视频的分布。我们表明，我们的强大手动分割模型和数据集可以作为基础工具，以提高或启用几个下游视觉应用程序，包括手状态分类，视频活动识别，3D网格对手相互作用的3D网格重建以及视频的视频介绍。 - 以自我为中心的视频中的对象前景。数据集和代码可在以下网址找到：https：//github.com/owenzlz/egohos

3D重建是计算机视觉中的一个基本问题，当重建对象被部分或完全遮住时，任务尤其具有挑战性。我们介绍了一种使用未观察到的对象施放的阴影的方法，以推断遮挡背后的3D卷。我们创建一个可区分的图像形成模型，使我们能够共同推断物体的3D形状，其姿势和光源的位置。由于该方法是端到端可区分的，因此我们能够集成对象几何学的学习先验，以生成不同对象类别的现实3D形状。实验和可视化表明该方法能够生成与阴影观察一致的多个可能的解决方案。即使光源和物体姿势的位置都未知，我们的方法也起作用。我们的方法对现实世界的图像也很强，而地面真实的阴影面罩未知。

能够可靠地估计来自视频的生理信号是低成本，临床前健康监测的强大工具。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种新的远程光学仪器描绘（RPPG）的新方法 - 从人脸或皮肤的观察结果测量血液体积的变化。类似于RPPG的当前最先进的方法，我们应用神经网络，以便在滋扰图像变异的不变性中学习深度表示。与此类方法相比，我们采用了一个完全自我监督的培训方法，这毫无依赖于昂贵的地面真理生理培训数据。我们所提出的方法在频率和时间光滑的频率和兴趣信号的时间平滑之前使用对比学习。我们在四个RPPG数据集中评估我们的方法，显示与最近监督的深度学习方法相比，可以实现可比或更好的结果，但不使用任何注释。此外，我们还将学习的显着重采样模块纳入了我们无监督的方法和监督基线。我们表明，通过允许模型来了解输入图像的位置，我们可以减少手工工程功能的需要，同时为模型的行为和可能的故障模式提供一些可解释性。我们释放守则以获得我们完整的培训和评估管道，以鼓励在这种激动人心的新方向上的可重复进展。

New architecture GPUs like A100 are now equipped with multi-instance GPU (MIG) technology, which allows the GPU to be partitioned into multiple small, isolated instances. This technology provides more flexibility for users to support both deep learning training and inference workloads, but efficiently utilizing it can still be challenging. The vision of this paper is to provide a more comprehensive and practical benchmark study for MIG in order to eliminate the need for tedious manual benchmarking and tuning efforts. To achieve this vision, the paper presents MIGPerf, an open-source tool that streamlines the benchmark study for MIG. Using MIGPerf, the authors conduct a series of experiments, including deep learning training and inference characterization on MIG, GPU sharing characterization, and framework compatibility with MIG. The results of these experiments provide new insights and guidance for users to effectively employ MIG, and lay the foundation for further research on the orchestration of hybrid training and inference workloads on MIGs. The code and results are released on https://github.com/MLSysOps/MIGProfiler. This work is still in progress and more results will be published soon.

Tobacco origin identification is significantly important in tobacco industry. Modeling analysis for sensor data with near infrared spectroscopy has become a popular method for rapid detection of internal features. However, for sensor data analysis using traditional artificial neural network or deep network models, the training process is extremely time-consuming. In this paper, a novel broad learning system with Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy subsystem is proposed for rapid identification of tobacco origin. Incremental learning is employed in the proposed method, which obtains the weight matrix of the network after a very small amount of computation, resulting in much shorter training time for the model, with only about 3 seconds for the extra step training. The experimental results show that the TS fuzzy subsystem can extract features from the near infrared data and effectively improve the recognition performance. The proposed method can achieve the highest prediction accuracy (95.59 %) in comparison to the traditional classification algorithms, artificial neural network, and deep convolutional neural network, and has a great advantage in the training time with only about 128 seconds.

Accurate modeling of ship performance is crucial for the shipping industry to optimize fuel consumption and subsequently reduce emissions. However, predicting the speed-power relation in real-world conditions remains a challenge. In this study, we used in-service monitoring data from multiple vessels with different hull shapes to compare the accuracy of data-driven machine learning (ML) algorithms to traditional methods for assessing ship performance. Our analysis consists of two main parts: (1) a comparison of sea trial curves with calm-water curves fitted on operational data, and (2) a benchmark of multiple added wave resistance theories with an ML-based approach. Our results showed that a simple neural network outperformed established semi-empirical formulas following first principles. The neural network only required operational data as input, while the traditional methods required extensive ship particulars that are often unavailable. These findings suggest that data-driven algorithms may be more effective for predicting ship performance in practical applications.

As a common appearance defect of concrete bridges, cracks are important indices for bridge structure health assessment. Although there has been much research on crack identification, research on the evolution mechanism of bridge cracks is still far from practical applications. In this paper, the state-of-the-art research on intelligent theories and methodologies for intelligent feature extraction, data fusion and crack detection based on data-driven approaches is comprehensively reviewed. The research is discussed from three aspects: the feature extraction level of the multimodal parameters of bridge cracks, the description level and the diagnosis level of the bridge crack damage states. We focus on previous research concerning the quantitative characterization problems of multimodal parameters of bridge cracks and their implementation in crack identification, while highlighting some of their major drawbacks. In addition, the current challenges and potential future research directions are discussed.

Two approaches to AI, neural networks and symbolic systems, have been proven very successful for an array of AI problems. However, neither has been able to achieve the general reasoning ability required for human-like intelligence. It has been argued that this is due to inherent weaknesses in each approach. Luckily, these weaknesses appear to be complementary, with symbolic systems being adept at the kinds of things neural networks have trouble with and vice-versa. The field of neural-symbolic AI attempts to exploit this asymmetry by combining neural networks and symbolic AI into integrated systems. Often this has been done by encoding symbolic knowledge into neural networks. Unfortunately, although many different methods for this have been proposed, there is no common definition of an encoding to compare them. We seek to rectify this problem by introducing a semantic framework for neural-symbolic AI, which is then shown to be general enough to account for a large family of neural-symbolic systems. We provide a number of examples and proofs of the application of the framework to the neural encoding of various forms of knowledge representation and neural network. These, at first sight disparate approaches, are all shown to fall within the framework's formal definition of what we call semantic encoding for neural-symbolic AI.

Diffusion models have shown a great ability at bridging the performance gap between predictive and generative approaches for speech enhancement. We have shown that they may even outperform their predictive counterparts for non-additive corruption types or when they are evaluated on mismatched conditions. However, diffusion models suffer from a high computational burden, mainly as they require to run a neural network for each reverse diffusion step, whereas predictive approaches only require one pass. As diffusion models are generative approaches they may also produce vocalizing and breathing artifacts in adverse conditions. In comparison, in such difficult scenarios, predictive models typically do not produce such artifacts but tend to distort the target speech instead, thereby degrading the speech quality. In this work, we present a stochastic regeneration approach where an estimate given by a predictive model is provided as a guide for further diffusion. We show that the proposed approach uses the predictive model to remove the vocalizing and breathing artifacts while producing very high quality samples thanks to the diffusion model, even in adverse conditions. We further show that this approach enables to use lighter sampling schemes with fewer diffusion steps without sacrificing quality, thus lifting the computational burden by an order of magnitude. Source code and audio examples are available online (https://uhh.de/inf-sp-storm).

Market sentiment analysis on social media content requires knowledge of both financial markets and social media jargon, which makes it a challenging task for human raters. The resulting lack of high-quality labeled data stands in the way of conventional supervised learning methods. Instead, we approach this problem using semi-supervised learning with a large language model (LLM). Our pipeline generates weak financial sentiment labels for Reddit posts with an LLM and then uses that data to train a small model that can be served in production. We find that prompting the LLM to produce Chain-of-Thought summaries and forcing it through several reasoning paths helps generate more stable and accurate labels, while using a regression loss further improves distillation quality. With only a handful of prompts, the final model performs on par with existing supervised models. Though production applications of our model are limited by ethical considerations, the model's competitive performance points to the great potential of using LLMs for tasks that otherwise require skill-intensive annotation.