当前的电力和天然气（NG）基础设施的快速转变必须达到中世纪的二氧化碳排放量减少目标。这需要在代表性的需求和供应模式，运营限制和政策注意事项下对联合Power-NG系统进行长期计划。我们的工作是由与解决Power-NG系统联合计划的生成和传输扩展问题（GTEP）相关的计算和实际挑战所激发的。具体而言，我们专注于从相应网络中有效从功率和NG数据中提取一组代表日，并使用此组来减少解决GTEP所需的计算负担。我们为多个时间分辨率能源系统（游戏）提出了一个图形自动编码器，以捕获相互依存网络中的时空需求模式，并说明可用数据的时间分辨率的差异。所得的嵌入在聚类算法中用于选择代表日。我们评估了方法在解决新英格兰联合Power-NG系统校准的GTEP公式方面的有效性。该公式说明了功率和NG系统之间的物理相互依赖性，包括关节排放约束。我们的结果表明，从游戏中获得的代表日的集合不仅使我们能够谨慎地解决GTEP公式，而且还可以实现实施联合计划决策的较低成本。

运输网络中的模态拆分预测有可能支持网络运营商管理交通拥堵和提高运输服务可靠性。我们专注于使用高维旅行时间数据选择一种运输方式而不是另一种运输方式的旅行者的小时预测问题。我们使用逻辑回归作为基本模型，并采用各种正则化技术来进行可变选择，以防止过度拟合和解决多重共线性问题。重要的是，我们解释了模态拆分和旅行者对旅行时间变化的总体反应性的固有变异性的预测准确性结果。通过可视化模型参数，我们得出的结论是，发现对预测精度从每小时到小时的变化很重要，并包括拓扑核心和/或高度拥挤的段。我们将我们的方法应用于旧金山湾区高速公路和快速运输网络，并与预先指定的变量选择方法相比，我们的方法具有卓越的预测准确性和解释性。

空中图像为应对飓风等自然灾害提供了重要的情境意识。它们非常适合提供损坏估算和本地化的信息（Del）;即，表征灾难后损坏的类型和空间程度。尽管最近进行了传感和无人空中系统技术的进步，但大部分灾后的空中图像仍然由手持式DSLR摄像机，从小，载人的固定翼飞机。但是，这些手持式摄像机缺乏IMU信息，并且通过运营商机会拍摄的图像。因此，来自此图像的DEL仍然是一个高度手动和耗时的过程。我们提出了一种方法来检测航空图像中的损坏，并在世界坐标中本地化，专注于检测和定位洪水。该方法是基于使用运动的结构通过投影转换将图像坐标与世界坐标联系起来，使用类激活映射来检测图像中损坏的程度，并将投射转换应用于本地化世界坐标损坏。我们评估了我们在2016年路易斯安那州洪水的事件后数据上的绩效，并发现我们的方法达到了88％的精确度。鉴于使用有限数据的这种高精度，我们认为这种方法目前是可行的，用于从手持空中图像进行灾难反应的快速和有效的德。

Radiance Fields (RF) are popular to represent casually-captured scenes for new view generation and have been used for applications beyond it. Understanding and manipulating scenes represented as RFs have to naturally follow to facilitate mixed reality on personal spaces. Semantic segmentation of objects in the 3D scene is an important step for that. Prior segmentation efforts using feature distillation show promise but don't scale to complex objects with diverse appearance. We present a framework to interactively segment objects with fine structure. Nearest neighbor feature matching identifies high-confidence regions of the objects using distilled features. Bilateral filtering in a joint spatio-semantic space grows the region to recover accurate segmentation. We show state-of-the-art results of segmenting objects from RFs and compositing them to another scene, changing appearance, etc., moving closer to rich scene manipulation and understanding. Project Page: https://rahul-goel.github.io/isrf/

Performance metrics-driven context caching has a profound impact on throughput and response time in distributed context management systems for real-time context queries. This paper proposes a reinforcement learning based approach to adaptively cache context with the objective of minimizing the cost incurred by context management systems in responding to context queries. Our novel algorithms enable context queries and sub-queries to reuse and repurpose cached context in an efficient manner. This approach is distinctive to traditional data caching approaches by three main features. First, we make selective context cache admissions using no prior knowledge of the context, or the context query load. Secondly, we develop and incorporate innovative heuristic models to calculate expected performance of caching an item when making the decisions. Thirdly, our strategy defines a time-aware continuous cache action space. We present two reinforcement learning agents, a value function estimating actor-critic agent and a policy search agent using deep deterministic policy gradient method. The paper also proposes adaptive policies such as eviction and cache memory scaling to complement our objective. Our method is evaluated using a synthetically generated load of context sub-queries and a synthetic data set inspired from real world data and query samples. We further investigate optimal adaptive caching configurations under different settings. This paper presents, compares, and discusses our findings that the proposed selective caching methods reach short- and long-term cost- and performance-efficiency. The paper demonstrates that the proposed methods outperform other modes of context management such as redirector mode, and database mode, and cache all policy by up to 60% in cost efficiency.

Stylized view generation of scenes captured casually using a camera has received much attention recently. The geometry and appearance of the scene are typically captured as neural point sets or neural radiance fields in the previous work. An image stylization method is used to stylize the captured appearance by training its network jointly or iteratively with the structure capture network. The state-of-the-art SNeRF method trains the NeRF and stylization network in an alternating manner. These methods have high training time and require joint optimization. In this work, we present StyleTRF, a compact, quick-to-optimize strategy for stylized view generation using TensoRF. The appearance part is fine-tuned using sparse stylized priors of a few views rendered using the TensoRF representation for a few iterations. Our method thus effectively decouples style-adaption from view capture and is much faster than the previous methods. We show state-of-the-art results on several scenes used for this purpose.

Language models are widely deployed to provide automatic text completion services in user products. However, recent research has revealed that language models (especially large ones) bear considerable risk of memorizing private training data, which is then vulnerable to leakage and extraction by adversaries. In this study, we test the efficacy of a range of privacy-preserving techniques to mitigate unintended memorization of sensitive user text, while varying other factors such as model size and adversarial conditions. We test both "heuristic" mitigations (those without formal privacy guarantees) and Differentially Private training, which provides provable levels of privacy at the cost of some model performance. Our experiments show that (with the exception of L2 regularization), heuristic mitigations are largely ineffective in preventing memorization in our test suite, possibly because they make too strong of assumptions about the characteristics that define "sensitive" or "private" text. In contrast, Differential Privacy reliably prevents memorization in our experiments, despite its computational and model-performance costs.

It does not matter whether it is a job interview with Tech Giants, Wall Street firms, or a small startup; all candidates want to demonstrate their best selves or even present themselves better than they really are. Meanwhile, recruiters want to know the candidates' authentic selves and detect soft skills that prove an expert candidate would be a great fit in any company. Recruiters worldwide usually struggle to find employees with the highest level of these skills. Digital footprints can assist recruiters in this process by providing candidates' unique set of online activities, while social media delivers one of the largest digital footprints to track people. In this study, for the first time, we show that a wide range of behavioral competencies consisting of 16 in-demand soft skills can be automatically predicted from Instagram profiles based on the following lists and other quantitative features using machine learning algorithms. We also provide predictions on Big Five personality traits. Models were built based on a sample of 400 Iranian volunteer users who answered an online questionnaire and provided their Instagram usernames which allowed us to crawl the public profiles. We applied several machine learning algorithms to the uniformed data. Deep learning models mostly outperformed by demonstrating 70% and 69% average Accuracy in two-level and three-level classifications respectively. Creating a large pool of people with the highest level of soft skills, and making more accurate evaluations of job candidates is possible with the application of AI on social media user-generated data.

Vision transformers (ViTs) are quickly becoming the de-facto architecture for computer vision, yet we understand very little about why they work and what they learn. While existing studies visually analyze the mechanisms of convolutional neural networks, an analogous exploration of ViTs remains challenging. In this paper, we first address the obstacles to performing visualizations on ViTs. Assisted by these solutions, we observe that neurons in ViTs trained with language model supervision (e.g., CLIP) are activated by semantic concepts rather than visual features. We also explore the underlying differences between ViTs and CNNs, and we find that transformers detect image background features, just like their convolutional counterparts, but their predictions depend far less on high-frequency information. On the other hand, both architecture types behave similarly in the way features progress from abstract patterns in early layers to concrete objects in late layers. In addition, we show that ViTs maintain spatial information in all layers except the final layer. In contrast to previous works, we show that the last layer most likely discards the spatial information and behaves as a learned global pooling operation. Finally, we conduct large-scale visualizations on a wide range of ViT variants, including DeiT, CoaT, ConViT, PiT, Swin, and Twin, to validate the effectiveness of our method.

Machine learning algorithms have revolutionized different fields, including natural language processing, computer vision, signal processing, and medical data processing. Despite the excellent capabilities of machine learning algorithms in various tasks and areas, the performance of these models mainly deteriorates when there is a shift in the test and training data distributions. This gap occurs due to the violation of the fundamental assumption that the training and test data are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d). In real-world scenarios where collecting data from all possible domains for training is costly and even impossible, the i.i.d assumption can hardly be satisfied. The problem is even more severe in the case of medical images and signals because it requires either expensive equipment or a meticulous experimentation setup to collect data, even for a single domain. Additionally, the decrease in performance may have severe consequences in the analysis of medical records. As a result of such problems, the ability to generalize and adapt under distribution shifts (domain generalization (DG) and domain adaptation (DA)) is essential for the analysis of medical data. This paper provides the first systematic review of DG and DA on functional brain signals to fill the gap of the absence of a comprehensive study in this era. We provide detailed explanations and categorizations of datasets, approaches, and architectures used in DG and DA on functional brain images. We further address the attention-worthy future tracks in this field.