联合学习（FL）是一种从分散数据源训练机器学习模型的技术。我们根据当地的隐私约束概念研究FL，该概念通过在离开客户之前使数据混淆，为敏感数据披露提供了强烈的保护。我们确定了设计实用隐私的FL算法的两个主要问题：沟通效率和高维度的兼容性。然后，我们开发一种基于梯度的学习算法，称为\ emph {sqsgd}（选择性量化的随机梯度下降），以解决这两个问题。所提出的算法基于一种新颖的隐私量化方案，该方案使用每个客户每个维度的恒定位数。然后，我们通过三种方式改进基本算法：首先，我们采用梯度亚采样策略，同时在固定隐私预算下提供更好的培训性能和较小的沟通成本。其次，我们利用随机旋转作为预处理步骤来减少量化误差。第三，采用了自适应梯度标准上限策略来提高准确性和稳定训练。最后，在基准数据集中证明了拟议框架的实用性。实验结果表明，SQSGD成功地学习了Lenet和Resnet等局部隐私约束的大型模型。此外，凭借固定的隐私和通信水平，SQSGD的性能显着主导了各种基线算法。

图形卷积网络（GCN）已显示出容易受到小型对抗扰动的影响，这成为严重的威胁，并在很大程度上限制了其在关键安全场景中的应用。为了减轻这种威胁，大量的研究工作已致力于增加GCN对对抗攻击的鲁棒性。但是，当前的防御方法通常是为整个图表而设计的，并考虑了全球性能，在保护重要的本地节点免受更强的对抗性靶向攻击方面面临着挑战。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种简单而有效的方法，名为Graph Universal对抗防御（Guard）。与以前的作品不同，Guard可以保护每个单独的节点免受通用防御贴片的攻击，该节点是一次生成的，可以应用于图中的任何节点（节点-Agnostic）。在四个基准数据集上进行的广泛实验表明，我们的方法可显着提高几种已建立的GCN的鲁棒性，以针对多种对抗性攻击，并且胜过大幅度的最先进的防御方法。我们的代码可在https://github.com/edisonleeeeee/guard上公开获取。

学习辐射场对新型视图综合显示出了显着的结果。学习过程通常会花费大量时间，这激发了最新方法，通过没有神经网络或使用更有效的数据结构来通过学习来加快学习过程。但是，这些专门设计的方法不适用于大多数基于辐射的方法的方法。为了解决此问题，我们引入了一项一般策略，以加快几乎所有基于辐射的方法的学习过程。我们的关键想法是通过在多视图卷渲染过程中拍摄较少的射线来减少冗余，这是几乎所有基于辐射的方法的基础。我们发现，在具有巨大色彩变化的像素上的射击不仅显着减轻了训练负担，而且几乎不会影响学到的辐射场的准确性。此外，我们还根据树中每个节点的平均渲染误差将每个视图自适应地细分为Quadtree，这使我们在更复杂的区域中动态射击更多的射线，并具有较大的渲染误差。我们在广泛使用的基准下使用不同的基于辐射的方法评估我们的方法。实验结果表明，我们的方法通过更快的训练获得了与最先进的可比精度。

食源性疾病是一个严重但可以预防的公共卫生问题 - 延迟发现相关的暴发导致生产力损失，昂贵的召回，公共安全危害甚至生命丧失。尽管社交媒体是识别未报告的食源性疾病的有前途的来源，但缺乏标记的数据集来开发有效的爆发检测模型。为了加快基于机器学习的疫苗爆发检测模型的开发，我们提出了推文-FID（Tweet-Foodborne疾病检测），这是第一个用于多种食源性疾病事件检测任务的公开注释的数据集。从Twitter收集的Tweet-FID带有三个方面：Tweet类，实体类型和老虎机类型，并带有专家以及众包工人生产的标签。我们介绍了利用这三个方面的几个域任务：文本相关性分类（TRC），实体提及检测（EMD）和插槽填充（SF）。我们描述了用于支持这些任务模型开发的数据集设计，创建和标签的端到端方法。提供了这些任务的全面结果，以利用Tweet-FID数据集上的最新单项和多任务深度学习方法。该数据集为未来的Foodborne爆发检测提供了机会。

多租户机器学习服务已成为数据中心的数据密集型工作负载，具有GPU资源的繁重。由于大规模，许多调整参数和繁重的资源使用量，评估和基准真实集群的机器学习服务通常是不切实际的。在这次演示中，我们展示了AnalySim，一个集群模拟器，可以为多租户学习服务提供高效的设计探索。具体而言，通过跟踪驱动的群集工作负载仿真，Analysim可以轻松测试和分析许多性能指标中的各种调度策略，例如GPU资源利用率。 Analysim根据物理拓扑和逻辑分区模拟群集计算资源。该工具已用于大致用途，以了解不同调度策略与来自超过1000个GPU的实际生产集群的轨迹的影响。我们发现抢占和迁移能够显着降低平均工作完成时间并减轻资源碎片问题。

A recent study has shown a phenomenon called neural collapse in that the within-class means of features and the classifier weight vectors converge to the vertices of a simplex equiangular tight frame at the terminal phase of training for classification. In this paper, we explore the corresponding structures of the last-layer feature centers and classifiers in semantic segmentation. Based on our empirical and theoretical analysis, we point out that semantic segmentation naturally brings contextual correlation and imbalanced distribution among classes, which breaks the equiangular and maximally separated structure of neural collapse for both feature centers and classifiers. However, such a symmetric structure is beneficial to discrimination for the minor classes. To preserve these advantages, we introduce a regularizer on feature centers to encourage the network to learn features closer to the appealing structure in imbalanced semantic segmentation. Experimental results show that our method can bring significant improvements on both 2D and 3D semantic segmentation benchmarks. Moreover, our method ranks 1st and sets a new record (+6.8% mIoU) on the ScanNet200 test leaderboard. Code will be available at https://github.com/dvlab-research/Imbalanced-Learning.

Weakly-supervised object localization aims to indicate the category as well as the scope of an object in an image given only the image-level labels. Most of the existing works are based on Class Activation Mapping (CAM) and endeavor to enlarge the discriminative area inside the activation map to perceive the whole object, yet ignore the co-occurrence confounder of the object and context (e.g., fish and water), which makes the model inspection hard to distinguish object boundaries. Besides, the use of CAM also brings a dilemma problem that the classification and localization always suffer from a performance gap and can not reach their highest accuracy simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a casual knowledge distillation method, dubbed KD-CI-CAM, to address these two under-explored issues in one go. More specifically, we tackle the co-occurrence context confounder problem via causal intervention (CI), which explores the causalities among image features, contexts, and categories to eliminate the biased object-context entanglement in the class activation maps. Based on the de-biased object feature, we additionally propose a multi-teacher causal distillation framework to balance the absorption of classification knowledge and localization knowledge during model training. Extensive experiments on several benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of KD-CI-CAM in learning clear object boundaries from confounding contexts and addressing the dilemma problem between classification and localization performance.

Witnessing the impressive achievements of pre-training techniques on large-scale data in the field of computer vision and natural language processing, we wonder whether this idea could be adapted in a grab-and-go spirit, and mitigate the sample inefficiency problem for visuomotor driving. Given the highly dynamic and variant nature of the input, the visuomotor driving task inherently lacks view and translation invariance, and the visual input contains massive irrelevant information for decision making, resulting in predominant pre-training approaches from general vision less suitable for the autonomous driving task. To this end, we propose PPGeo (Policy Pre-training via Geometric modeling), an intuitive and straightforward fully self-supervised framework curated for the policy pretraining in visuomotor driving. We aim at learning policy representations as a powerful abstraction by modeling 3D geometric scenes on large-scale unlabeled and uncalibrated YouTube driving videos. The proposed PPGeo is performed in two stages to support effective self-supervised training. In the first stage, the geometric modeling framework generates pose and depth predictions simultaneously, with two consecutive frames as input. In the second stage, the visual encoder learns driving policy representation by predicting the future ego-motion and optimizing with the photometric error based on current visual observation only. As such, the pre-trained visual encoder is equipped with rich driving policy related representations and thereby competent for multiple visuomotor driving tasks. Extensive experiments covering a wide span of challenging scenarios have demonstrated the superiority of our proposed approach, where improvements range from 2% to even over 100% with very limited data. Code and models will be available at https://github.com/OpenDriveLab/PPGeo.

In this work, we focus on instance-level open vocabulary segmentation, intending to expand a segmenter for instance-wise novel categories without mask annotations. We investigate a simple yet effective framework with the help of image captions, focusing on exploiting thousands of object nouns in captions to discover instances of novel classes. Rather than adopting pretrained caption models or using massive caption datasets with complex pipelines, we propose an end-to-end solution from two aspects: caption grounding and caption generation. In particular, we devise a joint Caption Grounding and Generation (CGG) framework based on a Mask Transformer baseline. The framework has a novel grounding loss that performs explicit and implicit multi-modal feature alignments. We further design a lightweight caption generation head to allow for additional caption supervision. We find that grounding and generation complement each other, significantly enhancing the segmentation performance for novel categories. We conduct extensive experiments on the COCO dataset with two settings: Open Vocabulary Instance Segmentation (OVIS) and Open Set Panoptic Segmentation (OSPS). The results demonstrate the superiority of our CGG framework over previous OVIS methods, achieving a large improvement of 6.8% mAP on novel classes without extra caption data. Our method also achieves over 15% PQ improvements for novel classes on the OSPS benchmark under various settings.

Nearest-Neighbor (NN) classification has been proven as a simple and effective approach for few-shot learning. The query data can be classified efficiently by finding the nearest support class based on features extracted by pretrained deep models. However, NN-based methods are sensitive to the data distribution and may produce false prediction if the samples in the support set happen to lie around the distribution boundary of different classes. To solve this issue, we present P3DC-Shot, an improved nearest-neighbor based few-shot classification method empowered by prior-driven data calibration. Inspired by the distribution calibration technique which utilizes the distribution or statistics of the base classes to calibrate the data for few-shot tasks, we propose a novel discrete data calibration operation which is more suitable for NN-based few-shot classification. Specifically, we treat the prototypes representing each base class as priors and calibrate each support data based on its similarity to different base prototypes. Then, we perform NN classification using these discretely calibrated support data. Results from extensive experiments on various datasets show our efficient non-learning based method can outperform or at least comparable to SOTA methods which need additional learning steps.