高质量的关节语音综合在语音科学和技术中具有许多潜在的应用。但是，将适当的映射从语言规范到关节手势是困难且耗时的。在本文中，我们构建了一个基于优化的框架，作为在不手动干预的情况下学习这些映射的第一步。我们证明了具有复杂的启用的音节的产生，并讨论了有关共插曲的关节手势的质量。

The SNMMI Artificial Intelligence (SNMMI-AI) Summit, organized by the SNMMI AI Task Force, took place in Bethesda, MD on March 21-22, 2022. It brought together various community members and stakeholders from academia, healthcare, industry, patient representatives, and government (NIH, FDA), and considered various key themes to envision and facilitate a bright future for routine, trustworthy use of AI in nuclear medicine. In what follows, essential issues, challenges, controversies and findings emphasized in the meeting are summarized.

ICECUBE是一种用于检测1 GEV和1 PEV之间大气和天体中微子的光学传感器的立方公斤阵列，该阵列已部署1.45 km至2.45 km的南极的冰盖表面以下1.45 km至2.45 km。来自ICE探测器的事件的分类和重建在ICeCube数据分析中起着核心作用。重建和分类事件是一个挑战，这是由于探测器的几何形状，不均匀的散射和冰中光的吸收，并且低于100 GEV的光，每个事件产生的信号光子数量相对较少。为了应对这一挑战，可以将ICECUBE事件表示为点云图形，并将图形神经网络（GNN）作为分类和重建方法。 GNN能够将中微子事件与宇宙射线背景区分开，对不同的中微子事件类型进行分类，并重建沉积的能量，方向和相互作用顶点。基于仿真，我们提供了1-100 GEV能量范围的比较与当前ICECUBE分析中使用的当前最新最大似然技术，包括已知系统不确定性的影响。对于中微子事件分类，与当前的IceCube方法相比，GNN以固定的假阳性速率（FPR）提高了信号效率的18％。另外，GNN在固定信号效率下将FPR的降低超过8（低于半百分比）。对于能源，方向和相互作用顶点的重建，与当前最大似然技术相比，分辨率平均提高了13％-20％。当在GPU上运行时，GNN能够以几乎是2.7 kHz的中位数ICECUBE触发速率的速率处理ICECUBE事件，这打开了在在线搜索瞬态事件中使用低能量中微子的可能性。

为了利用同一场景的视频框架中的高时间相关性，使用基于块的运动估计和补偿技术从已经编码的参考帧中预测了当前帧。尽管这种方法可以有效利用移动对象的翻译运动，但它容易受到其他类型的仿射运动和对象遮挡/除含量的影响。最近，深度学习已被用来模拟人类姿势的高级结构，以从短视频中的特定动作中进行，然后通过使用生成的对抗网络（GAN）来预测姿势，从而在未来的时间内生成虚拟框架。因此，建模人姿势的高级结构能够通过预测人类的行为并确定其轨迹来利用语义相关性。视频监视应用程序将受益，因为可以通过估算人类姿势轨迹并通过语义相关性产生未来的框架来压缩存储的大监视数据。本文通过从已经编码的框架中对人姿势进行建模并在当前时间使用生成的框架来探讨一种新的视频编码方式。预计所提出的方法可以通过预测包含具有较低残差的移动对象的块来克服传统向后引用框架的局限性。实验结果表明，提出的方法平均可以实现高达2.83 dB PSNR增益和25.93 \％比特率的节省，用于高运动视频序列

通过利用和适应到目前为止获得的知识，人类具有识别和区分他们不熟悉的实例的天生能力。重要的是，他们实现了这一目标，而不会在早期学习中恶化表现。受此启发，我们识别并制定了NCDWF的新的，务实的问题设置：新颖的类发现而无需忘记，哪个任务是机器学习模型从未标记的数据中逐步发现实例的新颖类别，同时在先前看到的类别上保持其性能。我们提出1）一种生成伪内表示的方法，该表示的代理（不再可用）标记的数据，从而减轻遗忘的遗忘，2）基于相互信息的正常化程序，可以增强对新型类别的无聊发现，而3）a 3）当测试数据包含所见类别和看不见的类别的实例时，简单的已知类标识符可以有助于广义推断。我们介绍了基于CIFAR-10，CIFAR-100和IMAGENET-1000的实验协议，以衡量知识保留和新型类发现之间的权衡。我们广泛的评估表明，现有的模型在确定新类别的同时灾难性地忘记了先前看到的类别，而我们的方法能够有效地在竞争目标之间平衡。我们希望我们的工作能够吸引对这个新确定的实用问题设定的进一步研究。

基于快速的神经形态的视觉传感器（动态视觉传感器，DVS）可以与基于较慢的帧的传感器组合，以实现比使用例如固定运动近似的传统方法更高质量的帧间内插。光流。在这项工作中，我们展示了一个新的高级事件模拟器，可以产生由相机钻机录制的现实场景，该仪器具有位于固定偏移的任意数量的传感器。它包括具有现实图像质量降低效果的新型可配置帧的图像传感器模型，以及具有更精确的特性的扩展DVS模型。我们使用我们的模拟器培训一个新的重建模型，专为高FPS视频的端到端重建而设计。与以前发表的方法不同，我们的方法不需要帧和DVS相机具有相同的光学，位置或相机分辨率。它还不限于物体与传感器的固定距离。我们表明我们的模拟器生成的数据可用于训练我们的新模型，导致在与最先进的公共数据集上的公共数据集中的重建图像。我们还向传感器展示了真实传感器记录的数据。

我们研究了如何在只有几个类别（几次拍摄设置）给出的一些样本时识别来自Unseen类别（开放式分类）的样本的问题。学习良好抽象的挑战是一个非常少数样本的课程使得从看不见的类别中检测样本非常困难;因此，开放式识别在少量拍摄设置中受到最小的关注。大多数开放式少量拍摄分类方法正规化SoftMax得分以表明开放类样本的均匀概率，但我们认为这种方法通常是不准确的，特别是在细粒度。相反，我们提出了一种新颖的示例性重建的元学习策略，用于共同检测开放类样本，以及通过基于度量的分类对来自观众的样本进行分类。充当类的代表的示例可以在训练数据集中提供或在特征域中估计。我们的框架，名为重建示例的基于少量拍摄的少量开放式分类器（Refofs），在各种数据集上测试，实验结果明确突出了我们作为新技术的方法。

Unsupervised learning with generative adversarial networks (GANs) has proven hugely successful. Regular GANs hypothesize the discriminator as a classifier with the sigmoid cross entropy loss function. However, we found that this loss function may lead to the vanishing gradients problem during the learning process. To overcome such a problem, we propose in this paper the Least Squares Generative Adversarial Networks (LS-GANs) which adopt the least squares loss function for the discriminator. We show that minimizing the objective function of LSGAN yields minimizing the Pearson χ 2 divergence. There are two benefits of LSGANs over regular GANs. First, LSGANs are able to generate higher quality images than regular GANs. Second, LSGANs perform more stable during the learning process. We evaluate LSGANs on five scene datasets and the experimental results show that the images generated by LSGANs are of better quality than the ones generated by regular GANs. We also conduct two comparison experiments between LSGANs and regular GANs to illustrate the stability of LSGANs.

Designing experiments often requires balancing between learning about the true treatment effects and earning from allocating more samples to the superior treatment. While optimal algorithms for the Multi-Armed Bandit Problem (MABP) provide allocation policies that optimally balance learning and earning, they tend to be computationally expensive. The Gittins Index (GI) is a solution to the MABP that can simultaneously attain optimality and computationally efficiency goals, and it has been recently used in experiments with Bernoulli and Gaussian rewards. For the first time, we present a modification of the GI rule that can be used in experiments with exponentially-distributed rewards. We report its performance in simulated 2- armed and 3-armed experiments. Compared to traditional non-adaptive designs, our novel GI modified design shows operating characteristics comparable in learning (e.g. statistical power) but substantially better in earning (e.g. direct benefits). This illustrates the potential that designs using a GI approach to allocate participants have to improve participant benefits, increase efficiencies, and reduce experimental costs in adaptive multi-armed experiments with exponential rewards.

Modelling and forecasting real-life human behaviour using online social media is an active endeavour of interest in politics, government, academia, and industry. Since its creation in 2006, Twitter has been proposed as a potential laboratory that could be used to gauge and predict social behaviour. During the last decade, the user base of Twitter has been growing and becoming more representative of the general population. Here we analyse this user base in the context of the 2021 Mexican Legislative Election. To do so, we use a dataset of 15 million election-related tweets in the six months preceding election day. We explore different election models that assign political preference to either the ruling parties or the opposition. We find that models using data with geographical attributes determine the results of the election with better precision and accuracy than conventional polling methods. These results demonstrate that analysis of public online data can outperform conventional polling methods, and that political analysis and general forecasting would likely benefit from incorporating such data in the immediate future. Moreover, the same Twitter dataset with geographical attributes is positively correlated with results from official census data on population and internet usage in Mexico. These findings suggest that we have reached a period in time when online activity, appropriately curated, can provide an accurate representation of offline behaviour.