深神经网络（DNN）已成为许多应用程序域（包括基于Web的服务）的重要组成部分。这些服务需要高吞吐量和（接近）实时功能，例如，对用户的请求做出反应或反应，或者按时处理传入数据流。但是，DNN设计的趋势是朝着具有许多层和参数的较大模型，以实现更准确的结果。尽管这些模型通常是预先训练的，但是在如此大的模型中，计算复杂性仍然相对显着，从而阻碍了低推断潜伏期。实施缓存机制是用于加速服务响应时间的典型系统工程解决方案。但是，传统的缓存通常不适合基于DNN的服务。在本文中，我们提出了一种端到端自动化解决方案，以根据其计算复杂性和推理延迟来提高基于DNN的服务的性能。我们的缓存方法采用了DNN模型和早期出口的自我介绍的思想。提出的解决方案是一种自动化的在线层缓存机制，如果提前出口之一中的高速缓存模型足够有信心，则可以在推理时间提早退出大型模型。本文的主要贡献之一是，我们将该想法实施为在线缓存，这意味着缓存模型不需要访问培训数据，并且仅根据运行时的传入数据执行，使其适用于应用程序使用预训练的模型。我们的实验在两个下游任务（面部和对象分类）上结果表明，平均而言，缓存可以将这些服务的计算复杂性降低到58 \％（就FLOPS计数而言），并将其推断潜伏期提高到46 \％精度低至零至零。

Solving portfolio management problems using deep reinforcement learning has been getting much attention in finance for a few years. We have proposed a new method using experts signals and historical price data to feed into our reinforcement learning framework. Although experts signals have been used in previous works in the field of finance, as far as we know, it is the first time this method, in tandem with deep RL, is used to solve the financial portfolio management problem. Our proposed framework consists of a convolutional network for aggregating signals, another convolutional network for historical price data, and a vanilla network. We used the Proximal Policy Optimization algorithm as the agent to process the reward and take action in the environment. The results suggested that, on average, our framework could gain 90 percent of the profit earned by the best expert.

There is a global aging population requiring the need for the right tools that can enable older adults' greater independence and the ability to age at home, as well as assist healthcare workers. It is feasible to achieve this objective by building predictive models that assist healthcare workers in monitoring and analyzing older adults' behavioral, functional, and psychological data. To develop such models, a large amount of multimodal sensor data is typically required. In this paper, we propose MAISON, a scalable cloud-based platform of commercially available smart devices capable of collecting desired multimodal sensor data from older adults and patients living in their own homes. The MAISON platform is novel due to its ability to collect a greater variety of data modalities than the existing platforms, as well as its new features that result in seamless data collection and ease of use for older adults who may not be digitally literate. We demonstrated the feasibility of the MAISON platform with two older adults discharged home from a large rehabilitation center. The results indicate that the MAISON platform was able to collect and store sensor data in a cloud without functional glitches or performance degradation. This paper will also discuss the challenges faced during the development of the platform and data collection in the homes of older adults. MAISON is a novel platform designed to collect multimodal data and facilitate the development of predictive models for detecting key health indicators, including social isolation, depression, and functional decline, and is feasible to use with older adults in the community.

近年来，虚拟学习已成为传统课堂教学的替代方法。学生参与虚拟学习可能会对满足学习目标和计划辍学风险产生重大影响。在虚拟学习环境中，有许多专门针对学生参与度（SE）的测量工具。在这项关键综述中，我们分析了这些作品，并从不同的参与定义和测量量表上突出了不一致之处。现有研究人员之间的这种多样性在比较不同的注释和构建可推广的预测模型时可能会出现问题。我们进一步讨论了有关参与注释和设计缺陷的问题。我们根据我们定义的七个参与注释的七个维度分析现有的SE注释量表，包括来源，用于注释的数据模式，注释发生的时间，注释发生的时间段，抽象，组合和组合水平的时间段，定量。令人惊讶的发现之一是，在SE测量中，很少有审查的数据集使用了现有的精神法法学验证量表中的注释中。最后，我们讨论了除虚拟学习以外的其他一些范围，这些量表具有用于测量虚拟学习中SE的潜力。

在通过梯度下降训练过度参数化的模型函数时，有时参数不会显着变化，并且保持接近其初始值。该现象称为懒惰训练，并激发了对模型函数围绕初始参数的线性近似的考虑。在懒惰的制度中，这种线性近似模仿了参数化函数的行为，其相关内核称为切线内核，指定了模型的训练性能。众所周知，在宽度较大的（经典）神经网络的情况下进行懒惰训练。在本文中，我们表明，几何局部参数化量子电路的训练进入了大量Qubits的懒惰制度。更准确地说，我们证明了这种几何局部参数化量子电路的变化速率，以及相关量子模型函数的线性近似的精确度；随着Qubits的数量的增加，这两个边界都趋于零。我们通过数值模拟支持我们的分析结果。

它是科学技术的基础，能够预测化学反应及其性质。为实现此类技能，重要的是要培养良好的化学反应表示，或者可以自动从数据中学习此类表示的良好深度学习架构。目前没有普遍和广泛采用的方法，可强健地代表化学反应。大多数现有方法患有一个或多个缺点，例如：（1）缺乏普遍性; （2）缺乏稳健性; （3）缺乏可解释性;或（4）需要过度手动预处理。在这里，我们利用基于图的分子结构表示，以开发和测试一个超图注意神经网络方法，以一次解决反应表示和性能 - 预测问题，减轻了上述缺点。我们使用三个独立数据集化学反应评估三个实验中的这种超照片表示。在所有实验中，基于超图的方法与其他表示和它们相应的化学反应模型相匹配或优于相应的模型，同时产生可解释的多级表示。

In education and intervention programs, user engagement has been identified as a major factor in successful program completion. Automatic measurement of user engagement provides helpful information for instructors to meet program objectives and individualize program delivery. In this paper, we present a novel approach for video-based engagement measurement in virtual learning programs. We propose to use affect states, continuous values of valence and arousal extracted from consecutive video frames, along with a new latent affective feature vector and behavioral features for engagement measurement. Deep-learning sequential models are trained and validated on the extracted frame-level features. In addition, due to the fact that engagement is an ordinal variable, we develop the ordinal versions of the above models in order to address the problem of engagement measurement as an ordinal classification problem. We evaluated the performance of the proposed method on the only two publicly available video engagement measurement datasets, DAiSEE and EmotiW-EW, containing videos of students in online learning programs. Our experiments show a state-of-the-art engagement level classification accuracy of 67.4% on the DAiSEE dataset, and a regression mean squared error of 0.0508 on the EmotiW-EW dataset. Our ablation study shows the effectiveness of incorporating affect states and ordinality of engagement in engagement measurement.

Federated Learning (FL) and Split Learning (SL) are privacy-preserving Machine-Learning (ML) techniques that enable training ML models over data distributed among clients without requiring direct access to their raw data. Existing FL and SL approaches work on horizontally or vertically partitioned data and cannot handle sequentially partitioned data where segments of multiple-segment sequential data are distributed across clients. In this paper, we propose a novel federated split learning framework, FedSL, to train models on distributed sequential data. The most common ML models to train on sequential data are Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). Since the proposed framework is privacy-preserving, segments of multiple-segment sequential data cannot be shared between clients or between clients and server. To circumvent this limitation, we propose a novel SL approach tailored for RNNs. A RNN is split into sub-networks, and each sub-network is trained on one client containing single segments of multiple-segment training sequences. During local training, the sub-networks on different clients communicate with each other to capture latent dependencies between consecutive segments of multiple-segment sequential data on different clients, but without sharing raw data or complete model parameters. After training local sub-networks with local sequential data segments, all clients send their sub-networks to a federated server where sub-networks are aggregated to generate a global model. The experimental results on simulated and real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed method successfully trains models on distributed sequential data, while preserving privacy, and outperforms previous FL and centralized learning approaches in terms of achieving higher accuracy in fewer communication rounds.