Traditional multilingual neural machine translation (MNMT) uses a single model to translate all directions. However, with the increasing scale of language pairs, simply using a single model for massive MNMT brings new challenges: parameter tension and large computations. In this paper, we revisit multi-way structures by assigning an individual branch for each language (group). Despite being a simple architecture, it is challenging to train de-centralized models due to the lack of constraints to align representations from all languages. We propose a localized training recipe to map different branches into a unified space, resulting in an efficient detachable model, Lego-MT. For a fair comparison, we collect data from OPUS and build the first large-scale open-source translation benchmark covering 7 language-centric data, each containing 445 language pairs. Experiments show that Lego-MT (1.2B) brings gains of more than 4 BLEU while outperforming M2M-100 (12B) (We will public all training data, models, and checkpoints)

Despite the surprising few-shot performance of in-context learning (ICL), it is still a common practice to randomly sample examples to serve as context. This paper advocates a new principle for ICL: self-adaptive in-context learning. The self-adaption mechanism is introduced to help each sample find an in-context example permutation (i.e., selection and ordering) that can derive the correct prediction, thus maximizing performance. To validate the effectiveness of self-adaptive ICL, we propose a general select-then-rank framework and instantiate it with new selection and ranking algorithms. Upon extensive evaluation on eight different NLP datasets, our self-adaptive ICL method achieves a 40% relative improvement over the common practice setting. Further analysis reveals the enormous potential of self-adaptive ICL that it might be able to close the gap between ICL and finetuning given more advanced algorithms. Our code is released to facilitate future research in this area: https://github.com/Shark-NLP/self-adaptive-ICL

Explaining the black-box predictions of NLP models naturally and accurately is an important open problem in natural language generation. These free-text explanations are expected to contain sufficient and carefully-selected evidence to form supportive arguments for predictions. Due to the superior generative capacity of large pretrained language models, recent work built on prompt engineering enables explanation generation without specific training. However, explanation generated through single-pass prompting often lacks sufficiency and conciseness. To address this problem, we develop an information bottleneck method EIB to produce refined explanations that are sufficient and concise. Our approach regenerates the free-text explanation by polishing the single-pass output from the pretrained language model but retaining the information that supports the contents being explained. Experiments on two out-of-domain tasks verify the effectiveness of EIB through automatic evaluation and thoroughly-conducted human evaluation.

我们建议探索一个称为视听分割（AVS）的新问题，其中的目标是输出在图像帧时产生声音的对象的像素级映射。为了促进这项研究，我们构建了第一个视频分割基准（AVSBENCH），为声音视频中的声音对象提供像素的注释。使用此基准测试了两个设置：1）具有单个声源的半监督音频分割和2）完全监督的音频段段，并带有多个声源。为了解决AVS问题，我们提出了一种新颖的方法，该方法使用时间像素的视听相互作用模块注入音频语义作为视觉分割过程的指导。我们还设计正规化损失，以鼓励训练期间的视听映射。 AVSBench上的定量和定性实验将我们的方法与相关任务中的几种现有方法进行了比较，这表明所提出的方法有望在音频和像素视觉语义之间建立桥梁。代码可从https://github.com/opennlplab/avsbench获得。

视觉变压器在众多计算机视觉任务上表现出了巨大的成功。然而，由于计算复杂性和记忆足迹是二次的，因此其中心分量（软磁性注意力）禁止视觉变压器扩展到高分辨率图像。尽管在自然语言处理（NLP）任务中引入了线性注意以减轻类似问题，但直接将现有的线性注意力应用于视觉变压器可能不会导致令人满意的结果。我们研究了这个问题，发现与NLP任务相比，计算机视觉任务更多地关注本地信息。基于这一观察结果，我们提出了附近的关注，该关注引入了具有线性复杂性的视觉变压器的局部性偏见。具体而言，对于每个图像补丁，我们根据其相邻贴片测量的2D曼哈顿距离调整了注意力重量。在这种情况下，相邻的补丁比遥远的补丁会受到更大的关注。此外，由于我们的附近注意力要求令牌长度比特征维度大得多，以显示其效率优势，因此我们进一步提出了一个新的附近视觉变压器（VVT）结构，以减少特征维度而不脱离准确性。我们在CIFAR100，ImagEnet1k和ADE20K数据集上进行了广泛的实验，以验证我们方法的有效性。当输入分辨率增加时，与以前的基于变压器和基于卷积的网络相比，GFLOP的增长率较慢。特别是，我们的方法达到了最新的图像分类精度，其参数比以前的方法少50％。

Recently, contrastive learning attracts increasing interests in neural text generation as a new solution to alleviate the exposure bias problem. It introduces a sequence-level training signal which is crucial to generation tasks that always rely on auto-regressive decoding. However, previous methods using contrastive learning in neural text generation usually lead to inferior performance. In this paper, we analyse the underlying reasons and propose a new Contrastive Neural Text generation framework, CoNT. CoNT addresses bottlenecks that prevent contrastive learning from being widely adopted in generation tasks from three aspects -- the construction of contrastive examples, the choice of the contrastive loss, and the strategy in decoding. We validate CoNT on five generation tasks with ten benchmarks, including machine translation, summarization, code comment generation, data-to-text generation and commonsense generation. Experimental results show that CoNT clearly outperforms the conventional training framework on all the ten benchmarks with a convincing margin. Especially, CoNT surpasses previous the most competitive contrastive learning method for text generation, by 1.50 BLEU on machine translation and 1.77 ROUGE-1 on summarization, respectively. It achieves new state-of-the-art on summarization, code comment generation (without external data) and data-to-text generation.

最近，提出了随机特征专注（RFA），以通过线性化指数核来近似线性时间和空间复杂性的软磁性注意力。在本文中，我们首先提出了一种新颖的观点，以通过将RFA重新铸造为自称的重要性采样器来理解这种近似值的偏见。这种观点进一步阐明了整个软磁注意的\ emph {nobaled}估计量，称为随机注意（RA）。RA通过特定的分布构建积极的随机特征，并享有极大的改善近似保真度，尽管表现出二次复杂性。通过结合RA中的表现力和RFA的效率，我们开发了一种新型的线性复杂性自我发项机制，称为线性随机注意（LARA）。跨各个领域的广泛实验表明，RA和LARA可显着提高RFA的性能。

文本生成对于许多自然语言处理应用至关重要。然而，基于最大化的解码方法（例如，神经语言模型的光束搜索）通常会导致解析解决方案 - 生成的文本是不自然的，并且包含不良的重复。现有方法通过采样或修改训练目标引入随机性，以降低某些令牌的概率（例如，不可能训练）。但是，它们通常会导致缺乏连贯性的解决方案。在这项工作中，我们表明，模型变性的根本原因是令牌表示的各向异性分布。我们提出了一种对比解决方案：（i）SIMCTG，是校准模型表示空间的对比训练目标，以及（ii）一种解码方法 - 对比度搜索 - 以鼓励多样性，同时在生成的文本中保持连贯性。对两种语言的三个基准测试的广泛实验和分析表明，我们提出的方法显着优于人类和自动指标评估的当前最新文本生成方法。

我们研究了原则上的程度，原则上，语言图表表示可以补充和改进神经语言建模。通过一个由7种不同的形式主义之一的预磨削变压器和地面真相图组成的集合设置，我们发现，总体而言，语义构成结构对语言建模性能最有用 - 超越句法选区结构以及句法和语义依赖结构。此外，效果取决于语音级别的级别大大变化。总而言之，我们的调查结果指出了神经象征性语言建模的有希望的趋势，并邀请未来的研究量化不同形式主义所制作的设计选择。

变压器架构现在是序列建模任务的核心。注意机制是核心，它可以在序列中对长期依赖性进行有效的建模。最近，变压器已成功地应用于计算机视觉域，在该域中首先将2D图像分割成斑块，然后将其视为1D序列。然而，这种线性化会损害图像中空间位置的概念，该图像具有重要的视觉线索。为了弥合差距，我们提出了连锁反应，这是视觉变压器的次级注意机制。基于最近基于内核的有效注意机制，我们设计了一种新型的动态编程算法，该算法将不同令牌的贡献加重了与它们在线性观察到的2D空间中相对空间距离的查询的贡献。广泛的实验和分析证明了连锁反应对各种视觉任务的有效性。