对于深度学习，大小就是力量。经过广泛数据训练的大量神经网是人工智能的最前沿。这些基础模型或“所有行业的千斤顶”（JATS）（JATS）进行了微调，以进行下游任务，在推动深度学习进步方面变得重要。但是，具有严格资源限制的环境，目标和意图不断变化或任务要求各异，可能会限制单数JAT的实际实用程序。因此，本文与当前建立越来越大的Jats的趋势同时进行了对概念的初步探索，该概念是创建各种紧凑的机器学习模型集的基础。由许多较小和专业的模型组成，我们制定了一组集合，以同时满足许多任务设置和环境条件。首次提出了在神经进化多任务算法的一次传球中进行此类设置的一种手段，这使我们更接近了“所有行业的大师”的模型。

Market sentiment analysis on social media content requires knowledge of both financial markets and social media jargon, which makes it a challenging task for human raters. The resulting lack of high-quality labeled data stands in the way of conventional supervised learning methods. Instead, we approach this problem using semi-supervised learning with a large language model (LLM). Our pipeline generates weak financial sentiment labels for Reddit posts with an LLM and then uses that data to train a small model that can be served in production. We find that prompting the LLM to produce Chain-of-Thought summaries and forcing it through several reasoning paths helps generate more stable and accurate labels, while using a regression loss further improves distillation quality. With only a handful of prompts, the final model performs on par with existing supervised models. Though production applications of our model are limited by ethical considerations, the model's competitive performance points to the great potential of using LLMs for tasks that otherwise require skill-intensive annotation.

Recently deep neural networks, which require a large amount of annotated samples, have been widely applied in nuclei instance segmentation of H\&E stained pathology images. However, it is inefficient and unnecessary to label all pixels for a dataset of nuclei images which usually contain similar and redundant patterns. Although unsupervised and semi-supervised learning methods have been studied for nuclei segmentation, very few works have delved into the selective labeling of samples to reduce the workload of annotation. Thus, in this paper, we propose a novel full nuclei segmentation framework that chooses only a few image patches to be annotated, augments the training set from the selected samples, and achieves nuclei segmentation in a semi-supervised manner. In the proposed framework, we first develop a novel consistency-based patch selection method to determine which image patches are the most beneficial to the training. Then we introduce a conditional single-image GAN with a component-wise discriminator, to synthesize more training samples. Lastly, our proposed framework trains an existing segmentation model with the above augmented samples. The experimental results show that our proposed method could obtain the same-level performance as a fully-supervised baseline by annotating less than 5% pixels on some benchmarks.

Document-level relation extraction faces two overlooked challenges: long-tail problem and multi-label problem. Previous work focuses mainly on obtaining better contextual representations for entity pairs, hardly address the above challenges. In this paper, we analyze the co-occurrence correlation of relations, and introduce it into DocRE task for the first time. We argue that the correlations can not only transfer knowledge between data-rich relations and data-scarce ones to assist in the training of tailed relations, but also reflect semantic distance guiding the classifier to identify semantically close relations for multi-label entity pairs. Specifically, we use relation embedding as a medium, and propose two co-occurrence prediction sub-tasks from both coarse- and fine-grained perspectives to capture relation correlations. Finally, the learned correlation-aware embeddings are used to guide the extraction of relational facts. Substantial experiments on two popular DocRE datasets are conducted, and our method achieves superior results compared to baselines. Insightful analysis also demonstrates the potential of relation correlations to address the above challenges.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

Image super-resolution is a common task on mobile and IoT devices, where one often needs to upscale and enhance low-resolution images and video frames. While numerous solutions have been proposed for this problem in the past, they are usually not compatible with low-power mobile NPUs having many computational and memory constraints. In this Mobile AI challenge, we address this problem and propose the participants to design an efficient quantized image super-resolution solution that can demonstrate a real-time performance on mobile NPUs. The participants were provided with the DIV2K dataset and trained INT8 models to do a high-quality 3X image upscaling. The runtime of all models was evaluated on the Synaptics VS680 Smart Home board with a dedicated edge NPU capable of accelerating quantized neural networks. All proposed solutions are fully compatible with the above NPU, demonstrating an up to 60 FPS rate when reconstructing Full HD resolution images. A detailed description of all models developed in the challenge is provided in this paper.

TOR（洋葱路由器）网络是一种广泛使用的开源匿名通信工具，滥用Tor使得很难监视在线犯罪的扩散，例如访问犯罪网站。大多数现有的TOR网络去匿名化的批准都在很大程度上依赖手动提取的功能，从而导致耗时和性能差。为了解决这些缺点，本文提出了一种神经表示方法，以根据分类算法识别网站指纹。我们构建了一个基于卷积神经网络（CNN）的新网站指纹攻击模型，并通过扩张和因果卷积，可以改善CNN的感知场并捕获输入数据的顺序特征。三个主流公共数据集的实验表明，与最先进的方法相比，提出的模型对网站指纹分类非常有效且有效，并将准确性提高了12.21％。

尖峰神经网络（SNN）是一种具有生物学知识的模型，具有高计算能力和低功耗的优势。虽然对深SNN的培训仍然是一个空旷的问题，但它限制了深SNN的现实应用。在这里，我们提出了一个名为Spiking SiamFC ++的深SNN架构，用于对象跟踪，并通过端到端直接培训。具体而言，Alexnet网络在时间域中扩展以提取该功能，并采用替代梯度功能来实现对深SNN的直接监督培训。为了检查尖峰SiAMFC ++的性能，考虑了几种跟踪基准测试，包括OTB2013，OTB2015，Dot2015，Dot2016和UAV123。发现与原始的siAMFC ++相比，精度损失很小。与现有的基于SNN的目标跟踪器相比，例如暹罗（Siamsnn），提议的Spiking SiamFC ++的精度（连续）达到了85.24％（64.37％），远高于52.78％（44.32％）的精度（64.37％）。 。据我们所知，Spiking SiamFC ++的性能优于基于SNN的对象跟踪中现有的最新方法，该方法为目标跟踪领域中的SNN应用提供了新的路径。这项工作可能会进一步促进SNN算法和神经形态芯片的发展。

物理信息神经网络（PINN）的自适应训练方法需要专门的构造，以分配每个训练样本分配的权重分布。有效地寻求这种最佳的权重分布并不是一项简单的任务，大多数现有方法基于近似值的全部分布或最大值选择自适应权重。在本文中，我们表明，用于训练效率的样品自适应选择中的瓶颈是数值残差的尾巴分布的行为。因此，我们提出了剩余的定量调整（RQA）方法，可为每个训练样本提供更好的体重选择。最初将权重设置与剩余的$ p $ th功率成正比之后，我们的RQA方法重新分配了所有高于$ q $ - Quantile（例如$ 90 \％$）的所有权重，以便中位数，因此权重遵循分数 - 从残差得出的调整分布。借助迭代的重新加权技术，RQA也非常易于实现。实验结果表明，所提出的方法可以在各种偏微分方程（PDE）问题上胜过几种自适应方法。

随着深度卷积神经网络的兴起，对象检测在过去几年中取得了突出的进步。但是，这种繁荣无法掩盖小物体检测（SOD）的不令人满意的情况，这是计算机视觉中臭名昭著的挑战性任务之一，这是由于视觉外观不佳和由小目标的内在结构引起的嘈杂表示。此外，用于基准小对象检测方法基准测试的大规模数据集仍然是瓶颈。在本文中，我们首先对小物体检测进行了详尽的审查。然后，为了催化SOD的发展，我们分别构建了两个大规模的小物体检测数据集（SODA），SODA-D和SODA-A，分别集中在驾驶和空中场景上。 SODA-D包括24704个高质量的交通图像和277596个9个类别的实例。对于苏打水，我们收集2510个高分辨率航空图像，并在9个类别上注释800203实例。众所周知，拟议的数据集是有史以来首次尝试使用针对多类SOD量身定制的大量注释实例进行大规模基准测试。最后，我们评估主流方法在苏打水上的性能。我们预计发布的基准可以促进SOD的发展，并产生该领域的更多突破。数据集和代码将很快在：\ url {https://shaunyuan22.github.io/soda}上。