视觉变压器正在成为解决计算机视觉问题的强大工具。最近的技术还证明了超出图像域之外的变压器来解决许多与视频相关的任务的功效。其中，由于其广泛的应用，人类的行动识别是从研究界受到特别关注。本文提供了对动作识别的视觉变压器技术的首次全面调查。我们朝着这个方向分析并总结了现有文献和新兴文献，同时突出了适应变形金刚以进行动作识别的流行趋势。由于其专业应用，我们将这些方法统称为``动作变压器''。我们的文献综述根据其架构，方式和预期目标为动作变压器提供了适当的分类法。在动作变压器的背景下，我们探讨了编码时空数据，降低维度降低，框架贴片和时空立方体构造以及各种表示方法的技术。我们还研究了变压器层中时空注意的优化，以处理更长的序列，通常通过减少单个注意操作中的令牌数量。此外，我们还研究了不同的网络学习策略，例如自我监督和零局学习，以及它们对基于变压器的行动识别的相关损失。这项调查还总结了在具有动作变压器重要基准的评估度量评分方面取得的进步。最后，它提供了有关该研究方向的挑战，前景和未来途径的讨论。

Spear Phishing is a harmful cyber-attack facing business and individuals worldwide. Considerable research has been conducted recently into the use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques to detect spear-phishing emails. ML-based solutions may suffer from zero-day attacks; unseen attacks unaccounted for in the training data. As new attacks emerge, classifiers trained on older data are unable to detect these new varieties of attacks resulting in increasingly inaccurate predictions. Spear Phishing detection also faces scalability challenges due to the growth of the required features which is proportional to the number of the senders within a receiver mailbox. This differs from traditional phishing attacks which typically perform only a binary classification between phishing and benign emails. Therefore, we devise a possible solution to these problems, named RAIDER: Reinforcement AIded Spear Phishing DEtectoR. A reinforcement-learning based feature evaluation system that can automatically find the optimum features for detecting different types of attacks. By leveraging a reward and penalty system, RAIDER allows for autonomous features selection. RAIDER also keeps the number of features to a minimum by selecting only the significant features to represent phishing emails and detect spear-phishing attacks. After extensive evaluation of RAIDER over 11,000 emails and across 3 attack scenarios, our results suggest that using reinforcement learning to automatically identify the significant features could reduce the dimensions of the required features by 55% in comparison to existing ML-based systems. It also improves the accuracy of detecting spoofing attacks by 4% from 90% to 94%. In addition, RAIDER demonstrates reasonable detection accuracy even against a sophisticated attack named Known Sender in which spear-phishing emails greatly resemble those of the impersonated sender.