移动设备通过深神经网络（DNN）越来越依赖对象检测（OD）来执行关键任务。由于它们的复杂性高，这些DNN的执行需要过度的时间和能量。低复杂性对象跟踪（OT）可以与OD一起使用，后者定期应用后，以生成“新鲜”的跟踪参考。然而，使用OD处理的帧产生大的延迟，这可以使参考延迟过时并降低跟踪质量。这里，我们建议在这种情况下使用边缘计算，并在对大OD延迟中建立并行OT（在移动设备上）和OD（处于边缘服务器）的进程。我们提出Katch-Up，一种新型跟踪机制，可提高系统弹性过度OD延迟。但是，虽然Katch-up显着提高了性能，但它也增加了移动设备的计算负荷。因此，我们设计SmartDet，基于深度加强学习（DRL）的低复杂性控制器，了解资源利用率和OD性能之间的权衡。 SmartDet作为输入上下文相关信息与当前视频内容相关的信息和当前网络条件，以优化OD卸载的频率和类型，以及Katch-Up利用率。我们在通过Wi-Fi链路连接的GTX 980 TI为移动设备和GTX 980 TI，广泛地评估SmartDet。实验结果表明，SmartDET在跟踪性能 - 平均召回（MAR）和资源使用之间实现了最佳平衡。关于具有完全Katch-Upusage和最大渠道使用的基线，我们仍然将MAR增加4％，同时使用50％的通道和与Katch-Up相关的30％电力资源。对于使用最小资源的固定策略，我们在使用katch-up在框架的1/3上时，我们将MAR增加20％。

尽管关键任务应用需要使用深神经网络（DNN），但它们在移动设备的连续执行导致能耗的显着增加。虽然边缘卸载可以降低能量消耗，但信道质量，网络和边缘服务器负载中的不稳定模式可能导致系统的关键操作严重中断。一种被称为分割计算的替代方法，在模型中生成压缩表示（称为“瓶颈”），以降低带宽使用和能量消耗。事先工作已经提出了引入额外层的方法，以损害能耗和潜伏期。因此，我们提出了一个名为BoleFit的新框架，除了有针对性的DNN架构修改之外，还包括一种新颖的培训策略，即使具有强大的压缩速率，即使具有强大的压缩速率也能实现高精度。我们在图像分类中施加瓶装装饰品，并显示瓶装装备在想象中数据集中实现了77.1％的数据压缩，高达0.6％的精度损耗，而诸如Spinn的最佳精度高达6％。我们通过实验测量在NVIDIA Jetson Nano板（基于GPU）和覆盆子PI板上运行的图像分类应用的功耗和等待时间（GPU - 更低）。我们表明，对于（W.R.T.）本地计算分别降低了高达49％和89％的功耗和延迟，局部计算和37％和55％W.r.t.t.边缘卸载。我们还比较了具有基于最先进的自动化器的方法的瓶装方法，并显示了（i）瓶子分别将功耗和执行时间降低了高达54％和44％，覆盆子上的40％和62％ pi; （ii）在移动设备上执行的头部模型的大小为83倍。代码存储库将被公布以获得结果的完全可重复性。

预计下一代（NEVERG）网络将支持苛刻的触觉互联网应用，例如增强现实和连接的自动车辆。虽然最近的创新带来了更大的联系能力的承诺，它们对环境的敏感性以及不稳定的性能无视基于传统的基于模型的控制理由。零触摸数据驱动的方法可以提高网络适应当前操作条件的能力。诸如强化学习（RL）算法等工具可以仅基于观察历史来构建最佳控制策略。具体而言，使用深神经网络（DNN）作为预测器的深RL（DRL）已经被示出，即使在复杂的环境和高维输入中也能够实现良好的性能。但是，DRL模型的培训需要大量数据，这可能会限制其对潜在环境的不断发展统计数据的适应性。此外，无线网络是固有的分布式系统，其中集中式DRL方法需要过多的数据交换，而完全分布的方法可能导致较慢的收敛速率和性能下降。在本文中，为了解决这些挑战，我们向DRL提出了联合学习（FL）方法，我们指的是联邦DRL（F-DRL），其中基站（BS）通过仅共享模型的重量协作培训嵌入式DNN而不是训练数据。我们评估了两个不同版本的F-DRL，价值和策略，并显示出与分布式和集中式DRL相比实现的卓越性能。

Colorsseum是一种开放式和公开可用的大型无线无线测试，可通过虚拟化和软载波形和协议堆栈进行实验研究，在完全可编程的“白盒子”平台上。通过256最先进的软件定义的无线电和巨大的通道仿真器核心，罗马斗兽场几乎可以模拟任何方案，在各种部署和渠道条件下，可以在规模上进行设计，开发和测试解决方案。通过有限脉冲响应滤波器通过高保真FPGA的仿真再现这些罗马孔射频场景。过滤器模拟所需的无线通道的抽头，并将它们应用于无线电节点生成的信号，忠实地模拟现实世界无线环境的条件。在本文中，我们将罗马斗兽场介绍为测试楼，这是第一次向研究界开放。我们描述了罗马斗兽场的建筑及其实验和仿真能力。然后，我们通过示例性用例证明了罗马斗兽场对实验研究的有效性，包括频谱共享和无人空中车辆场景的普遍用途用例，包括普遍的无线技术（例如，蜂窝和Wi-Fi）。斗兽索斗兽场未来更新的路线图总结了这篇论文。

诸如智能手机和自治车辆的移动设备越来越依赖深神经网络（DNN）来执行复杂的推理任务，例如图像分类和语音识别等。但是，在移动设备上连续执行整个DNN可以快速消耗其电池。虽然任务卸载到云/边缘服务器可能会降低移动设备的计算负担，但信道质量，网络和边缘服务器负载中的不稳定模式可能导致任务执行的显着延迟。最近，已经提出了基于分割计算（SC）的方法，其中DNN被分成在移动设备上和边缘服务器上执行的头部和尾模型。最终，这可能会降低带宽使用以及能量消耗。另一种叫做早期退出（EE）的方法，列车模型在架构中呈现多个“退出”，每个都提供越来越高的目标准确性。因此，可以根据当前条件或应用需求进行准确性和延迟之间的权衡。在本文中，我们通过呈现最相关方法的比较，对SC和EE策略进行全面的综合调查。我们通过提供一系列引人注目的研究挑战来结束论文。

Continual Learning (CL) is a field dedicated to devise algorithms able to achieve lifelong learning. Overcoming the knowledge disruption of previously acquired concepts, a drawback affecting deep learning models and that goes by the name of catastrophic forgetting, is a hard challenge. Currently, deep learning methods can attain impressive results when the data modeled does not undergo a considerable distributional shift in subsequent learning sessions, but whenever we expose such systems to this incremental setting, performance drop very quickly. Overcoming this limitation is fundamental as it would allow us to build truly intelligent systems showing stability and plasticity. Secondly, it would allow us to overcome the onerous limitation of retraining these architectures from scratch with the new updated data. In this thesis, we tackle the problem from multiple directions. In a first study, we show that in rehearsal-based techniques (systems that use memory buffer), the quantity of data stored in the rehearsal buffer is a more important factor over the quality of the data. Secondly, we propose one of the early works of incremental learning on ViTs architectures, comparing functional, weight and attention regularization approaches and propose effective novel a novel asymmetric loss. At the end we conclude with a study on pretraining and how it affects the performance in Continual Learning, raising some questions about the effective progression of the field. We then conclude with some future directions and closing remarks.

Computational units in artificial neural networks follow a simplified model of biological neurons. In the biological model, the output signal of a neuron runs down the axon, splits following the many branches at its end, and passes identically to all the downward neurons of the network. Each of the downward neurons will use their copy of this signal as one of many inputs dendrites, integrate them all and fire an output, if above some threshold. In the artificial neural network, this translates to the fact that the nonlinear filtering of the signal is performed in the upward neuron, meaning that in practice the same activation is shared between all the downward neurons that use that signal as their input. Dendrites thus play a passive role. We propose a slightly more complex model for the biological neuron, where dendrites play an active role: the activation in the output of the upward neuron becomes optional, and instead the signals going through each dendrite undergo independent nonlinear filterings, before the linear combination. We implement this new model into a ReLU computational unit and discuss its biological plausibility. We compare this new computational unit with the standard one and describe it from a geometrical point of view. We provide a Keras implementation of this unit into fully connected and convolutional layers and estimate their FLOPs and weights change. We then use these layers in ResNet architectures on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, Imagenette, and Imagewoof, obtaining performance improvements over standard ResNets up to 1.73%. Finally, we prove a universal representation theorem for continuous functions on compact sets and show that this new unit has more representational power than its standard counterpart.

Detecting anomalous data within time series is a very relevant task in pattern recognition and machine learning, with many possible applications that range from disease prevention in medicine, e.g., detecting early alterations of the health status before it can clearly be defined as "illness" up to monitoring industrial plants. Regarding this latter application, detecting anomalies in an industrial plant's status firstly prevents serious damages that would require a long interruption of the production process. Secondly, it permits optimal scheduling of maintenance interventions by limiting them to urgent situations. At the same time, they typically follow a fixed prudential schedule according to which components are substituted well before the end of their expected lifetime. This paper describes a case study regarding the monitoring of the status of Laser-guided Vehicles (LGVs) batteries, on which we worked as our contribution to project SUPER (Supercomputing Unified Platform, Emilia Romagna) aimed at establishing and demonstrating a regional High-Performance Computing platform that is going to represent the main Italian supercomputing environment for both computing power and data volume.

Recent object detection models for infrared (IR) imagery are based upon deep neural networks (DNNs) and require large amounts of labeled training imagery. However, publicly-available datasets that can be used for such training are limited in their size and diversity. To address this problem, we explore cross-modal style transfer (CMST) to leverage large and diverse color imagery datasets so that they can be used to train DNN-based IR image based object detectors. We evaluate six contemporary stylization methods on four publicly-available IR datasets - the first comparison of its kind - and find that CMST is highly effective for DNN-based detectors. Surprisingly, we find that existing data-driven methods are outperformed by a simple grayscale stylization (an average of the color channels). Our analysis reveals that existing data-driven methods are either too simplistic or introduce significant artifacts into the imagery. To overcome these limitations, we propose meta-learning style transfer (MLST), which learns a stylization by composing and tuning well-behaved analytic functions. We find that MLST leads to more complex stylizations without introducing significant image artifacts and achieves the best overall detector performance on our benchmark datasets.

Objective: Accurate visual classification of bladder tissue during Trans-Urethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) procedures is essential to improve early cancer diagnosis and treatment. During TURBT interventions, White Light Imaging (WLI) and Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) techniques are used for lesion detection. Each imaging technique provides diverse visual information that allows clinicians to identify and classify cancerous lesions. Computer vision methods that use both imaging techniques could improve endoscopic diagnosis. We address the challenge of tissue classification when annotations are available only in one domain, in our case WLI, and the endoscopic images correspond to an unpaired dataset, i.e. there is no exact equivalent for every image in both NBI and WLI domains. Method: We propose a semi-surprised Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based method composed of three main components: a teacher network trained on the labeled WLI data; a cycle-consistency GAN to perform unpaired image-to-image translation, and a multi-input student network. To ensure the quality of the synthetic images generated by the proposed GAN we perform a detailed quantitative, and qualitative analysis with the help of specialists. Conclusion: The overall average classification accuracy, precision, and recall obtained with the proposed method for tissue classification are 0.90, 0.88, and 0.89 respectively, while the same metrics obtained in the unlabeled domain (NBI) are 0.92, 0.64, and 0.94 respectively. The quality of the generated images is reliable enough to deceive specialists. Significance: This study shows the potential of using semi-supervised GAN-based classification to improve bladder tissue classification when annotations are limited in multi-domain data.