注意机制已被用作跨视觉和语言（VL）任务的重要组成部分，以弥合视觉和文本特征之间的语义差距。尽管注意力已被广泛用于VL任务，但尚未研究其在弥合视觉和文本线索之间语义差距方面的不同注意对准计算的能力。在这项研究中，我们通过研究注意力评分计算方法，并检查其实际代表视觉区域的作用以及文本令牌对全球评估的重要性，对了解注意力对齐的作用进行全面分析。我们还分析了注意力分数计算机制的条件更多（或更少）可解释，并且可能会影响三个不同VL任务的模型性能，包括视觉问题答案，文本到图像生成，文本和图像匹配（句子和图像检索）。我们的分析是同类产品中的第一个，并提供了在VL任务的训练阶段应用的每个注意力对齐得分计算的重要性，这通常在基于注意力的交叉模态模型和/或预审前的模型中被忽略。

The identification of addiction-related circuits is critical for explaining addiction processes and developing addiction treatments. And models of functional addiction circuits developed from functional imaging are an effective tool for discovering and verifying addiction circuits. However, analyzing functional imaging data of addiction and detecting functional addiction circuits still have challenges. We have developed a data-driven and end-to-end generative artificial intelligence(AI) framework to address these difficulties. The framework integrates dynamic brain network modeling and novel network architecture networks architecture, including temporal graph Transformer and contrastive learning modules. A complete workflow is formed by our generative AI framework: the functional imaging data, from neurobiological experiments, and computational modeling, to end-to-end neural networks, is transformed into dynamic nicotine addiction-related circuits. It enables the detection of addiction-related brain circuits with dynamic properties and reveals the underlying mechanisms of addiction.

相关神经回路的功能改变是在一定时期的药物成瘾中发生的。这些重大变化也通过分析fMRI揭示。然而，由于fMRI的高维度和信噪比差，因此对于图形识别和尼古丁成瘾（NA）和健康控制之间的图形识别和区域级生物标志物检测任务编码有效且健壮的大脑区域嵌入是一项挑战。 HC）组。在这项工作中，我们将大鼠脑的fMRI表示为具有生物学属性的图形，并提出了一种新型特征选择的图形空间注意网络（FGSAN），以提取成瘾的生物标志物并从这些大脑网络中识别。特别是，使用图形空间注意编码器来捕获具有空间信息的时空脑网络的特征。该方法同时采用贝叶斯特征选择策略，以通过约束功能来优化模型并改善分类任务。与成瘾相关的神经成像数据集进行的实验表明，所提出的模型可以获得卓越的性能并检测与成瘾的神经回路相关的可解释的生物标志物。

最近的研究表明，神经组合优化（NCO）在许多组合优化问题（如路由）中具有优于传统算法的优点，但是对于涉及相互条件的动作空间的包装，诸如打包的更加复杂的优化任务的效率较低。在本文中，我们提出了一种经常性的条件查询学习（RCQL）方法来解决2D和3D包装问题。我们首先通过经常性编码器嵌入状态，然后采用先前操作的条件查询注意。条件查询机制填充了学习步骤之间的信息差距，将问题塑造为Markov决策过程。从复发中受益，单个RCQL模型能够处理不同尺寸的包装问题。实验结果表明，RCQL可以有效地学习用于离线和在线条带包装问题（SPP）的强烈启发式，优于空间利用率范围广泛的基线。 RCQL与最先进的方法相比，在离线2D 40盒案例中将平均箱间隙比率降低1.83％，3.84％。同时，我们的方法还实现了5.64％的空间利用率，对于1000件物品的空间利用率比现有技术更高。

Few Shot Instance Segmentation (FSIS) requires models to detect and segment novel classes with limited several support examples. In this work, we explore a simple yet unified solution for FSIS as well as its incremental variants, and introduce a new framework named Reference Twice (RefT) to fully explore the relationship between support/query features based on a Transformer-like framework. Our key insights are two folds: Firstly, with the aid of support masks, we can generate dynamic class centers more appropriately to re-weight query features. Secondly, we find that support object queries have already encoded key factors after base training. In this way, the query features can be enhanced twice from two aspects, i.e., feature-level and instance-level. In particular, we firstly design a mask-based dynamic weighting module to enhance support features and then propose to link object queries for better calibration via cross-attention. After the above steps, the novel classes can be improved significantly over our strong baseline. Additionally, our new framework can be easily extended to incremental FSIS with minor modification. When benchmarking results on the COCO dataset for FSIS, gFSIS, and iFSIS settings, our method achieves a competitive performance compared to existing approaches across different shots, e.g., we boost nAP by noticeable +8.2/+9.4 over the current state-of-the-art FSIS method for 10/30-shot. We further demonstrate the superiority of our approach on Few Shot Object Detection. Code and model will be available.

In this chapter, we review and discuss the transformation of AI technology in HCI/UX work and assess how AI technology will change how we do the work. We first discuss how AI can be used to enhance the result of user research and design evaluation. We then discuss how AI technology can be used to enhance HCI/UX design. Finally, we discuss how AI-enabled capabilities can improve UX when users interact with computing systems, applications, and services.

As one of the most important psychic stress reactions, micro-expressions (MEs), are spontaneous and transient facial expressions that can reveal the genuine emotions of human beings. Thus, recognizing MEs (MER) automatically is becoming increasingly crucial in the field of affective computing, and provides essential technical support in lie detection, psychological analysis and other areas. However, the lack of abundant ME data seriously restricts the development of cutting-edge data-driven MER models. Despite the recent efforts of several spontaneous ME datasets to alleviate this problem, it is still a tiny amount of work. To solve the problem of ME data hunger, we construct a dynamic spontaneous ME dataset with the largest current ME data scale, called DFME (Dynamic Facial Micro-expressions), which includes 7,526 well-labeled ME videos induced by 671 participants and annotated by more than 20 annotators throughout three years. Afterwards, we adopt four classical spatiotemporal feature learning models on DFME to perform MER experiments to objectively verify the validity of DFME dataset. In addition, we explore different solutions to the class imbalance and key-frame sequence sampling problems in dynamic MER respectively on DFME, so as to provide a valuable reference for future research. The comprehensive experimental results show that our DFME dataset can facilitate the research of automatic MER, and provide a new benchmark for MER. DFME will be published via https://mea-lab-421.github.io.

Face Anti-spoofing (FAS) is essential to secure face recognition systems from various physical attacks. However, recent research generally focuses on short-distance applications (i.e., phone unlocking) while lacking consideration of long-distance scenes (i.e., surveillance security checks). In order to promote relevant research and fill this gap in the community, we collect a large-scale Surveillance High-Fidelity Mask (SuHiFiMask) dataset captured under 40 surveillance scenes, which has 101 subjects from different age groups with 232 3D attacks (high-fidelity masks), 200 2D attacks (posters, portraits, and screens), and 2 adversarial attacks. In this scene, low image resolution and noise interference are new challenges faced in surveillance FAS. Together with the SuHiFiMask dataset, we propose a Contrastive Quality-Invariance Learning (CQIL) network to alleviate the performance degradation caused by image quality from three aspects: (1) An Image Quality Variable module (IQV) is introduced to recover image information associated with discrimination by combining the super-resolution network. (2) Using generated sample pairs to simulate quality variance distributions to help contrastive learning strategies obtain robust feature representation under quality variation. (3) A Separate Quality Network (SQN) is designed to learn discriminative features independent of image quality. Finally, a large number of experiments verify the quality of the SuHiFiMask dataset and the superiority of the proposed CQIL.

When using LiDAR semantic segmentation models for safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving, it is essential to understand and improve their robustness with respect to a large range of LiDAR corruptions. In this paper, we aim to comprehensively analyze the robustness of LiDAR semantic segmentation models under various corruptions. To rigorously evaluate the robustness and generalizability of current approaches, we propose a new benchmark called SemanticKITTI-C, which features 16 out-of-domain LiDAR corruptions in three groups, namely adverse weather, measurement noise and cross-device discrepancy. Then, we systematically investigate 11 LiDAR semantic segmentation models, especially spanning different input representations (e.g., point clouds, voxels, projected images, and etc.), network architectures and training schemes. Through this study, we obtain two insights: 1) We find out that the input representation plays a crucial role in robustness. Specifically, under specific corruptions, different representations perform variously. 2) Although state-of-the-art methods on LiDAR semantic segmentation achieve promising results on clean data, they are less robust when dealing with noisy data. Finally, based on the above observations, we design a robust LiDAR segmentation model (RLSeg) which greatly boosts the robustness with simple but effective modifications. It is promising that our benchmark, comprehensive analysis, and observations can boost future research in robust LiDAR semantic segmentation for safety-critical applications.

Panoptic Part Segmentation (PPS) unifies panoptic segmentation and part segmentation into one task. Previous works utilize separated approaches to handle thing, stuff, and part predictions without shared computation and task association. We aim to unify these tasks at the architectural level, designing the first end-to-end unified framework named Panoptic-PartFormer. Moreover, we find the previous metric PartPQ biases to PQ. To handle both issues, we make the following contributions: Firstly, we design a meta-architecture that decouples part feature and things/stuff feature, respectively. We model things, stuff, and parts as object queries and directly learn to optimize all three forms of prediction as a unified mask prediction and classification problem. We term our model as Panoptic-PartFormer. Secondly, we propose a new metric Part-Whole Quality (PWQ) to better measure such task from both pixel-region and part-whole perspectives. It can also decouple the error for part segmentation and panoptic segmentation. Thirdly, inspired by Mask2Former, based on our meta-architecture, we propose Panoptic-PartFormer++ and design a new part-whole cross attention scheme to further boost part segmentation qualities. We design a new part-whole interaction method using masked cross attention. Finally, the extensive ablation studies and analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of both Panoptic-PartFormer and Panoptic-PartFormer++. Compared with previous Panoptic-PartFormer, our Panoptic-PartFormer++ achieves 2% PartPQ and 3% PWQ improvements on the Cityscapes PPS dataset and 5% PartPQ on the Pascal Context PPS dataset. On both datasets, Panoptic-PartFormer++ achieves new state-of-the-art results with a significant cost drop of 70% on GFlops and 50% on parameters. Our models can serve as a strong baseline and aid future research in PPS. Code will be available.