We leverage path differentiability and a recent result on nonsmooth implicit differentiation calculus to give sufficient conditions ensuring that the solution to a monotone inclusion problem will be path differentiable, with formulas for computing its generalized gradient. A direct consequence of our result is that these solutions happen to be differentiable almost everywhere. Our approach is fully compatible with automatic differentiation and comes with assumptions which are easy to check, roughly speaking: semialgebraicity and strong monotonicity. We illustrate the scope of our results by considering three fundamental composite problem settings: strongly convex problems, dual solutions to convex minimization problems and primal-dual solutions to min-max problems.

We present SpaceQA, to the best of our knowledge the first open-domain QA system in Space mission design. SpaceQA is part of an initiative by the European Space Agency (ESA) to facilitate the access, sharing and reuse of information about Space mission design within the agency and with the public. We adopt a state-of-the-art architecture consisting of a dense retriever and a neural reader and opt for an approach based on transfer learning rather than fine-tuning due to the lack of domain-specific annotated data. Our evaluation on a test set produced by ESA is largely consistent with the results originally reported by the evaluated retrievers and confirms the need of fine tuning for reading comprehension. As of writing this paper, ESA is piloting SpaceQA internally.

我们证明了Yolov5模型（一种基于通用卷积的单杆对象检测模型）的应用，在从当前生成干涉仪检测器的重力数据中检测到二进制中子星（BNS）聚合事件的任务。我们还基于用于模型训练，验证和测试步骤的大概波形模型对合成数据生成和准备任务的详尽说明。使用这种方法，我们实现平均平均精度（$ \ text {map} _ {[0.50]} $）的单个类验证数据集的值为0.945，测试数据集的平均值为0.945，高达0.978。此外，训练有素的模型成功地识别了LIGO H1检测器数据中的GW170817事件。 LIGO L1检测器数据也可以通过附加的预处理步骤进行识别，而无需在Inspiral的最后阶段消除大故障。 GW190425事件的检测不太成功，这证明了信噪比的性能退化。我们的研究表明，Yolov5模型是第一阶段检测警报管道的有趣方法，并且在整合到更复杂的管道中时，用于实时推断物理源参数。

基于模型的经颅超声疗法的治疗计划通常涉及从头部的X射线计算机断层扫描（CT）图像中映射头骨的声学特性。在这里，将三种用于从磁共振（MR）图像中生成伪CT图像的方法作为CT的替代方法。在配对的MR-CT图像上训练了卷积神经网络（U-NET），以从T1加权或零回波时间（ZTE）MR图像（分别表示TCT和ZCT）生成伪CT图像。还实施了从中兴通讯到伪CT的直接映射（表示为CCT）。在比较测试集的伪CT和地面真相CT图像时，整个头部的平均绝对误差为133、83和145 Hounsfield单位（HU），以及398、222和336 HU的头骨内的颅骨内部的平均误差为133、83和145个。 TCT，ZCT和CCT图像。还使用生成的伪CT图像进行了超声模拟，并将其与基于CT的模拟进行了比较。使用环形阵列传感器针对视觉或运动皮层。基于TCT图像的模拟，模拟局灶性局灶性，焦点位置和焦距的平均差异为9.9％，1.5 mm和15.1％，ZCT的平均差异为5.7％，0.6 mm和5.7％，为6.7％，和5.7％ CCT为0.9毫米，为12.1％。映射的图像的改进结果突出了使用成像序列的优势，从而改善了颅骨的对比度。总体而言，这些结果表明，基于MR图像的声学仿真可以与基于CT的声学相比精度。

预训练的语言模型的目的是学习文本数据的上下文表示。预训练的语言模型已成为自然语言处理和代码建模的主流。使用探针，一种研究隐藏矢量空间的语言特性的技术，以前的作品表明，这些预训练的语言模型在其隐藏表示中编码简单的语言特性。但是，以前的工作都没有评估这些模型是否编码编程语言的整个语法结构。在本文中，我们证明了\ textit {句法子空间}的存在，该{语法子空间}位于预训练的语言模型的隐藏表示中，其中包含编程语言的句法信息。我们表明，可以从模型的表示形式中提取此子空间，并定义一种新颖的探测方法AST-Probe，该方法可以恢复输入代码段的整个抽象语法树（AST）。在我们的实验中，我们表明这种句法子空间存在于五个最先进的预训练的语言模型中。此外，我们强调说，模型的中间层是编码大多数AST信息的模型。最后，我们估计该句法子空间的最佳大小，并表明其尺寸大大低于模型的表示空间。这表明，预训练的语言模型使用其表示空间的一小部分来编码编程语言的句法信息。

可激发的光电设备代表了在神经形态（脑启发）光子系统中实施人工尖峰神经元的关键构件之一。这项工作介绍并实验研究了用谐振隧穿二极管（RTD）构建的光电 - 光学（O/E/O）人工神经元，该神经元（RTD）耦合到光电探测器作为接收器和垂直腔表面发射激光器作为发射机。我们证明了一个明确定义的兴奋性阈值，在此上面，该神经元在该神经元中产生100 ns的光学尖峰反应，具有特征性的神经样耐受性。我们利用其粉丝功能来执行设备中的重合检测（逻辑和）以及独家逻辑或（XOR）任务。这些结果提供了基于RTD的Spiking光电神经元的确定性触发和任务的首次实验验证，并具有输入和输出光学（I/O）终端。此外，我们还从理论上研究了拟议系统的纳米光子实施的前景，并结合了纳米级RTD元素和纳米剂的整体设计。因此，在未来的神经形态光子硬件中，证明了基于RTD的综合兴奋节点对低足迹，高速光电尖峰神经元的潜力。

在这项工作中，我们介绍了一种光电尖峰，能够以超速率（$ \ \左右100磅/光学尖峰）和低能耗（$ <$ PJ /秒码）运行。所提出的系统结合了具有负差分电导的可激发谐振隧道二极管（RTD）元件，耦合到纳米级光源（形成主节点）或光电探测器（形成接收器节点）。我们在数值上学习互连的主接收器RTD节点系统的尖峰动态响应和信息传播功能。使用脉冲阈值和集成的关键功能，我们利用单个节点来对顺序脉冲模式进行分类，并对图像特征（边缘）识别执行卷积功能。我们还展示了光学互连的尖峰神经网络模型，用于处理超过10 Gbps的时空数据，具有高推理精度。最后，我们展示了利用峰值定时依赖性可塑性的片外监督的学习方法，使能RTD的光子尖峰神经网络。这些结果证明了RTD尖峰节点用于低占地面积，低能量，高速光电实现神经形态硬件的潜在和可行性。

Research in Graph Signal Processing (GSP) aims to develop tools for processing data defined on irregular graph domains. In this paper we first provide an overview of core ideas in GSP and their connection to conventional digital signal processing, along with a brief historical perspective to highlight how concepts recently developed in GSP build on top of prior research in other areas. We then summarize recent advances in developing basic GSP tools, including methods for sampling, filtering or graph learning. Next, we review progress in several application areas using GSP, including processing and analysis of sensor network data, biological data, and applications to image processing and machine learning.

Process monitoring and control are essential in modern industries for ensuring high quality standards and optimizing production performance. These technologies have a long history of application in production and have had numerous positive impacts, but also hold great potential when integrated with Industry 4.0 and advanced machine learning, particularly deep learning, solutions. However, in order to implement these solutions in production and enable widespread adoption, the scalability and transferability of deep learning methods have become a focus of research. While transfer learning has proven successful in many cases, particularly with computer vision and homogenous data inputs, it can be challenging to apply to heterogeneous data. Motivated by the need to transfer and standardize established processes to different, non-identical environments and by the challenge of adapting to heterogeneous data representations, this work introduces the Domain Adaptation Neural Network with Cyclic Supervision (DBACS) approach. DBACS addresses the issue of model generalization through domain adaptation, specifically for heterogeneous data, and enables the transfer and scalability of deep learning-based statistical control methods in a general manner. Additionally, the cyclic interactions between the different parts of the model enable DBACS to not only adapt to the domains, but also match them. To the best of our knowledge, DBACS is the first deep learning approach to combine adaptation and matching for heterogeneous data settings. For comparison, this work also includes subspace alignment and a multi-view learning that deals with heterogeneous representations by mapping data into correlated latent feature spaces. Finally, DBACS with its ability to adapt and match, is applied to a virtual metrology use case for an etching process run on different machine types in semiconductor manufacturing.

An Anomaly Detection (AD) System for Self-diagnosis has been developed for Multiphase Flow Meter (MPFM). The system relies on machine learning algorithms for time series forecasting, historical data have been used to train a model and to predict the behavior of a sensor and, thus, to detect anomalies.