最近,3D视觉和语言任务吸引了不断增长的研究兴趣。与其他视觉和语言任务相比,3D视觉问题回答(VQA)任务的利用较小,并且更容易受到语言先验和共同参考的歧义。同时,由于规模和注释方法有限,最近提出的几个3D VQA数据集并不能很好地支持3D VQA任务。在这项工作中,我们通过收集一个新的3D VQA数据集(称为FE-3DGQA),正式定义和解决3D接地的VQA任务,并具有多样化且相对自由形式的提问,以及密集和完全接地的边界框注释。为了获得更多可解释的答案,我们标记了出现在复杂的质量检查对中的对象,该对象具有不同的语义类型,包括答案接地的对象(均出现并未出现在问题中),以及用于答案的对象的上下文对象。我们还提出了一个新的3D VQA框架,以有效地预测完全视觉扎根和可解释的答案。广泛的实验证明,我们新收集的基准数据集可有效地用于评估不同方面的各种3D VQA方法,而我们新提出的框架也可以在新的基准数据集中实现最新的性能。新收集的数据集和我们的代码都将在http://github.com/zlccccc/3dgqa上公开获得。
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视觉问题回答(VQA)近年来见证了巨大进展。但是,大多数努力只关注2D图像问题应答任务。在本文中,我们介绍了将VQA扩展到3D域的第一次尝试,这可以促进人工智能对3D现实世界情景的看法。与基于图像的VQA不同,3D问题应答(3DQA)将颜色点云作为输入,需要外观和3D几何理解能力来回答3D相关问题。为此,我们提出了一种基于新颖的基于变换器的3DQA框架\ TextBF {“3DQA-TR”},其包括两个编码器,分别用于利用外观和几何信息。外观,几何和的多模码信息语言问题最终可以通过3D语言伯特互相参加,以预测目标答案。要验证我们提出的3DQA框架的有效性,我们还开发了第一个建立的3DQA DataSet \ TextBF {“scanqa”} SCANNet DataSet并包含$ \ SIM $ 6K问题,$ \ SIM $ 30k答案,可满足806美元的场景。在此数据集上的广泛实验展示了我们提出的3DQA框架在现有的VQA框架上的明显优势,以及我们主要设计的有效性。我们的代码和数据集将公开可用于促进此方向的研究。
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我们提出了一项新的3D问题答案的3D空间理解任务(3D-QA)。在3D-QA任务中,模型从丰富的RGB-D室内扫描的整个3D场景接收视觉信息,并回答关于3D场景的给定文本问题。与VQA的2D答案不同,传统的2D-QA模型遭受了对对象对齐和方向的空间理解的问题,并且从3D-QA中的文本问题中失败了对象本地化。我们为3D-QA提出了一个名为ScanQA模型的3D-QA基线模型,其中模型从3D对象提案和编码的句子嵌入中获取融合描述符。该学习描述符将语言表达式与3D扫描的底层几何特征相关联,并促进3D边界框的回归以确定文本问题中的描述对象。我们收集了人类编辑的问题答案对,自由表格答案将接地为3D场景中的3D对象。我们的新ScanQA数据集包含来自Scannet DataSet的800个室内场景的超过41K问答对。据我们所知,ScanQA是第一个在3D环境中执行对象接地的问答的大规模工作。
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Learning descriptive 3D features is crucial for understanding 3D scenes with diverse objects and complex structures. However, it is usually unknown whether important geometric attributes and scene context obtain enough emphasis in an end-to-end trained 3D scene understanding network. To guide 3D feature learning toward important geometric attributes and scene context, we explore the help of textual scene descriptions. Given some free-form descriptions paired with 3D scenes, we extract the knowledge regarding the object relationships and object attributes. We then inject the knowledge to 3D feature learning through three classification-based auxiliary tasks. This language-assisted training can be combined with modern object detection and instance segmentation methods to promote 3D semantic scene understanding, especially in a label-deficient regime. Moreover, the 3D feature learned with language assistance is better aligned with the language features, which can benefit various 3D-language multimodal tasks. Experiments on several benchmarks of 3D-only and 3D-language tasks demonstrate the effectiveness of our language-assisted 3D feature learning. Code is available at https://github.com/Asterisci/Language-Assisted-3D.
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3D场景理解是一个相对新兴的研究领域。在本文中,我们介绍了3D现实世界场景(VQA-3D)中的视觉问题应答任务,旨在给出3D场景的所有可能的问题。为了解决这个问题,提出了第一个VQA-3D数据集,即CLEVR3D,其中包含在1,129个现实世界场景中的60k个问题。具体而言,我们开发一个问题发动机利用3D场景图结构来生成不同的推理问题,涵盖物体属性的问题(即,大小,颜色和材料)及其空间关系。建立在此数据集之上,我们进一步设计了第一个VQA-3D基线模型TransVQA3D。 TransVQA3D型号采用精心设计的变压器架构,实现优越的VQA-3D性能,与纯语言基线和先前的3D推理方法直接应用于3D场景。实验结果验证了VQA-3D作为辅助任务可以提高3D场景理解的性能,包括节点明智分类和全图识别的场景图分析。
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We have seen great progress in basic perceptual tasks such as object recognition and detection. However, AI models still fail to match humans in high-level vision tasks due to the lack of capacities for deeper reasoning. Recently the new task of visual question answering (QA) has been proposed to evaluate a model's capacity for deep image understanding. Previous works have established a loose, global association between QA sentences and images. However, many questions and answers, in practice, relate to local regions in the images. We establish a semantic link between textual descriptions and image regions by object-level grounding. It enables a new type of QA with visual answers, in addition to textual answers used in previous work. We study the visual QA tasks in a grounded setting with a large collection of 7W multiple-choice QA pairs. Furthermore, we evaluate human performance and several baseline models on the QA tasks. Finally, we propose a novel LSTM model with spatial attention to tackle the 7W QA tasks.
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Video Question Answering methods focus on commonsense reasoning and visual cognition of objects or persons and their interactions over time. Current VideoQA approaches ignore the textual information present in the video. Instead, we argue that textual information is complementary to the action and provides essential contextualisation cues to the reasoning process. To this end, we propose a novel VideoQA task that requires reading and understanding the text in the video. To explore this direction, we focus on news videos and require QA systems to comprehend and answer questions about the topics presented by combining visual and textual cues in the video. We introduce the ``NewsVideoQA'' dataset that comprises more than $8,600$ QA pairs on $3,000+$ news videos obtained from diverse news channels from around the world. We demonstrate the limitations of current Scene Text VQA and VideoQA methods and propose ways to incorporate scene text information into VideoQA methods.
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3D场景理解的最新进展探索了视觉接地(3DVG),以通过语言描述定位目标对象。但是,现有方法仅考虑整个句子和目标对象之间的依赖性,从而忽略了上下文与非目标之间的细粒度关系。在本文中,我们将3DVG扩展到更可靠和可解释的任务,称为3D短语意识接地(3DPAG)。 3DPAG任务旨在通过明确识别所有与短语相关的对象,然后根据上下文短语进行推理,旨在在3D场景中定位目标对象。为了解决这个问题,我们在可用的3DVG数据集中的170k句子中标记了大约400k短语级别的注释,即NR3D,SR3D和ScanRefer。通过利用这些开发的数据集,我们提出了一个新颖的框架,即Phraserefer,该框架通过短语对象对准优化以及短语特异性预训练来进行短语感知和对象级表示学习。在我们的环境中,我们将先前的3DVG方法扩展到短语感知方案,并提供指标以衡量3DPAG任务的解释性。广泛的结果证实,3DPAG有效地提高了3DVG,而Phraserefer分别在SR3D,NR3D和SCANREFER上分别达到三个数据集(即63.0%,54.4%和55.5%)的最先进。
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基于文本的视觉问题回答〜(TextVQA)旨在为具有多个场景文本的图像问题提供正确的答案。在大多数情况下,文本自然附着在物体表面上。因此,文本和对象之间的空间推理在文本VQA中至关重要。但是,现有方法在从输入图像中学到的2D空间信息中受到限制,并依靠基于变压器的体系结构在融合过程中隐含地推理。在此设置下,这些2D空间推理方法无法区分同一图像平面上的视觉对象和场景文本之间的细颗粒空间关系,从而损害了TextVQA模型的可解释性和性能。在本文中,我们将3D几何信息引入了类似人类的空间推理过程,以逐步捕获关键对象的上下文知识。 %我们通过引入3D几何信息来捕获关键对象的上下文知识来制定类似人类的空间推理过程。为了增强模型对3D空间关系的理解,特别是(i)〜我们提出了一个关系预测模块,以准确定位关键对象的关注区域; (ii)〜我们设计了一个深度感知的注意校准模块,以根据关键对象校准OCR令牌的注意力。广泛的实验表明,我们的方法在TextVQA和ST-VQA数据集上实现了最先进的性能。更令人鼓舞的是,我们的模型在涉及TextVQA和ST-VQA有效拆分中的空间推理的问题上以5.7 \%和12.1 \%的明显边缘超过了他人。此外,我们还验证了模型对基于文本的图像字幕任务的普遍性。
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图表是一种流行且有效的数据可视化形式。图表问题应答(CQA)是用于评估图表理解的任务,从根本上与理解自然图像不同。 CQA需要分析图表的文本和视觉组件之间的关系,以便回答一般问题或推断数值。大多数现有的CQA数据集和IT模型都基于简化通常能够超越人类性能的假设。在这项工作中,我们进一步探讨了这一结果背后的原因,并提出了一个共同学习分类和回归的新模式。我们的语言视觉与共同关注变压器设置捕获问题与文本元素之间的复杂相互作用,该元素通常存在于现实世界图表中。我们通过广泛的实验和故障验证了这些结论,并在现实的PlotQA数据集中进行了故障,优于较大的边距,同时表现出竞争性能。我们的模型的边缘尤其强调了与词汇外答案的问题,其中许多需要回归。我们希望这项工作能够进一步促进解决挑战性和高实际实际任务的进一步研究图表理解。
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文本VQA旨在回答需要了解图像中文本提示的问题。尽管现有的文本VQA方法取得了长足的进步,但它们的性能仍遭受了人类标记的问题解答(QA)对不足。但是,我们观察到,通常在现有数据集中没有完全利用场景文本 - 每个图像中只有一小部分文本参与了带注释的QA活动。这导致大量有用的信息浪费。为了解决这种缺陷,我们开发了一种新方法来通过明确利用每个图像的场景上下文中可用的现有文本来生成高质量和多样化的质量质量对。具体而言,我们建议,TAG是一种文本感知的视觉问题 - 答案生成的结构,该结构学会使用多模式变压器来生成有意义且准确的QA样品。该体系结构通过将生成的QA对与初始培训数据相结合,从而利用了未充满激光的场景文本信息,并增强了文本VQA模型的场景理解。对两个众所周知的Text-VQA基准(TextVQA和ST-VQA)的广泛实验结果表明,我们提议的标签有效地扩大了训练数据,有助于提高文本VQA性能而无需额外的标签努力。此外,我们的模型优于预先通过大规模数据进行训练的最先进方法。代码将公开可用。
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在本文中,我们提出了端到端的结构化多峰关注(SMA)神经网络,主要解决了上述前两个问题。 SMA首先使用结构图表示来编码图像中出现的对象对象,对象文本和文本文本关系,然后设计多模式图注意网络以推理它。最后,由上述模块的输出由全局本地注意力应答模块处理,以通过跟随M4C迭代地生成从两个OCR和常规词汇拼接的答案。我们所提出的模型优于TextVQA数据集上的SOTA模型以及除基于预先训练的水龙头之外的所有模型中的所有模型中的ST-VQA数据集的两个任务。展示了强大的推理能力,它还在TextVQA挑战中获得了第一名的第一名。我们在几种推理模型中广泛测试了不同的OCR方法,并调查了逐步提高了OCR性能对TextVQA基准的影响。通过更好的OCR结果,不同的型号对VQA准确性的戏剧性提高,但我们的模型受益最强烈的文本视觉推理能力。要授予我们的方法,并为进一步作品提供公平的测试基础,我们还为TextVQA数据集提供人为的地面实际OCR注释,这些ocr注释未在原始版本中提供。 TextVQA数据集的代码和地面ocr注释在https://github.com/chenyugao-cs/sma提供
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用于视觉语言表示学习的变压器已经引起了很多兴趣,并在视觉问题答案(VQA)和接地方面表现出了巨大的表现。但是,大多数显示出良好性能的系统在培训过程中仍然依赖于预训练的对象探测器,这将其适用性限制在可用于这些检测器的对象类中。为了减轻这种限制,以下论文着重于在变形金刚中的视觉问题答案的背景下进行弱监督的基础问题。该方法通过将每个视觉令牌分组在视觉编码器中,并使用语言自我发项层作为文本引导选择模块来利用胶囊,以在将它们转发到下一层之前掩盖它们。我们评估了针对挑战的GQA以及VQA帽数据集的VQA接地的方法。我们的实验表明:在从标准变压器体系结构中删除蒙版对象的信息的同时,胶囊的集成显着提高了此类系统的接地能力,并提供了与其他新的最先进的结果。在现场接近。
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its applications have sparked extraordinary interest in recent years. This achievement can be ascribed in part to advances in AI subfields including Machine Learning (ML), Computer Vision (CV), and Natural Language Processing (NLP). Deep learning, a sub-field of machine learning that employs artificial neural network concepts, has enabled the most rapid growth in these domains. The integration of vision and language has sparked a lot of attention as a result of this. The tasks have been created in such a way that they properly exemplify the concepts of deep learning. In this review paper, we provide a thorough and an extensive review of the state of the arts approaches, key models design principles and discuss existing datasets, methods, their problem formulation and evaluation measures for VQA and Visual reasoning tasks to understand vision and language representation learning. We also present some potential future paths in this field of research, with the hope that our study may generate new ideas and novel approaches to handle existing difficulties and develop new applications.
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Performing 3D dense captioning and visual grounding requires a common and shared understanding of the underlying multimodal relationships. However, despite some previous attempts on connecting these two related tasks with highly task-specific neural modules, it remains understudied how to explicitly depict their shared nature to learn them simultaneously. In this work, we propose UniT3D, a simple yet effective fully unified transformer-based architecture for jointly solving 3D visual grounding and dense captioning. UniT3D enables learning a strong multimodal representation across the two tasks through a supervised joint pre-training scheme with bidirectional and seq-to-seq objectives. With a generic architecture design, UniT3D allows expanding the pre-training scope to more various training sources such as the synthesized data from 2D prior knowledge to benefit 3D vision-language tasks. Extensive experiments and analysis demonstrate that UniT3D obtains significant gains for 3D dense captioning and visual grounding.
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视觉问题应答(VQA)任务利用视觉图像和语言分析来回回答图像的文本问题。它是一个流行的研究课题,在过去十年中越来越多的现实应用。本文介绍了我们最近对AliceMind-MMU的研究(阿里巴巴的编码器 - 解码器来自Damo Academy - 多媒体理解的机器智能实验室),其比人类在VQA上获得相似甚至略微更好的结果。这是通过系统地改善VQA流水线来实现的,包括:(1)具有全面的视觉和文本特征表示的预培训; (2)与学习参加的有效跨模型互动; (3)一个新颖的知识挖掘框架,具有专门的专业专家模块,适用于复杂的VQA任务。处理不同类型的视觉问题,需要具有相应的专业知识在提高我们的VQA架构的表现方面发挥着重要作用,这取决于人力水平。进行了广泛的实验和分析,以证明新的研究工作的有效性。
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Vision-and-language reasoning requires an understanding of visual concepts, language semantics, and, most importantly, the alignment and relationships between these two modalities. We thus propose the LXMERT (Learning Cross-Modality Encoder Representations from Transformers) framework to learn these vision-and-language connections. In LXMERT, we build a large-scale Transformer model that consists of three encoders: an object relationship encoder, a language encoder, and a cross-modality encoder. Next, to endow our model with the capability of connecting vision and language semantics, we pre-train the model with large amounts of image-and-sentence pairs, via five diverse representative pre-training tasks: masked language modeling, masked object prediction (feature regression and label classification), cross-modality matching, and image question answering. These tasks help in learning both intra-modality and cross-modality relationships. After fine-tuning from our pretrained parameters, our model achieves the state-of-the-art results on two visual question answering datasets (i.e., VQA and GQA). We also show the generalizability of our pretrained cross-modality model by adapting it to a challenging visual-reasoning task, NLVR 2 , and improve the previous best result by 22% absolute (54% to 76%). Lastly, we demonstrate detailed ablation studies to prove that both our novel model components and pretraining strategies significantly contribute to our strong results; and also present several attention visualizations for the different encoders. 1
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We introduce GQA, a new dataset for real-world visual reasoning and compositional question answering, seeking to address key shortcomings of previous VQA datasets. We have developed a strong and robust question engine that leverages Visual Genome scene graph structures to create 22M diverse reasoning questions, which all come with functional programs that represent their semantics. We use the programs to gain tight control over the answer distribution and present a new tunable smoothing technique to mitigate question biases. Accompanying the dataset is a suite of new metrics that evaluate essential qualities such as consistency, grounding and plausibility. A careful analysis is performed for baselines as well as state-of-the-art models, providing fine-grained results for different question types and topologies. Whereas a blind LSTM obtains a mere 42.1%, and strong VQA models achieve 54.1%, human performance tops at 89.3%, offering ample opportunity for new research to explore. We hope GQA will provide an enabling resource for the next generation of models with enhanced robustness, improved consistency, and deeper semantic understanding of vision and language.
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对于机器人来说,了解人类指令并在不久的将来执行有意义的任务,重要的是开发学习的模型,了解了参考语言,以识别现实世界3D场景中的共同对象。在本文中,我们介绍了一种用于3D视觉接地问题的空间语言模型。具体地,给定具有潜在对象候选的3D边界框的点云形式的重建的3D场景,以及参考场景中的目标对象的语言话语,我们的模型成功地将目标对象从一组潜在的候选者识别。具体而言,Languagrefer使用基于变压器的架构,该架构将空间嵌入与边界框中的空间嵌入与来自Distilbert的微调语言嵌入式的绑定框相结合,以预测目标对象。我们表明它竞争地表现在引用3D提出的Visio-linguistic数据集上。此外,我们分析其空间推理任务性能与感知噪声分离,视图依赖性话语的准确性,以及用于潜在机器人应用的观点注释。
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Despite progress in perceptual tasks such as image classification, computers still perform poorly on cognitive tasks such as image description and question answering. Cognition is core to tasks that involve not just recognizing, but reasoning about our visual world. However, models used to tackle the rich content in images for cognitive tasks are still being trained using the same datasets designed for perceptual tasks. To achieve success at cognitive tasks, models need to understand the interactions and relationships between objects in
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