最近，刘和张研究了从压缩传感的角度研究了时间序列预测的相当具有挑战性的问题。他们提出了一个没有学习的方法，名为卷积核规范最小化（CNNM），并证明了CNNM可以完全从其观察到的部分恢复一系列系列的部分，只要该系列是卷积的低级。虽然令人印象深刻，但是每当系列远离季节性时可能不满足卷积的低秩条件，并且实际上是脆弱的趋势和动态的存在。本文试图通过将学习，正常的转换集成到CNNM中，以便将一系列渐开线结构转换为卷积低等级的常规信号的目的。我们证明，由于系列的变换是卷积低级的转换，所以，所产生的模型是基于学习的基于学习的CNNM（LBCNM），严格成功地识别了一个系列的未来部分。为了学习可能符合所需成功条件的适当转换，我们设计了一种基于主成分追求（PCP）的可解释方法。配备了这种学习方法和一些精心设计的数据论证技巧，LBCNM不仅可以处理时间序列的主要组成部分（包括趋势，季节性和动态），还可以利用其他一些预测方法提供的预测;这意味着LBCNNM可以用作模型组合的一般工具。从时间序列数据库（TSDL）和M4竞争（M4）的100,452个现实世界时间序列的大量实验证明了LBCNNM的卓越性能。

本文从压缩感测的角度研究时间序列预测（TSF）的问题。首先，我们将TSF转换为具有任意采样（TCAS）的更加包容性问题，称为TCOR完成，该问题是从其条目的子集中以任意方式恢复张量。虽然已知在Tucker低级别的框架中，但理论上是不可能根据一些任意选择的条目识别目标张量，在这项工作中，我们将表明TCAS根据称为新概念的光明粘附卷积低秩，这是众所周知的傅立叶稀疏性的概括。然后我们介绍了一个凸面的卷积核规范最小化（CNNM），我们证明CNNM在求解TCA时，只要采样条件取决于目标张量的卷积等级 - 遵守。该理论为制作给定数量预测所需的最小采样大小提供了有意义的答案。单变量时间序列，图像和视频的实验显示令人鼓舞的结果。

This paper is about a curious phenomenon. Suppose we have a data matrix, which is the superposition of a low-rank component and a sparse component. Can we recover each component individually? We prove that under some suitable assumptions, it is possible to recover both the low-rank and the sparse components exactly by solving a very convenient convex program called Principal Component Pursuit; among all feasible decompositions, simply minimize a weighted combination of the nuclear norm and of the 1 norm. This suggests the possibility of a principled approach to robust principal component analysis since our methodology and results assert that one can recover the principal components of a data matrix even though a positive fraction of its entries are arbitrarily corrupted. This extends to the situation where a fraction of the entries are missing as well. We discuss an algorithm for solving this optimization problem, and present applications in the area of video surveillance, where our methodology allows for the detection of objects in a cluttered background, and in the area of face recognition, where it offers a principled way of removing shadows and specularities in images of faces.

The affine rank minimization problem consists of finding a matrix of minimum rank that satisfies a given system of linear equality constraints. Such problems have appeared in the literature of a diverse set of fields including system identification and control, Euclidean embedding, and collaborative filtering. Although specific instances can often be solved with specialized algorithms, the general affine rank minimization problem is NP-hard, because it contains vector cardinality minimization as a special case.In this paper, we show that if a certain restricted isometry property holds for the linear transformation defining the constraints, the minimum rank solution can be recovered by solving a convex optimization problem, namely the minimization of the nuclear norm over the given affine space. We present several random ensembles of equations where the restricted isometry property holds with overwhelming probability, provided the codimension of the subspace is Ω(r(m + n) log mn), where m, n are the dimensions of the matrix, and r is its rank.The techniques used in our analysis have strong parallels in the compressed sensing framework. We discuss how affine rank minimization generalizes this pre-existing concept and outline a dictionary relating concepts from cardinality minimization to those of rank minimization. We also discuss several algorithmic approaches to solving the norm minimization relaxations, and illustrate our results with numerical examples.

We consider a problem of considerable practical interest: the recovery of a data matrix from a sampling of its entries. Suppose that we observe m entries selected uniformly at random from a matrix M . Can we complete the matrix and recover the entries that we have not seen?We show that one can perfectly recover most low-rank matrices from what appears to be an incomplete set of entries. We prove that if the number m of sampled entries obeys m ≥ C n 1.2 r log n for some positive numerical constant C, then with very high probability, most n × n matrices of rank r can be perfectly recovered by solving a simple convex optimization program. This program finds the matrix with minimum nuclear norm that fits the data. The condition above assumes that the rank is not too large. However, if one replaces the 1.2 exponent with 1.25, then the result holds for all values of the rank. Similar results hold for arbitrary rectangular matrices as well. Our results are connected with the recent literature on compressed sensing, and show that objects other than signals and images can be perfectly reconstructed from very limited information.

我们使用张量奇异值分解（T-SVD）代数框架提出了一种新的快速流算法，用于抵抗缺失的低管级张量的缺失条目。我们展示T-SVD是三阶张量的研究型块术语分解的专业化，我们在该模型下呈现了一种算法，可以跟踪从不完全流2-D数据的可自由子模块。所提出的算法使用来自子空间的基层歧管的增量梯度下降的原理，以解决线性复杂度和时间样本的恒定存储器的张量完成问题。我们为我们的算法提供了局部预期的线性收敛结果。我们的经验结果在精确态度上具有竞争力，但在计算时间内比实际应用上的最先进的张量完成算法更快，以在有限的采样下恢复时间化疗和MRI数据。

Low-rank matrix approximations, such as the truncated singular value decomposition and the rank-revealing QR decomposition, play a central role in data analysis and scientific computing. This work surveys and extends recent research which demonstrates that randomization offers a powerful tool for performing low-rank matrix approximation. These techniques exploit modern computational architectures more fully than classical methods and open the possibility of dealing with truly massive data sets.This paper presents a modular framework for constructing randomized algorithms that compute partial matrix decompositions. These methods use random sampling to identify a subspace that captures most of the action of a matrix. The input matrix is then compressed-either explicitly or implicitly-to this subspace, and the reduced matrix is manipulated deterministically to obtain the desired low-rank factorization. In many cases, this approach beats its classical competitors in terms of accuracy, speed, and robustness. These claims are supported by extensive numerical experiments and a detailed error analysis.The specific benefits of randomized techniques depend on the computational environment. Consider the model problem of finding the k dominant components of the singular value decomposition of an m × n matrix. (i) For a dense input matrix, randomized algorithms require O(mn log(k)) floating-point operations (flops) in contrast with O(mnk) for classical algorithms. (ii) For a sparse input matrix, the flop count matches classical Krylov subspace methods, but the randomized approach is more robust and can easily be reorganized to exploit multi-processor architectures. (iii) For a matrix that is too large to fit in fast memory, the randomized techniques require only a constant number of passes over the data, as opposed to O(k) passes for classical algorithms. In fact, it is sometimes possible to perform matrix approximation with a single pass over the data.

我们介绍和分析了多元奇异频谱分析（MSSA）的变体，这是一种流行的时间序列方法，用于启用和预测多元时间序列。在我们介绍的时空因素模型下，给定$ n $时间序列和$ t $观测时间序列，我们为插补和样本外预测均有效地扩展为$ 1 / \ sqrt，为预测和样本预测有效地缩放均值{\ min（n，t）t} $。这是一个改进：（i）$ 1 /\ sqrt {t} $ SSA的错误缩放，MSSA限制对单变量时间序列； （ii）$ 1/\ min（n，t）$对于不利用数据中时间结构的矩阵估计方法的错误缩放。我们引入的时空模型包括：谐波，多项式，可区分的周期函数和持有人连续函数的任何有限总和和产物。在时空因素模型下，我们的样本外预测结果可能对在线学习具有独立的兴趣。从经验上讲，在基准数据集上，我们的MSSA变体通过最先进的神经网络时间序列方法（例如，DEEPAR，LSTM）竞争性能，并且明显优于诸如矢量自动化（VAR）之类的经典方法。最后，我们提出了MSSA的扩展：（i）估计时间序列的时变差异的变体； （ii）一种张量变体，对于$ n $和$ t $的某些制度具有更好的样本复杂性。

现代高维方法经常采用“休稀稀物”的原则，而在监督多元学习统计学中可能面临着大量非零系数的“密集”问题。本文提出了一种新的聚类减少秩（CRL）框架，其施加了两个联合矩阵规范化，以自动分组构建预测因素的特征。 CRL比低级别建模更具可解释，并放松变量选择中的严格稀疏假设。在本文中，提出了新的信息 - 理论限制，揭示了寻求集群的内在成本，以及多元学习中的维度的祝福。此外，开发了一种有效的优化算法，其执行子空间学习和具有保证融合的聚类。所获得的定点估计器虽然不一定是全局最佳的，但在某些规则条件下享有超出标准似然设置的所需的统计准确性。此外，提出了一种新的信息标准，以及其无垢形式，用于集群和秩选择，并且具有严格的理论支持，而不假设无限的样本大小。广泛的模拟和实数据实验证明了所提出的方法的统计准确性和可解释性。

Tensor完成是矩阵完成的自然高阶泛化，其中目标是从其条目的稀疏观察中恢复低级张量。现有算法在没有可证明的担保的情况下是启发式，基于解决运行不切实际的大型半纤维程序，或者需要强大的假设，例如需要因素几乎正交。在本文中，我们介绍了交替最小化的新变型，其又通过了解如何对矩阵设置中的交替最小化的收敛性的进展措施来调整到张量设置的启发。我们展示了强大的可证明的保证，包括表明我们的算法即使当因素高度相关时，我们的算法也会在真正的张量线上会聚，并且可以在几乎线性的时间内实现。此外，我们的算法也非常实用，我们表明我们可以完成具有千维尺寸的三阶张量，从观察其条目的微小一部分。相比之下，有些令人惊讶的是，我们表明，如果没有我们的新扭曲，则表明交替最小化的标准版本可以在实践中以急剧速度收敛。

We consider the nonlinear inverse problem of learning a transition operator $\mathbf{A}$ from partial observations at different times, in particular from sparse observations of entries of its powers $\mathbf{A},\mathbf{A}^2,\cdots,\mathbf{A}^{T}$. This Spatio-Temporal Transition Operator Recovery problem is motivated by the recent interest in learning time-varying graph signals that are driven by graph operators depending on the underlying graph topology. We address the nonlinearity of the problem by embedding it into a higher-dimensional space of suitable block-Hankel matrices, where it becomes a low-rank matrix completion problem, even if $\mathbf{A}$ is of full rank. For both a uniform and an adaptive random space-time sampling model, we quantify the recoverability of the transition operator via suitable measures of incoherence of these block-Hankel embedding matrices. For graph transition operators these measures of incoherence depend on the interplay between the dynamics and the graph topology. We develop a suitable non-convex iterative reweighted least squares (IRLS) algorithm, establish its quadratic local convergence, and show that, in optimal scenarios, no more than $\mathcal{O}(rn \log(nT))$ space-time samples are sufficient to ensure accurate recovery of a rank-$r$ operator $\mathbf{A}$ of size $n \times n$. This establishes that spatial samples can be substituted by a comparable number of space-time samples. We provide an efficient implementation of the proposed IRLS algorithm with space complexity of order $O(r n T)$ and per-iteration time complexity linear in $n$. Numerical experiments for transition operators based on several graph models confirm that the theoretical findings accurately track empirical phase transitions, and illustrate the applicability and scalability of the proposed algorithm.

在本文中，我们提供了有关Hankel低级近似和完成工作的综述和书目，特别强调了如何将这种方法用于时间序列分析和预测。我们首先描述问题的可能表述，并就获得全球最佳解决方案的相关主题和挑战提供评论。提供了关键定理，并且纸张以一些说明性示例关闭。

网络数据通常在各种应用程序中收集，代表感兴趣的功能之间直接测量或统计上推断的连接。在越来越多的域中，这些网络会随着时间的流逝而收集，例如不同日子或多个主题之间的社交媒体平台用户之间的交互，例如在大脑连接性的多主体研究中。在分析多个大型网络时，降低降低技术通常用于将网络嵌入更易于处理的低维空间中。为此，我们通过专门的张量分解来开发用于网络集合的主组件分析（PCA）的框架，我们将半对称性张量PCA或SS-TPCA术语。我们得出计算有效的算法来计算我们提出的SS-TPCA分解，并在标准的低级别信号加噪声模型下建立方法的统计效率。值得注意的是，我们表明SS-TPCA具有与经典矩阵PCA相同的估计精度，并且与网络中顶点数的平方根成正比，而不是预期的边缘数。我们的框架继承了古典PCA的许多优势，适用于广泛的无监督学习任务，包括识别主要网络，隔离有意义的更改点或外出观察，以及表征最不同边缘的“可变性网络”。最后，我们证明了我们的提案对模拟数据的有效性以及经验法律研究的示例。用于建立我们主要一致性结果的技术令人惊讶地简单明了，可能会在其他各种网络分析问题中找到使用。

近年来，在诸如denoing，压缩感应，介入和超分辨率等反问题中使用深度学习方法的使用取得了重大进展。尽管这种作品主要是由实践算法和实验驱动的，但它也引起了各种有趣的理论问题。在本文中，我们调查了这一作品中一些突出的理论发展，尤其是生成先验，未经训练的神经网络先验和展开算法。除了总结这些主题中的现有结果外，我们还强调了一些持续的挑战和开放问题。

本文研究了聚类基质值观测值的计算和统计限制。我们提出了一个低级别的混合模型（LRMM），该模型适用于经典的高斯混合模型（GMM）来处理基质值观测值，该观测值假设人口中心矩阵的低级别。通过集成Lloyd算法和低级近似值设计了一种计算有效的聚类方法。一旦定位良好，该算法将快速收敛并达到最小值最佳的指数型聚类错误率。同时，我们表明一种基于张量的光谱方法可提供良好的初始聚类。与GMM相当，最小值最佳聚类错误率是由分离强度（即种群中心矩阵之间的最小距离）决定的。通过利用低级度，提出的算法对分离强度的要求较弱。但是，与GMM不同，LRMM的统计难度和计算难度的特征是信号强度，即最小的人口中心矩阵的非零奇异值。提供了证据表明，即使信号强度不够强，即使分离强度很强，也没有多项式时间算法是一致的。在高斯以下噪声下进一步证明了我们低级劳埃德算法的性能。讨论了LRMM下估计和聚类之间的有趣差异。通过全面的仿真实验证实了低级劳埃德算法的优点。最后，我们的方法在现实世界数据集的文献中优于其他方法。

约束的张量和矩阵分子化模型允许从多道数据中提取可解释模式。因此，对于受约束的低秩近似度的可识别性特性和有效算法是如此重要的研究主题。这项工作涉及低秩近似的因子矩阵的列，以众所周知的和可能的过度顺序稀疏，该模型包括基于字典的低秩近似（DLRA）。虽然早期的贡献集中在候选列字典内的发现因子列，即一稀疏的近似值，这项工作是第一个以大于1的稀疏性解决DLRA。我建议专注于稀疏编码的子问题，在解决DLRA时出现的混合稀疏编码（MSC）以交替的优化策略在解决DLRA时出现。提供了基于稀疏编码启发式的几种算法（贪婪方法，凸起放松）以解决MSC。在模拟数据上评估这些启发式的性能。然后，我展示了如何基于套索来调整一个有效的MSC求解器，以计算高光谱图像处理和化学测量学的背景下的基于词典的基于矩阵分解和规范的多adic分解。这些实验表明，DLRA扩展了低秩近似的建模能力，有助于降低估计方差并提高估计因子的可识别性和可解释性。

Spatiotemporal traffic data imputation is of great significance in intelligent transportation systems and data-driven decision-making processes. To make an accurate reconstruction on partially observed traffic data, we assert the importance of characterizing both global and local trends in traffic time series. In the literature, substantial prior works have demonstrated the effectiveness of utilizing low-rankness property of traffic data by matrix/tensor completion models. In this study, we first introduce a Laplacian kernel to temporal regularization for characterizing local trends in traffic time series, which can be formulated in the form of circular convolution. Then, we develop a low-rank Laplacian convolutional representation (LCR) model by putting the nuclear norm of a circulant matrix and the Laplacian temporal regularization together, which is proved to meet a unified framework that takes a fast Fourier transform solution in a relatively low time complexity. Through extensive experiments on some traffic datasets, we demonstrate the superiority of LCR for imputing traffic time series of various time series behaviors (e.g., data noises and strong/weak periodicity). The proposed LCR model is an efficient and effective solution to large-scale traffic data imputation over the existing baseline models. The adapted datasets and Python implementation are publicly available at https://github.com/xinychen/transdim.

我们提出了一个算法框架，用于近距离矩阵上的量子启发的经典算法，概括了Tang的突破性量子启发算法开始的一系列结果，用于推荐系统[STOC'19]。由量子线性代数算法和gily \'en，su，low和wiebe [stoc'19]的量子奇异值转换（SVT）框架[SVT）的动机[STOC'19]，我们开发了SVT的经典算法合适的量子启发的采样假设。我们的结果提供了令人信服的证据，表明在相应的QRAM数据结构输入模型中，量子SVT不会产生指数量子加速。由于量子SVT框架基本上概括了量子线性代数的所有已知技术，因此我们的结果与先前工作的采样引理相结合，足以概括所有有关取消量子机器学习算法的最新结果。特别是，我们的经典SVT框架恢复并经常改善推荐系统，主成分分析，监督聚类，支持向量机器，低秩回归和半决赛程序解决方案的取消结果。我们还为汉密尔顿低级模拟和判别分析提供了其他取消化结果。我们的改进来自识别量子启发的输入模型的关键功能，该模型是所有先前量子启发的结果的核心：$ \ ell^2 $ -Norm采样可以及时近似于其尺寸近似矩阵产品。我们将所有主要结果减少到这一事实，使我们的简洁，独立和直观。

This paper considers the model problem of reconstructing an object from incomplete frequency samples. Consider a discrete-time signal f ∈ C N and a randomly chosen set of frequencies Ω of mean size τ N . Is it possible to reconstruct f from the partial knowledge of its Fourier coefficients on the set Ω?A typical result of this paper is as follows: for each M > 0, suppose that f obeysthen with probability at least 1 − O(N −M ), f can be reconstructed exactly as the solution to the ℓ 1 minimization problem min g N −1 t=0 |g(t)|, s.t. ĝ(ω) = f (ω) for all ω ∈ Ω.In short, exact recovery may be obtained by solving a convex optimization problem.We give numerical values for α which depends on the desired probability of success; except for the logarithmic factor, the condition on the size of the support is sharp.The methodology extends to a variety of other setups and higher dimensions. For example, we show how one can reconstruct a piecewise constant (one or two-dimensional) object from incomplete frequency samples-provided that the number of jumps (discontinuities) obeys the condition above-by minimizing other convex functionals such as the total-variation of f .

我们的目标是在沿着张量模式的协变量信息存在中可获得稀疏和高度缺失的张量。我们的动机来自在线广告，在各种设备上的广告上的用户点击率（CTR）形成了大约96％缺失条目的CTR张量，并且在非缺失条目上有许多零，这使得独立的张量完井方法不满意。除了CTR张量旁边，额外的广告功能或用户特性通常可用。在本文中，我们提出了协助协助的稀疏张力完成（Costco），以合并复苏恢复稀疏张量的协变量信息。关键思想是共同提取来自张量和协变矩阵的潜伏组分以学习合成表示。从理论上讲，我们导出了恢复的张量组件的错误绑定，并明确地量化了由于协变量引起的显露概率条件和张量恢复精度的改进。最后，我们将Costco应用于由CTR张量和广告协变矩阵组成的广告数据集，从而通过基线的23％的准确性改进。重要的副产品是来自Costco的广告潜在组件显示有趣的广告集群，这对于更好的广告目标是有用的。