Using Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems with extensive sensing arrangements on every civil structure can be costly and impractical. Various concepts have been introduced to alleviate such difficulties, such as Population-based SHM (PBSHM). Nevertheless, the studies presented in the literature do not adequately address the challenge of accessing the information on different structural states (conditions) of dissimilar civil structures. The study herein introduces a novel framework named Structural State Translation (SST), which aims to estimate the response data of different civil structures based on the information obtained from a dissimilar structure. SST can be defined as Translating a state of one civil structure to another state after discovering and learning the domain-invariant representation in the source domains of a dissimilar civil structure. SST employs a Domain-Generalized Cycle-Generative (DGCG) model to learn the domain-invariant representation in the acceleration datasets obtained from a numeric bridge structure that is in two different structural conditions. In other words, the model is tested on three dissimilar numeric bridge models to translate their structural conditions. The evaluation results of SST via Mean Magnitude-Squared Coherence (MMSC) and modal identifiers showed that the translated bridge states (synthetic states) are significantly similar to the real ones. As such, the minimum and maximum average MMSC values of real and translated bridge states are 91.2% and 97.1%, the minimum and the maximum difference in natural frequencies are 5.71% and 0%, and the minimum and maximum Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC) values are 0.998 and 0.870. This study is critical for data scarcity and PBSHM, as it demonstrates that it is possible to obtain data from structures while the structure is actually in a different condition or state.

在过去的几十年中，数据科学领域已经存在着激烈的进展，而其他学科则不断受益于此。结构健康监测（SHM）是使用人工智能（AI）的那些领域之一，例如机器学习（ML）和深度学习（DL）算法，用于基于所收集的数据的民用结构的条件评估。 ML和DL方法需要大量的培训程序数据;但是，在SHM中，来自民间结构的数据收集非常详尽;特别是获得有用的数据（相关数据损坏）可能非常具有挑战性。本文使用1-D Wasserstein深卷积生成的对抗网络，使用梯度惩罚（1-D WDCGAN-GP）进行合成标记的振动数据生成。然后，通过使用1-D深卷积神经网络（1-D DCNN）来实现在不同级别的合成增强振动数据集的结构损伤检测。损伤检测结果表明，1-D WDCAN-GP可以成功地利用以解决基于振动的民用结构的损伤诊断数据稀缺。关键词：结构健康监测（SHM），结构损伤诊断，结构损伤检测，1-D深卷积神经网络（1-D DCNN），1-D生成对抗网络（1-D GAN），深卷积生成的对抗网络（ DCGAN），Wassersein生成的对抗性网络具有梯度惩罚（WAN-GP）

Gathering properly labelled, adequately rich, and case-specific data for successfully training a data-driven or hybrid model for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications is a challenging task. We posit that a Transfer Learning (TL) method that utilizes available data in any relevant source domain and directly applies to the target domain through domain adaptation can provide substantial remedies to address this issue. Accordingly, we present a novel TL method that differentiates between the source's no-damage and damage cases and utilizes a domain adaptation (DA) technique. The DA module transfers the accumulated knowledge in contrasting no-damage and damage cases in the source domain to the target domain, given only the target's no-damage case. High-dimensional features allow employing signal processing domain knowledge to devise a generalizable DA approach. The Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) architecture is adopted for learning since its optimization process accommodates high-dimensional inputs in a zero-shot setting. At the same time, its training objective conforms seamlessly with the case of no-damage and damage data in SHM since its discriminator network differentiates between real (no damage) and fake (possibly unseen damage) data. An extensive set of experimental results demonstrates the method's success in transferring knowledge on differences between no-damage and damage cases across three strongly heterogeneous independent target structures. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics curves (Area Under the Curve - AUC) is used to evaluate the differentiation between no-damage and damage cases in the target domain, reaching values as high as 0.95. With no-damage and damage cases discerned from each other, zero-shot structural damage detection is carried out. The mean F1 scores for all damages in the three independent datasets are 0.978, 0.992, and 0.975.

由于培训和测试数据分布之间的域移动，新的操作条件可能会导致故障诊断模型的大量性能下降。尽管已经提出了几种域的适应方法来克服此类域移位，但如果两个域中表示的故障类别不相同，则其应用是有限的。为了在两个不同的域之间启用训练有素的模型的更好可传递性，尤其是在两个域之间仅共享健康数据类别的设置中，我们提出了一个新的框架，以基于生成不同的故障签名的部分和开放式域适应一个瓦斯林甘。提出的框架的主要贡献是具有两个主要不同特征的受控合成断层数据生成。首先，所提出的方法使目标域中仅能访问目标域中的健康样品和源域中的样本错误，从而在目标域中生成未观察到的故障类型。其次，可以将故障产生控制以精确生成不同的故障类型和故障严重程度。所提出的方法特别适合于极端域的适应设置，这些设置在复杂和安全关键系统的背景下特别相关，其中两个域之间仅共享一个类。我们在两个轴承断层诊断案例研究上评估了部分和开放式域适应任务的拟议框架。我们在不同标签空间设置中进行的实验展示了提出的框架的多功能性。与给定较大域间隙的其他方法相比，提出的方法提供了优越的结果。

对分布（OOD）数据的概括是人类自然的能力，但对于机器而言挑战。这是因为大多数学习算法强烈依赖于i.i.d.〜对源/目标数据的假设，这在域转移导致的实践中通常会违反。域的概括（DG）旨在通过仅使用源数据进行模型学习来实现OOD的概括。在过去的十年中，DG的研究取得了长足的进步，导致了广泛的方法论，例如，基于域的一致性，元学习，数据增强或合奏学习的方法，仅举几例；还在各个应用领域进行了研究，包括计算机视觉，语音识别，自然语言处理，医学成像和强化学习。在本文中，首次提供了DG中的全面文献综述，以总结过去十年来的发展。具体而言，我们首先通过正式定义DG并将其与其他相关领域（如域适应和转移学习）联系起来来涵盖背景。然后，我们对现有方法和理论进行了彻底的审查。最后，我们通过有关未来研究方向的见解和讨论来总结这项调查。

Deep domain adaptation has emerged as a new learning technique to address the lack of massive amounts of labeled data. Compared to conventional methods, which learn shared feature subspaces or reuse important source instances with shallow representations, deep domain adaptation methods leverage deep networks to learn more transferable representations by embedding domain adaptation in the pipeline of deep learning. There have been comprehensive surveys for shallow domain adaptation, but few timely reviews the emerging deep learning based methods. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of deep domain adaptation methods for computer vision applications with four major contributions. First, we present a taxonomy of different deep domain adaptation scenarios according to the properties of data that define how two domains are diverged. Second, we summarize deep domain adaptation approaches into several categories based on training loss, and analyze and compare briefly the state-of-the-art methods under these categories. Third, we overview the computer vision applications that go beyond image classification, such as face recognition, semantic segmentation and object detection. Fourth, some potential deficiencies of current methods and several future directions are highlighted.

最近的智能故障诊断（IFD）的进展大大依赖于深度代表学习和大量标记数据。然而，机器通常以各种工作条件操作，或者目标任务具有不同的分布，其中包含用于训练的收集数据（域移位问题）。此外，目标域中的新收集的测试数据通常是未标记的，导致基于无监督的深度转移学习（基于UDTL为基础的）IFD问题。虽然它已经实现了巨大的发展，但标准和开放的源代码框架以及基于UDTL的IFD的比较研究尚未建立。在本文中，我们根据不同的任务，构建新的分类系统并对基于UDTL的IFD进行全面审查。对一些典型方法和数据集的比较分析显示了基于UDTL的IFD中的一些开放和基本问题，这很少研究，包括特征，骨干，负转移，物理前导等的可转移性，强调UDTL的重要性和再现性 - 基于IFD，整个测试框架将发布给研究界以促进未来的研究。总之，发布的框架和比较研究可以作为扩展界面和基本结果，以便对基于UDTL的IFD进行新的研究。代码框架可用于\ url {https:/github.com/zhaozhibin/udtl}。

Deep learning has produced state-of-the-art results for a variety of tasks. While such approaches for supervised learning have performed well, they assume that training and testing data are drawn from the same distribution, which may not always be the case. As a complement to this challenge, single-source unsupervised domain adaptation can handle situations where a network is trained on labeled data from a source domain and unlabeled data from a related but different target domain with the goal of performing well at test-time on the target domain. Many single-source and typically homogeneous unsupervised deep domain adaptation approaches have thus been developed, combining the powerful, hierarchical representations from deep learning with domain adaptation to reduce reliance on potentially-costly target data labels. This survey will compare these approaches by examining alternative methods, the unique and common elements, results, and theoretical insights. We follow this with a look at application areas and open research directions.

机器学习系统通常假设训练和测试分布是相同的。为此，关键要求是开发可以概括到未经看不见的分布的模型。领域泛化（DG），即分销概括，近年来引起了越来越令人利益。域概括处理了一个具有挑战性的设置，其中给出了一个或几个不同但相关域，并且目标是学习可以概括到看不见的测试域的模型。多年来，域概括地区已经取得了巨大进展。本文提出了对该地区最近进步的首次审查。首先，我们提供了域泛化的正式定义，并讨论了几个相关领域。然后，我们彻底审查了与域泛化相关的理论，并仔细分析了泛化背后的理论。我们将最近的算法分为三个类：数据操作，表示学习和学习策略，并为每个类别详细介绍几种流行的算法。第三，我们介绍常用的数据集，应用程序和我们的开放源代码库进行公平评估。最后，我们总结了现有文学，并为未来提供了一些潜在的研究主题。

A systematic review on machine-learning strategies for improving generalizability (cross-subjects and cross-sessions) electroencephalography (EEG) based in emotion classification was realized. In this context, the non-stationarity of EEG signals is a critical issue and can lead to the Dataset Shift problem. Several architectures and methods have been proposed to address this issue, mainly based on transfer learning methods. 418 papers were retrieved from the Scopus, IEEE Xplore and PubMed databases through a search query focusing on modern machine learning techniques for generalization in EEG-based emotion assessment. Among these papers, 75 were found eligible based on their relevance to the problem. Studies lacking a specific cross-subject and cross-session validation strategy and making use of other biosignals as support were excluded. On the basis of the selected papers' analysis, a taxonomy of the studies employing Machine Learning (ML) methods was proposed, together with a brief discussion on the different ML approaches involved. The studies with the best results in terms of average classification accuracy were identified, supporting that transfer learning methods seem to perform better than other approaches. A discussion is proposed on the impact of (i) the emotion theoretical models and (ii) psychological screening of the experimental sample on the classifier performances.

整合不同域的知识是人类学习的重要特征。学习范式如转移学习，元学习和多任务学习，通过利用新任务的先验知识，鼓励更快的学习和新任务的良好普遍来反映人类学习过程。本文提供了这些学习范例的详细视图以及比较分析。学习算法的弱点是另一个的力量，从而合并它们是文献中的一种普遍的特征。这项工作提供了对文章的文献综述，这些文章融合了两种算法来完成多个任务。这里还介绍了全球通用学习网络，在此介绍了元学习，转移学习和多任务学习的集合，以及一些开放的研究问题和未来研究的方向。

使用文本，图像，音频，视频等多种方式的多模式深度学习系统，与单独的方式（即单向）系统相比，显示出更好的性能。多式联机学习涉及多个方面：表示，翻译，对齐，融合和共同学习。在当前多式联机学习状态下，假设是在训练和测试时间期间存在，对齐和无噪声。然而，在现实世界的任务中，通常，观察到一个或多个模式丢失，嘈杂，缺乏注释数据，具有不可靠的标签，并且在训练或测试中稀缺，或两者都稀缺。这种挑战是由称为多式联合学习的学习范例解决的。通过使用模态之间的知识传输，包括其表示和预测模型，通过从另一个（资源丰富的）方式利用来自另一（资源丰富的）模型的知识来帮助实现（资源差）模型的建模。共同学习是一个新兴地区，没有专注的评论，明确地关注共同学习所解决的所有挑战。为此，在这项工作中，我们对新兴的多式联合学习领域提供了全面的调查，尚未完整探讨。我们审查实施的实施，以克服一个或多个共同学习挑战，而不明确地将它们视为共同学习挑战。我们基于共同学习和相关实施解决的挑战，展示了多式联合学习的综合分类。用于包括最新的技术与一些应用程序和数据集一起审查。我们的最终目标是讨论挑战和观点以及未来工作的重要思想和方向，我们希望对整个研究界的有益，重点关注这一令人兴奋的领域。

Process monitoring and control are essential in modern industries for ensuring high quality standards and optimizing production performance. These technologies have a long history of application in production and have had numerous positive impacts, but also hold great potential when integrated with Industry 4.0 and advanced machine learning, particularly deep learning, solutions. However, in order to implement these solutions in production and enable widespread adoption, the scalability and transferability of deep learning methods have become a focus of research. While transfer learning has proven successful in many cases, particularly with computer vision and homogenous data inputs, it can be challenging to apply to heterogeneous data. Motivated by the need to transfer and standardize established processes to different, non-identical environments and by the challenge of adapting to heterogeneous data representations, this work introduces the Domain Adaptation Neural Network with Cyclic Supervision (DBACS) approach. DBACS addresses the issue of model generalization through domain adaptation, specifically for heterogeneous data, and enables the transfer and scalability of deep learning-based statistical control methods in a general manner. Additionally, the cyclic interactions between the different parts of the model enable DBACS to not only adapt to the domains, but also match them. To the best of our knowledge, DBACS is the first deep learning approach to combine adaptation and matching for heterogeneous data settings. For comparison, this work also includes subspace alignment and a multi-view learning that deals with heterogeneous representations by mapping data into correlated latent feature spaces. Finally, DBACS with its ability to adapt and match, is applied to a virtual metrology use case for an etching process run on different machine types in semiconductor manufacturing.

脑电图（EEG）解码旨在识别基于非侵入性测量的脑活动的神经处理的感知，语义和认知含量。当应用于在静态，受控的实验室环境中获取的数据时，传统的EEG解码方法取得了适度的成功。然而，开放世界的环境是一个更现实的环境，在影响EEG录音的情况下，可以意外地出现，显着削弱了现有方法的鲁棒性。近年来，由于其在特征提取的卓越容量，深入学习（DL）被出现为潜在的解决方案。它克服了使用浅架构提取的“手工制作”功能或功能的限制，但通常需要大量的昂贵，专业标记的数据 - 并不总是可获得的。结合具有域特定知识的DL可能允许开发即使具有小样本数据，也可以开发用于解码大脑活动的鲁棒方法。虽然已经提出了各种DL方法来解决EEG解码中的一些挑战，但目前缺乏系统的教程概述，特别是对于开放世界应用程序。因此，本文为开放世界EEG解码提供了对DL方法的全面调查，并确定了有前途的研究方向，以激发现实世界应用中的脑电图解码的未来研究。

Transfer learning aims at improving the performance of target learners on target domains by transferring the knowledge contained in different but related source domains. In this way, the dependence on a large number of target domain data can be reduced for constructing target learners. Due to the wide application prospects, transfer learning has become a popular and promising area in machine learning. Although there are already some valuable and impressive surveys on transfer learning, these surveys introduce approaches in a relatively isolated way and lack the recent advances in transfer learning. Due to the rapid expansion of the transfer learning area, it is both necessary and challenging to comprehensively review the relevant studies. This survey attempts to connect and systematize the existing transfer learning researches, as well as to summarize and interpret the mechanisms and the strategies of transfer learning in a comprehensive way, which may help readers have a better understanding of the current research status and ideas. Unlike previous surveys, this survey paper reviews more than forty representative transfer learning approaches, especially homogeneous transfer learning approaches, from the perspectives of data and model. The applications of transfer learning are also briefly introduced. In order to show the performance of different transfer learning models, over twenty representative transfer learning models are used for experiments. The models are performed on three different datasets, i.e., Amazon Reviews, Reuters-21578, and Office-31. And the experimental results demonstrate the importance of selecting appropriate transfer learning models for different applications in practice.

与CNN的分类，分割或对象检测相比，生成网络的目标和方法根本不同。最初，它们不是作为图像分析工具，而是生成自然看起来的图像。已经提出了对抗性训练范式来稳定生成方法，并已被证明是非常成功的 - 尽管绝不是第一次尝试。本章对生成对抗网络（GAN）的动机进行了基本介绍，并通​​过抽象基本任务和工作机制并得出了早期实用方法的困难来追溯其成功的道路。将显示进行更稳定的训练方法，也将显示出不良收敛及其原因的典型迹象。尽管本章侧重于用于图像生成和图像分析的gan，但对抗性训练范式本身并非特定于图像，并且在图像分析中也概括了任务。在将GAN与最近进入场景的进一步生成建模方法进行对比之前，将闻名图像语义分割和异常检测的架构示例。这将允许对限制的上下文化观点，但也可以对gans有好处。

最近，面部生物识别是对传统认证系统的方便替代的巨大关注。因此，检测恶意尝试已经发现具有重要意义，导致面部抗欺骗〜（FAS），即面部呈现攻击检测。与手工制作的功能相反，深度特色学习和技术已经承诺急剧增加FAS系统的准确性，解决了实现这种系统的真实应用的关键挑战。因此，处理更广泛的发展以及准确的模型的新研究区越来越多地引起了研究界和行业的关注。在本文中，我们为自2017年以来对与基于深度特征的FAS方法相关的文献综合调查。在这一主题上阐明，基于各种特征和学习方法的语义分类。此外，我们以时间顺序排列，其进化进展和评估标准（数据集内集和数据集互联集合中集）覆盖了FAS的主要公共数据集。最后，我们讨论了开放的研究挑战和未来方向。

在过去的三十年中，结构性健康监测（SHM）一直是一个活跃的研究领域，并且在此期间积累了许多关键进展，如文献所示。但是，由于损害状态数据，操作和环境波动，可重复性问题以及边界条件的变化，SHM仍然面临挑战。这些问题在被捕获的功能中是不一致的，并且可能会对实际实施产生巨大影响，但更重要的是对技术的概括。基于人群的SHM旨在通过使用从相似结构组收集的数据对缺失信息进行建模和传输信息来解决其中的一些问题。在这项工作中，从四个健康的，名义上相同的全尺度复合直升机叶片收集了振动数据。制造差异（例如，几何形状和/或材料属性的略有差异），在其结构动力学上显示为可变性，这对于基于振动数据的机器学习而对SHM来说可能非常有问题。这项工作旨在通过使用高斯过程的混合物来定义叶片的频率响应函数的通用模型来解决此变异性。

语义分割在广泛的计算机视觉应用中起着基本作用，提供了全球对图像​​的理解的关键信息。然而，最先进的模型依赖于大量的注释样本，其比在诸如图像分类的任务中获得更昂贵的昂贵的样本。由于未标记的数据替代地获得更便宜，因此无监督的域适应达到了语义分割社区的广泛成功并不令人惊讶。本调查致力于总结这一令人难以置信的快速增长的领域的五年，这包含了语义细分本身的重要性，以及将分段模型适应新环境的关键需求。我们提出了最重要的语义分割方法;我们对语义分割的域适应技术提供了全面的调查;我们揭示了多域学习，域泛化，测试时间适应或无源域适应等较新的趋势;我们通过描述在语义细分研究中最广泛使用的数据集和基准测试来结束本调查。我们希望本调查将在学术界和工业中提供具有全面参考指导的研究人员，并有助于他们培养现场的新研究方向。

虽然在许多域内生成并提供了大量的未标记数据，但对视觉数据的自动理解的需求高于以往任何时候。大多数现有机器学习模型通常依赖于大量标记的训练数据来实现高性能。不幸的是，在现实世界的应用中，不能满足这种要求。标签的数量有限，手动注释数据昂贵且耗时。通常需要将知识从现有标记域传输到新域。但是，模型性能因域之间的差异（域移位或数据集偏差）而劣化。为了克服注释的负担，域适应（DA）旨在在将知识从一个域转移到另一个类似但不同的域中时减轻域移位问题。无监督的DA（UDA）处理标记的源域和未标记的目标域。 UDA的主要目标是减少标记的源数据和未标记的目标数据之间的域差异，并在培训期间在两个域中学习域不变的表示。在本文中，我们首先定义UDA问题。其次，我们从传统方法和基于深度学习的方法中概述了不同类别的UDA的最先进的方法。最后，我们收集常用的基准数据集和UDA最先进方法的报告结果对视觉识别问题。