Video provides us with the spatio-temporal consistency needed for visual learning. Recent approaches have utilized this signal to learn correspondence estimation from close-by frame pairs. However, by only relying on close-by frame pairs, those approaches miss out on the richer long-range consistency between distant overlapping frames. To address this, we propose a self-supervised approach for correspondence estimation that learns from multiview consistency in short RGB-D video sequences. Our approach combines pairwise correspondence estimation and registration with a novel SE(3) transformation synchronization algorithm. Our key insight is that self-supervised multiview registration allows us to obtain correspondences over longer time frames; increasing both the diversity and difficulty of sampled pairs. We evaluate our approach on indoor scenes for correspondence estimation and RGB-D pointcloud registration and find that we perform on-par with supervised approaches.

Erroneous feature matches have severe impact on subsequent camera pose estimation and often require additional, time-costly measures, like RANSAC, for outlier rejection. Our method tackles this challenge by addressing feature matching and pose optimization jointly. To this end, we propose a graph attention network to predict image correspondences along with confidence weights. The resulting matches serve as weighted constraints in a differentiable pose estimation. Training feature matching with gradients from pose optimization naturally learns to down-weight outliers and boosts pose estimation on image pairs compared to SuperGlue by 6.7% on ScanNet. At the same time, it reduces the pose estimation time by over 50% and renders RANSAC iterations unnecessary. Moreover, we integrate information from multiple views by spanning the graph across multiple frames to predict the matches all at once. Multi-view matching combined with end-to-end training improves the pose estimation metrics on Matterport3D by 18.8% compared to SuperGlue.

在本文中，我们建议超越建立的基于视觉的本地化方法，该方法依赖于查询图像和3D点云之间的视觉描述符匹配。尽管通过视觉描述符匹配关键点使本地化高度准确，但它具有重大的存储需求，提出了隐私问题，并需要长期对描述符进行更新。为了优雅地应对大规模定位的实用挑战，我们提出了Gomatch，这是基于视觉的匹配的替代方法，仅依靠几何信息来匹配图像键点与地图的匹配，这是轴承矢量集。我们的新型轴承矢量表示3D点，可显着缓解基于几何的匹配中的跨模式挑战，这阻止了先前的工作在现实环境中解决本地化。凭借额外的仔细建筑设计，Gomatch在先前的基于几何的匹配工作中改善了（1067m，95.7升）和（1.43m，34.7摄氏度），平均中位数姿势错误，同时需要7个尺寸，同时需要7片。与最佳基于视觉的匹配方法相比，几乎1.5/1.7％的存储容量。这证实了其对现实世界本地化的潜力和可行性，并为不需要存储视觉描述符的城市规模的视觉定位方法打开了未来努力的大门。

This paper introduces SuperGlue, a neural network that matches two sets of local features by jointly finding correspondences and rejecting non-matchable points. Assignments are estimated by solving a differentiable optimal transport problem, whose costs are predicted by a graph neural network. We introduce a flexible context aggregation mechanism based on attention, enabling SuperGlue to reason about the underlying 3D scene and feature assignments jointly. Compared to traditional, hand-designed heuristics, our technique learns priors over geometric transformations and regularities of the 3D world through end-to-end training from image pairs. SuperGlue outperforms other learned approaches and achieves state-of-the-art results on the task of pose estimation in challenging real-world indoor and outdoor environments. The proposed method performs matching in real-time on a modern GPU and can be readily integrated into modern SfM or SLAM systems. The code and trained weights are publicly available at github.com/magicleap/SuperGluePretrainedNetwork.

We introduce an approach for recovering the 6D pose of multiple known objects in a scene captured by a set of input images with unknown camera viewpoints. First, we present a single-view single-object 6D pose estimation method, which we use to generate 6D object pose hypotheses. Second, we develop a robust method for matching individual 6D object pose hypotheses across different input images in order to jointly estimate camera viewpoints and 6D poses of all objects in a single consistent scene. Our approach explicitly handles object symmetries, does not require depth measurements, is robust to missing or incorrect object hypotheses, and automatically recovers the number of objects in the scene. Third, we develop a method for global scene refinement given multiple object hypotheses and their correspondences across views. This is achieved by solving an object-level bundle adjustment problem that refines the poses of cameras and objects to minimize the reprojection error in all views. We demonstrate that the proposed method, dubbed Cosy-Pose, outperforms current state-of-the-art results for single-view and multi-view 6D object pose estimation by a large margin on two challenging benchmarks: the YCB-Video and T-LESS datasets. Code and pre-trained models are available on the project webpage. 5

We present ObjectMatch, a semantic and object-centric camera pose estimation for RGB-D SLAM pipelines. Modern camera pose estimators rely on direct correspondences of overlapping regions between frames; however, they cannot align camera frames with little or no overlap. In this work, we propose to leverage indirect correspondences obtained via semantic object identification. For instance, when an object is seen from the front in one frame and from the back in another frame, we can provide additional pose constraints through canonical object correspondences. We first propose a neural network to predict such correspondences on a per-pixel level, which we then combine in our energy formulation with state-of-the-art keypoint matching solved with a joint Gauss-Newton optimization. In a pairwise setting, our method improves registration recall of state-of-the-art feature matching from 77% to 87% overall and from 21% to 52% in pairs with 10% or less inter-frame overlap. In registering RGB-D sequences, our method outperforms cutting-edge SLAM baselines in challenging, low frame-rate scenarios, achieving more than 35% reduction in trajectory error in multiple scenes.

In this paper, we propose an end-to-end framework that jointly learns keypoint detection, descriptor representation and cross-frame matching for the task of image-based 3D localization. Prior art has tackled each of these components individually, purportedly aiming to alleviate difficulties in effectively train a holistic network. We design a self-supervised image warping correspondence loss for both feature detection and matching, a weakly-supervised epipolar constraints loss on relative camera pose learning, and a directional matching scheme that detects key-point features in a source image and performs coarse-to-fine correspondence search on the target image. We leverage this framework to enforce cycle consistency in our matching module. In addition, we propose a new loss to robustly handle both definite inlier/outlier matches and less-certain matches. The integration of these learning mechanisms enables end-to-end training of a single network performing all three localization components. Bench-marking our approach on public data-sets, exemplifies how such an end-to-end framework is able to yield more accurate localization that out-performs both traditional methods as well as state-of-the-art weakly supervised methods.

在本文中，我们解决了估算图像之间尺度因子的问题。我们制定规模估计问题作为对尺度因素的概率分布的预测。我们设计了一种新的架构，ScaleNet，它利用扩张的卷积以及自我和互相关层来预测图像之间的比例。我们展示了具有估计尺度的整流图像导致各种任务和方法的显着性能改进。具体而言，我们展示了ScaleNet如何与稀疏的本地特征和密集的通信网络组合，以改善不同的基准和数据集中的相机姿势估计，3D重建或密集的几何匹配。我们对多项任务提供了广泛的评估，并分析了标准齿的计算开销。代码，评估协议和培训的型号在https://github.com/axelbarroso/scalenet上公开提供。

现代计算机视觉已超越了互联网照片集的领域，并进入了物理世界，通过非结构化的环境引导配备摄像头的机器人和自动驾驶汽车。为了使这些体现的代理与现实世界对象相互作用，相机越来越多地用作深度传感器，重建了各种下游推理任务的环境。机器学习辅助的深度感知或深度估计会预测图像中每个像素的距离。尽管已经在深入估算中取得了令人印象深刻的进步，但仍然存在重大挑战：（1）地面真相深度标签很难大规模收集，（2）通常认为相机信息是已知的，但通常是不可靠的，并且（3）限制性摄像机假设很常见，即使在实践中使用了各种各样的相机类型和镜头。在本论文中，我们专注于放松这些假设，并描述将相机变成真正通用深度传感器的最终目标的贡献。

学习3D对象类别的传统方法使用合成数据或手动监控。在本文中，我们提出了一种不需要手动注释的方法，而是通过观察来自移动的有利点的物体来阐述。我们的系统在两种创新上构建：暹罗视点分解网络，不太明确地比较3D形状，强大地对准不同的视频;和3D形状完成网络可以从部分观察中提取对象的完整形状。我们还展示了配置网络来执行概率预测以及几何感知数据增强方案的好处。我们在公开可用的基准上获得最先进的结果。

最近的3D注册方法可以有效处理大规模或部分重叠的点对。然而，尽管具有实用性，但在空间尺度和密度方面与不平衡对匹配。我们提出了一种新颖的3D注册方法，称为uppnet，用于不平衡点对。我们提出了一个层次结构框架，通过逐渐减少搜索空间，可以有效地找到近距离的对应关系。我们的方法预测目标点的子区域可能与查询点重叠。以下超点匹配模块和细粒度的细化模块估计两个点云之间的准确对应关系。此外，我们应用几何约束来完善满足空间兼容性的对应关系。对应性预测是对端到端训练的，我们的方法可以通过单个前向通行率预测适当的刚体转换，并给定点云对。为了验证提出方法的疗效，我们通过增强Kitti LiDAR数据集创建Kitti-UPP数据集。该数据集的实验表明，所提出的方法显着优于最先进的成对点云注册方法，而当目标点云大约为10 $ \ times $ higation时，注册召回率的提高了78％。比查询点云大约比查询点云更密集。

Estimating 6D poses of objects from images is an important problem in various applications such as robot manipulation and virtual reality. While direct regression of images to object poses has limited accuracy, matching rendered images of an object against the input image can produce accurate results. In this work, we propose a novel deep neural network for 6D pose matching named DeepIM. Given an initial pose estimation, our network is able to iteratively refine the pose by matching the rendered image against the observed image. The network is trained to predict a relative pose transformation using a disentangled representation of 3D location and 3D orientation and an iterative training process. Experiments on two commonly used benchmarks for 6D pose estimation demonstrate that DeepIM achieves large improvements over stateof-the-art methods. We furthermore show that DeepIM is able to match previously unseen objects.

小天体的任务在很大程度上依赖于光学特征跟踪，以表征和相对导航。尽管深度学习导致了功能检测和描述方面的巨大进步，但由于大规模，带注释的数据集的可用性有限，因此培训和验证了空间应用程序的数据驱动模型具有挑战性。本文介绍了Astrovision，这是一个大规模数据集，由115,970个密集注释的，真实的图像组成，这些图像是过去和正在进行的任务中捕获的16个不同物体的真实图像。我们利用Astrovision开发一组标准化基准，并对手工和数据驱动的功能检测和描述方法进行详尽的评估。接下来，我们采用Astrovision对最先进的，深刻的功能检测和描述网络进行端到端培训，并在多个基准测试中表现出改善的性能。将公开使用完整的基准管道和数据集，以促进用于空间应用程序的计算机视觉算法的发展。

如何提取重要点云特征并估计它们之间的姿势仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题，因为点云的固有缺乏结构和暧昧的顺序排列。尽管对大多数3D计算机视觉任务的基于深度学习的方法进行了重大改进，例如对象分类，对象分割和点云注册，但功能之间的一致性在现有的基于学习的流水线上仍然没有吸引力。在本文中，我们提出了一种用于复杂对准场景的新型学习的对齐网络，标题为深度特征一致性，并由三个主模块组成：多尺度图形特征合并网络，用于将几何对应集转换为高维特征，对应加权用于构建多个候选内部子集的模块，以及命名为深度特征匹配的Procrustes方法，用于给出闭合方案来估计相对姿势。作为深度特征匹配模块的最重要步骤，构造每个Inlier子集的特征一致性矩阵以获得其主要向量作为相应子集的含义似然性。我们全面地验证了我们在3DMATCH数据集和基提ODOMOTRY数据集中的方法的鲁棒性和有效性。对于大型室内场景，3DMATCH数据集上的注册结果表明，我们的方法优于最先进的传统和基于学习的方法。对于Kitti户外场景，我们的方法仍然能够降低转换错误。我们还在交叉数据集中探讨其强大的泛化能力。

我们提出了一种新颖的方法，可以可靠地估计相机的姿势，并在极端环境中获得的一系列图像，例如深海或外星地形。在这些挑战性条件下获得的数据被无纹理表面，图像退化以及重复性和高度模棱两可的结构所破坏。当天真地部署时，最先进的方法可能会在我们的经验分析确认的那些情况下失败。在本文中，我们试图在这些极端情况下使摄像机重新定位起作用。为此，我们提出：（i）一个分层定位系统，我们利用时间信息和（ii）一种新颖的环境感知图像增强方法来提高鲁棒性和准确性。我们广泛的实验结果表明，在两个极端环境下我们的方法有利于我们的方法：将自动的水下车辆定位，并将行星漫游者定位在火星样的沙漠中。此外，我们的方法仅使用20％的培训数据就可以在室内基准（7片数据集）上使用最先进的方法（7片数据集）实现可比性的性能。

Camera pose estimation is a key step in standard 3D reconstruction pipelines that operate on a dense set of images of a single object or scene. However, methods for pose estimation often fail when only a few images are available because they rely on the ability to robustly identify and match visual features between image pairs. While these methods can work robustly with dense camera views, capturing a large set of images can be time-consuming or impractical. We propose SparsePose for recovering accurate camera poses given a sparse set of wide-baseline images (fewer than 10). The method learns to regress initial camera poses and then iteratively refine them after training on a large-scale dataset of objects (Co3D: Common Objects in 3D). SparsePose significantly outperforms conventional and learning-based baselines in recovering accurate camera rotations and translations. We also demonstrate our pipeline for high-fidelity 3D reconstruction using only 5-9 images of an object.

尽管提取了通过手工制作和基于学习的描述符实现的本地特征的进步，但它们仍然受到不符合非刚性转换的不变性的限制。在本文中，我们提出了一种计算来自静止图像的特征的新方法，该特征对于非刚性变形稳健，以避免匹配可变形表面和物体的问题。我们的变形感知当地描述符，命名优惠，利用极性采样和空间变压器翘曲，以提供旋转，尺度和图像变形的不变性。我们通过将等距非刚性变形应用于模拟环境中的对象作为指导来提供高度辨别的本地特征来培训模型架构端到端。该实验表明，我们的方法优于静止图像中的实际和现实合成可变形对象的不同数据集中的最先进的手工制作，基于学习的图像和RGB-D描述符。描述符的源代码和培训模型在https://www.verlab.dcc.ufmg.br/descriptors/neUrips2021上公开可用。

我们提出了一种称为DPODV2（密集姿势对象检测器）的三个阶段6 DOF对象检测方法，该方法依赖于致密的对应关系。我们将2D对象检测器与密集的对应关系网络和多视图姿势细化方法相结合，以估计完整的6 DOF姿势。与通常仅限于单眼RGB图像的其他深度学习方法不同，我们提出了一个统一的深度学习网络，允许使用不同的成像方式（RGB或DEPTH）。此外，我们提出了一种基于可区分渲染的新型姿势改进方法。主要概念是在多个视图中比较预测并渲染对应关系，以获得与所有视图中预测的对应关系一致的姿势。我们提出的方法对受控设置中的不同数据方式和培训数据类型进行了严格的评估。主要结论是，RGB在对应性估计中表现出色，而如果有良好的3D-3D对应关系，则深度有助于姿势精度。自然，他们的组合可以实现总体最佳性能。我们进行广泛的评估和消融研究，以分析和验证几个具有挑战性的数据集的结果。 DPODV2在所有这些方面都取得了出色的成果，同时仍然保持快速和可扩展性，独立于使用的数据模式和培训数据的类型

相机的估计与一组图像相关联的估计通常取决于图像之间的特征匹配。相比之下，我们是第一个通过使用对象区域来指导姿势估计问题而不是显式语义对象检测来应对这一挑战的人。我们提出了姿势炼油机网络（PosErnet），一个轻量级的图形神经网络，以完善近似的成对相对摄像头姿势。posernet利用对象区域之间的关联（简洁地表示为边界框），跨越了多个视图到全球完善的稀疏连接的视图图。我们在不同尺寸的图表上评估了7个尺寸的数据集，并展示了该过程如何有益于基于优化的运动平均算法，从而相对于基于边界框获得的初始估计，将旋转的中值误差提高了62度。代码和数据可在https://github.com/iit-pavis/posernet上找到。

从单眼视频中估算移动摄像头的姿势是一个具有挑战性的问题，尤其是由于动态环境中移动对象的存在，在动态环境中，现有摄像头姿势估计方法的性能易于几何一致的像素。为了应对这一挑战，我们为视频提供了一种强大的密度间接结构，该结构是基于由成对光流初始化的致密对应的。我们的关键想法是将远程视频对应性优化为密集的点轨迹，并使用它来学习对运动分割的强大估计。提出了一种新型的神经网络结构来处理不规则的点轨迹数据。然后，在远程点轨迹的一部分中，通过全局捆绑式调整估算和优化摄像头姿势，这些轨迹被归类为静态。 MPI Sintel数据集的实验表明，与现有最新方法相比，我们的系统产生的相机轨迹明显更准确。此外，我们的方法能够在完全静态的场景上保留相机姿势的合理准确性，该场景始终优于端到端深度学习的强大最新密度对应方法，这证明了密集间接方法的潜力基于光流和点轨迹。由于点轨迹表示是通用的，因此我们进一步介绍了具有动态对象的复杂运动的野外单眼视频的比较。代码可在https://github.com/bytedance/particle-sfm上找到。