Domain adaptation aims to bridge the domain shifts between the source and the target domain. These shifts may span different dimensions such as fog, rainfall, etc. However, recent methods typically do not consider explicit prior knowledge about the domain shifts on a specific dimension, thus leading to less desired adaptation performance. In this paper, we study a practical setting called Specific Domain Adaptation (SDA) that aligns the source and target domains in a demanded-specific dimension. Within this setting, we observe the intra-domain gap induced by different domainness (i.e., numerical magnitudes of domain shifts in this dimension) is crucial when adapting to a specific domain. To address the problem, we propose a novel Self-Adversarial Disentangling (SAD) framework. In particular, given a specific dimension, we first enrich the source domain by introducing a domainness creator with providing additional supervisory signals. Guided by the created domainness, we design a self-adversarial regularizer and two loss functions to jointly disentangle the latent representations into domainness-specific and domainness-invariant features, thus mitigating the intra-domain gap. Our method can be easily taken as a plug-and-play framework and does not introduce any extra costs in the inference time. We achieve consistent improvements over state-of-the-art methods in both object detection and semantic segmentation.
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无监督域适应(UDA)技术的最新进展在跨域计算机视觉任务中有巨大的成功,通过弥合域分布差距来增强数据驱动的深度学习架构的泛化能力。对于基于UDA的跨域对象检测方法,其中大多数通过对抗性学习策略引导域不变特征产生来缓解域偏差。然而,由于不稳定的对抗性培训过程,他们的域名鉴别器具有有限的分类能力。因此,它们引起的提取特征不能完全域不变,仍然包含域私有因素,使障碍物进一步缓解跨域差异。为了解决这个问题,我们设计一个域分离rcnn(DDF),以消除特定于检测任务学习的特定信息。我们的DDF方法促进了全局和本地阶段的功能解剖,分别具有全局三联脱离(GTD)模块和实例相似性解剖(ISD)模块。通过在四个基准UDA对象检测任务上表现出最先进的方法,对我们的DDF方法进行了宽阔的适用性。
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无监督的域适应性(UDA)旨在使标记的源域的模型适应未标记的目标域。现有的基于UDA的语义细分方法始终降低像素级别,功能级别和输出级别的域移动。但是,几乎所有这些都在很大程度上忽略了上下文依赖性,该依赖性通常在不同的领域共享,从而导致较不怀疑的绩效。在本文中,我们提出了一个新颖的环境感知混音(camix)框架自适应语义分割的框架,该框架以完全端到端的可训练方式利用了上下文依赖性的这一重要线索作为显式的先验知识,以增强对适应性的适应性目标域。首先,我们通过利用积累的空间分布和先前的上下文关系来提出上下文掩盖的生成策略。生成的上下文掩码在这项工作中至关重要,并将指导三个不同级别的上下文感知域混合。此外,提供了背景知识,我们引入了重要的一致性损失,以惩罚混合学生预测与混合教师预测之间的不一致,从而减轻了适应性的负面转移,例如早期绩效降级。广泛的实验和分析证明了我们方法对广泛使用的UDA基准的最新方法的有效性。
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Object detection typically assumes that training and test data are drawn from an identical distribution, which, however, does not always hold in practice. Such a distribution mismatch will lead to a significant performance drop. In this work, we aim to improve the cross-domain robustness of object detection. We tackle the domain shift on two levels: 1) the image-level shift, such as image style, illumination, etc., and 2) the instance-level shift, such as object appearance, size, etc. We build our approach based on the recent state-of-the-art Faster R-CNN model, and design two domain adaptation components, on image level and instance level, to reduce the domain discrepancy. The two domain adaptation components are based on H-divergence theory, and are implemented by learning a domain classifier in adversarial training manner. The domain classifiers on different levels are further reinforced with a consistency regularization to learn a domain-invariant region proposal network (RPN) in the Faster R-CNN model. We evaluate our newly proposed approach using multiple datasets including Cityscapes, KITTI, SIM10K, etc. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach for robust object detection in various domain shift scenarios.
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Domain adaptive object detection (DAOD) aims to alleviate transfer performance degradation caused by the cross-domain discrepancy. However, most existing DAOD methods are dominated by computationally intensive two-stage detectors, which are not the first choice for industrial applications. In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised domain adaptive YOLO (SSDA-YOLO) based method to improve cross-domain detection performance by integrating the compact one-stage detector YOLOv5 with domain adaptation. Specifically, we adapt the knowledge distillation framework with the Mean Teacher model to assist the student model in obtaining instance-level features of the unlabeled target domain. We also utilize the scene style transfer to cross-generate pseudo images in different domains for remedying image-level differences. In addition, an intuitive consistency loss is proposed to further align cross-domain predictions. We evaluate our proposed SSDA-YOLO on public benchmarks including PascalVOC, Clipart1k, Cityscapes, and Foggy Cityscapes. Moreover, to verify its generalization, we conduct experiments on yawning detection datasets collected from various classrooms. The results show considerable improvements of our method in these DAOD tasks. Our code is available on \url{https://github.com/hnuzhy/SSDA-YOLO}.
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我们解决对象检测中的域适应问题,其中在源(带有监控)和目标域(没有监督的域的域名)之间存在显着的域移位。作为广泛采用的域适应方法,自培训教师学生框架(学生模型从教师模型生成的伪标签学习)在目标域中产生了显着的精度增益。然而,由于其偏向源域,它仍然存在从教师产生的大量低质量伪标签(例如,误报)。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一种叫做自适应无偏见教师(AUT)的自我训练框架,利用对抗的对抗学习和弱强的数据增强来解决域名。具体而言,我们在学生模型中使用特征级的对抗性培训,确保从源和目标域中提取的功能共享类似的统计数据。这使学生模型能够捕获域不变的功能。此外,我们在目标领域的教师模型和两个域上的学生模型之间应用了弱强的增强和相互学习。这使得教师模型能够从学生模型中逐渐受益,而不会遭受域移位。我们展示了AUT通过大边距显示所有现有方法甚至Oracle(完全监督)模型的优势。例如,我们在有雾的城市景观(Clipart1k)上实现了50.9%(49.3%)地图,分别比以前的最先进和甲骨文高9.2%(5.2%)和8.2%(11.0%)
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对象检测的域适应性(DAOD)最近由于其检测目标对象而没有任何注释而引起了很多关注。为了解决该问题,以前的作品着重于通过对抗训练在两阶段检测器中从部分级别(例如图像级,实例级,RPN级)提取的对齐功能。但是,对象检测管道中的个体级别相互密切相关,并且尚未考虑此层次之间的关系。为此,我们为DAOD介绍了一个新的框架,该框架具有三个提出的组件:多尺度意识不确定性注意力(MUA),可转移的区域建议网络(TRPN)和动态实例采样(DIS)。使用这些模块,我们试图在训练过程中减少负转移效应,同时最大化可传递性以及两个领域的可区分性。最后,我们的框架隐含地学习了域不变区域,以通过利用可转移信息并通过协作利用其域信息来增强不同检测级别之间的互补性。通过消融研究和实验,我们表明所提出的模块以协同方式有助于性能提高,以证明我们方法的有效性。此外,我们的模型在各种基准测试方面达到了新的最新性能。
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Domain adaptive detection aims to improve the generalization of detectors on target domain. To reduce discrepancy in feature distributions between two domains, recent approaches achieve domain adaption through feature alignment in different granularities via adversarial learning. However, they neglect the relationship between multiple granularities and different features in alignment, degrading detection. Addressing this, we introduce a unified multi-granularity alignment (MGA)-based detection framework for domain-invariant feature learning. The key is to encode the dependencies across different granularities including pixel-, instance-, and category-levels simultaneously to align two domains. Specifically, based on pixel-level features, we first develop an omni-scale gated fusion (OSGF) module to aggregate discriminative representations of instances with scale-aware convolutions, leading to robust multi-scale detection. Besides, we introduce multi-granularity discriminators to identify where, either source or target domains, different granularities of samples come from. Note that, MGA not only leverages instance discriminability in different categories but also exploits category consistency between two domains for detection. Furthermore, we present an adaptive exponential moving average (AEMA) strategy that explores model assessments for model update to improve pseudo labels and alleviate local misalignment problem, boosting detection robustness. Extensive experiments on multiple domain adaption scenarios validate the superiority of MGA over other approaches on FCOS and Faster R-CNN detectors. Code will be released at https://github.com/tiankongzhang/MGA.
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无监督的域适应性(UDA)旨在使在标记的源域上训练的模型适应未标记的目标域。在本文中,我们提出了典型的对比度适应(PROCA),这是一种无监督域自适应语义分割的简单有效的对比度学习方法。以前的域适应方法仅考虑跨各个域的阶级内表示分布的对齐,而阶层间结构关系的探索不足,从而导致目标域上的对齐表示可能不像在源上歧视的那样容易歧视。域了。取而代之的是,ProCA将类间信息纳入班级原型,并采用以班级为中心的分布对齐进行适应。通过将同一类原型与阳性和其他类原型视为实现以集体为中心的分配对齐方式的负面原型,Proca在经典领域适应任务上实现了最先进的性能,{\ em i.e. text {and} synthia $ \ to $ cityScapes}。代码可在\ href {https://github.com/jiangzhengkai/proca} {proca}获得代码
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Convolutional neural network-based approaches for semantic segmentation rely on supervision with pixel-level ground truth, but may not generalize well to unseen image domains. As the labeling process is tedious and labor intensive, developing algorithms that can adapt source ground truth labels to the target domain is of great interest. In this paper, we propose an adversarial learning method for domain adaptation in the context of semantic segmentation. Considering semantic segmentations as structured outputs that contain spatial similarities between the source and target domains, we adopt adversarial learning in the output space. To further enhance the adapted model, we construct a multi-level adversarial network to effectively perform output space domain adaptation at different feature levels. Extensive experiments and ablation study are conducted under various domain adaptation settings, including synthetic-to-real and cross-city scenarios. We show that the proposed method performs favorably against the stateof-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and visual quality.
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Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) for semantic segmentation is a promising task freeing people from heavy annotation work. However, domain discrepancies in low-level image statistics and high-level contexts compromise the segmentation performance over the target domain. A key idea to tackle this problem is to perform both image-level and feature-level adaptation jointly. Unfortunately, there is a lack of such unified approaches for UDA tasks in the existing literature. This paper proposes a novel UDA pipeline for semantic segmentation that unifies image-level and feature-level adaptation. Concretely, for image-level domain shifts, we propose a global photometric alignment module and a global texture alignment module that align images in the source and target domains in terms of image-level properties. For feature-level domain shifts, we perform global manifold alignment by projecting pixel features from both domains onto the feature manifold of the source domain; and we further regularize category centers in the source domain through a category-oriented triplet loss and perform target domain consistency regularization over augmented target domain images. Experimental results demonstrate that our pipeline significantly outperforms previous methods. In the commonly tested GTA5$\rightarrow$Cityscapes task, our proposed method using Deeplab V3+ as the backbone surpasses previous SOTA by 8%, achieving 58.2% in mIoU.
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语义分割在广泛的计算机视觉应用中起着基本作用,提供了全球对图像​​的理解的关键信息。然而,最先进的模型依赖于大量的注释样本,其比在诸如图像分类的任务中获得更昂贵的昂贵的样本。由于未标记的数据替代地获得更便宜,因此无监督的域适应达到了语义分割社区的广泛成功并不令人惊讶。本调查致力于总结这一令人难以置信的快速增长的领域的五年,这包含了语义细分本身的重要性,以及将分段模型适应新环境的关键需求。我们提出了最重要的语义分割方法;我们对语义分割的域适应技术提供了全面的调查;我们揭示了多域学习,域泛化,测试时间适应或无源域适应等较新的趋势;我们通过描述在语义细分研究中最广泛使用的数据集和基准测试来结束本调查。我们希望本调查将在学术界和工业中提供具有全面参考指导的研究人员,并有助于他们培养现场的新研究方向。
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在域移位下,跨域几个射击对象检测旨在通过一些注释的目标数据适应目标域中的对象检测器。存在两个重大挑战:(1)高度不足的目标域数据; (2)潜在的过度适应和误导性是由不当放大的目标样本而没有任何限制引起的。为了应对这些挑战,我们提出了一种由两个部分组成的自适应方法。首先,我们提出了一种自适应优化策略,以选择类似于目标样本的增强数据,而不是盲目增加数量。具体而言,我们过滤了增强的候选者,这些候选者在一开始就显着偏离了目标特征分布。其次,为了进一步释放数据限制,我们提出了多级域感知数据增强,以增加增强数据的多样性和合理性,从而利用了跨图像前景 - 背景混合物。实验表明,所提出的方法在多个基准测试中实现了最先进的性能。
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基于无监督的域适应性(UDA),由于目标情景的表现有希望的表现,面部抗散热器(FAS)方法引起了人们的注意。大多数现有的UDA FAS方法通常通过对齐语义高级功能的分布来拟合受过训练的模型。但是,对未标记的目标域的监督不足,低水平特征对齐降低了现有方法的性能。为了解决这些问题,我们提出了UDA FAS的新颖观点,该视角将目标数据直接适合于模型,即,通过图像翻译将目标数据风格化为源域样式,并进一步将风格化的数据提供给训练有素的数据分类的源模型。提出的生成域适应(GDA)框架结合了两个精心设计的一致性约束:1)域间神经统计量的一致性指导发生器缩小域间间隙。 2)双层语义一致性确保了风格化图像的语义质量。此外,我们提出了域内频谱混合物,以进一步扩大目标数据分布,以确保概括并减少域内间隙。广泛的实验和可视化证明了我们方法对最新方法的有效性。
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由于难以获得地面真理标签,从虚拟世界数据集学习对于像语义分割等现实世界的应用非常关注。从域适应角度来看,关键挑战是学习输入的域名签名表示,以便从虚拟数据中受益。在本文中,我们提出了一种新颖的三叉戟架构,该架构强制执行共享特征编码器,同时满足对抗源和目标约束,从而学习域不变的特征空间。此外,我们还介绍了一种新颖的训练管道,在前向通过期间能够自我引起的跨域数据增强。这有助于进一步减少域间隙。结合自我培训过程,我们在基准数据集(例如GTA5或Synthia适应城市景观)上获得最先进的结果。Https://github.com/hmrc-ael/trideadapt提供了代码和预先训练的型号。
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Semantic segmentation is a key problem for many computer vision tasks. While approaches based on convolutional neural networks constantly break new records on different benchmarks, generalizing well to diverse testing environments remains a major challenge. In numerous real world applications, there is indeed a large gap between data distributions in train and test domains, which results in severe performance loss at run-time. In this work, we address the task of unsupervised domain adaptation in semantic segmentation with losses based on the entropy of the pixel-wise predictions. To this end, we propose two novel, complementary methods using (i) an entropy loss and (ii) an adversarial loss respectively. We demonstrate state-of-theart performance in semantic segmentation on two challenging "synthetic-2-real" set-ups 1 and show that the approach can also be used for detection.
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域的适应区域对解决许多应用程序遇到的域移位问题发挥了重要作用。由于与现实测试方案中使用的目标数据相比,用于培训的源数据的分布之间的差异是由于培训源数据之间的差异而产生的。在本文中,我们引入了一种新型的多尺度域自适应Yolo(MS-Dayolo)框架,该框架在最近引入的Yolov4对象检测器的不同尺度上采用了多个域自适应路径和相应的域分类器。在我们的基线多尺度Dayolo框架的基础上,我们为域名适应网络(DAN)介绍了三个新颖的深度学习体系结构,它们生成了域,不变性功能。特别是,我们提出了渐进式功能减少(PFR),统一分类器(UC)和集成体系结构。我们使用流行的数据集训练和测试我们提出的DAN体系结构。当使用拟议的MS-Dayolo架构训练Yolov4时,我们的实验显示了对象检测性能的显着改善,并在对目标数据进行自动驾驶应用程序中进行测试时。此外,MS-Dayolo框架相对于更快的R-CNN解决方案,在提供可比的对象检测性能的同时,实现了实时速度的数量级改进。
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无监督域自适应对象检测的自我训练是一项艰巨的任务,其性能在很大程度上取决于伪盒的质量。尽管结果有令人鼓舞,但先前的工作在很大程度上忽略了自训练期间伪箱的不确定性。在本文中,我们提出了一个简单而有效的框架,称为概率教师(PT),该框架旨在从逐渐发展的教师中捕获未标记的目标数据的不确定性,并以互惠互利的方式指导学生学习学生。具体而言,我们建议利用不确定性引导的一致性训练来促进分类适应和本地化适应,而不是通过精心设计的置信度阈值过滤伪盒。此外,我们与定位适应同时进行锚定适应性,因为锚被视为可学习的参数。与此框架一起,我们还提出了一种新颖的熵局灶性损失(EFL),以进一步促进不确定性引导的自我训练。配备了EFL,PT的表现优于所有以前的基线,并实现了新的最先进。
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虽然在清澈的天气下,在语义场景的理解中取得了相当大的进展,但由于不完美的观察结果引起的不确定性,在恶劣的天气条件下,仍然是一个艰难的问题。此外,收集和标记有雾图像的困难阻碍了这一领域的进展。考虑到在清晰天气下的语义场景理解中的成功,我们认为从清除图像到雾域中学习的知识是合理的。因此,问题变为弥合清晰图像和有雾图像之间的域间隙。与以往的方法不同,主要关注雾雾型磁盘差距 - 缺陷图像或雾化清晰的图像,我们建议通过同时考虑雾影响和风格变化来缓解域间隙。动机基于我们的发现,通过添加中间结构域,可以分别分别划分和关闭迷雾相关间隙。因此,我们提出了一种新的管道来累积适应风格,雾和双因素(风格和雾)。具体而言,我们设计了一个统一的框架,分别解开风格因子和雾因子,然后是不同域中图像的双因素。此外,我们合作了三种因素的解剖,具有新颖的累积损失,以彻底解解这三个因素。我们的方法在三个基准上实现了最先进的性能,并在多雨和雪景中显示了泛化能力。
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我们建议利用模拟的潜力,以域的概括方式对现实世界自动驾驶场景的语义分割。对分割网络进行了训练,没有任何目标域数据,并在看不见的目标域进行了测试。为此,我们提出了一种新的域随机化和金字塔一致性的方法,以学习具有高推广性的模型。首先,我们建议使用辅助数据集以视觉外观的方式随机将合成图像随机化,以有效地学习域不变表示。其次,我们进一步在不同的“风格化”图像和图像中实施了金字塔一致性,以分别学习域不变和规模不变的特征。关于从GTA和合成对城市景观,BDD和Mapillary的概括进行了广泛的实验;而我们的方法比最新技术取得了卓越的成果。值得注意的是,我们的概括结果与最先进的模拟域适应方法相比甚至更好,甚至比在训练时访问目标域数据的结果。
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