谣言在社交媒体的时代猖獗。谈话结构提供有价值的线索,以区分真实和假声明。然而,现有的谣言检测方法限制为用户响应的严格关系或过度简化对话结构。在这项研究中,为了减轻不相关的帖子施加的负面影响,基本上加强了用户意见的相互作用,首先将谈话线作为无向相互作用图。然后,我们提出了一种用于谣言分类的主导分层图注意网络,其提高了考虑整个社会环境的响应帖子的表示学习,并参加可以在语义上推断目标索赔的帖子。三个Twitter数据集的广泛实验表明,我们的谣言检测方法比最先进的方法实现了更好的性能,并且展示了在早期阶段检测谣言的优异容量。
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The spread of rumors along with breaking events seriously hinders the truth in the era of social media. Previous studies reveal that due to the lack of annotated resources, rumors presented in minority languages are hard to be detected. Furthermore, the unforeseen breaking events not involved in yesterday's news exacerbate the scarcity of data resources. In this work, we propose a novel zero-shot framework based on prompt learning to detect rumors falling in different domains or presented in different languages. More specifically, we firstly represent rumor circulated on social media as diverse propagation threads, then design a hierarchical prompt encoding mechanism to learn language-agnostic contextual representations for both prompts and rumor data. To further enhance domain adaptation, we model the domain-invariant structural features from the propagation threads, to incorporate structural position representations of influential community response. In addition, a new virtual response augmentation method is used to improve model training. Extensive experiments conducted on three real-world datasets demonstrate that our proposed model achieves much better performance than state-of-the-art methods and exhibits a superior capacity for detecting rumors at early stages.
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Recently, online social media has become a primary source for new information and misinformation or rumours. In the absence of an automatic rumour detection system the propagation of rumours has increased manifold leading to serious societal damages. In this work, we propose a novel method for building automatic rumour detection system by focusing on oversampling to alleviating the fundamental challenges of class imbalance in rumour detection task. Our oversampling method relies on contextualised data augmentation to generate synthetic samples for underrepresented classes in the dataset. The key idea exploits selection of tweets in a thread for augmentation which can be achieved by introducing a non-random selection criteria to focus the augmentation process on relevant tweets. Furthermore, we propose two graph neural networks(GNN) to model non-linear conversations on a thread. To enhance the tweet representations in our method we employed a custom feature selection technique based on state-of-the-art BERTweet model. Experiments of three publicly available datasets confirm that 1) our GNN models outperform the the current state-of-the-art classifiers by more than 20%(F1-score); 2) our oversampling technique increases the model performance by more than 9%;(F1-score) 3) focusing on relevant tweets for data augmentation via non-random selection criteria can further improve the results; and 4) our method has superior capabilities to detect rumours at very early stage.
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Nowadays, fake news easily propagates through online social networks and becomes a grand threat to individuals and society. Assessing the authenticity of news is challenging due to its elaborately fabricated contents, making it difficult to obtain large-scale annotations for fake news data. Due to such data scarcity issues, detecting fake news tends to fail and overfit in the supervised setting. Recently, graph neural networks (GNNs) have been adopted to leverage the richer relational information among both labeled and unlabeled instances. Despite their promising results, they are inherently focused on pairwise relations between news, which can limit the expressive power for capturing fake news that spreads in a group-level. For example, detecting fake news can be more effective when we better understand relations between news pieces shared among susceptible users. To address those issues, we propose to leverage a hypergraph to represent group-wise interaction among news, while focusing on important news relations with its dual-level attention mechanism. Experiments based on two benchmark datasets show that our approach yields remarkable performance and maintains the high performance even with a small subset of labeled news data.
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Users' involvement in creating and propagating news is a vital aspect of fake news detection in online social networks. Intuitively, credible users are more likely to share trustworthy news, while untrusted users have a higher probability of spreading untrustworthy news. In this paper, we construct a dual-layer graph (i.e., the news layer and the user layer) to extract multiple relations of news and users in social networks to derive rich information for detecting fake news. Based on the dual-layer graph, we propose a fake news detection model named Us-DeFake. It learns the propagation features of news in the news layer and the interaction features of users in the user layer. Through the inter-layer in the graph, Us-DeFake fuses the user signals that contain credibility information into the news features, to provide distinctive user-aware embeddings of news for fake news detection. The training process conducts on multiple dual-layer subgraphs obtained by a graph sampler to scale Us-DeFake in large scale social networks. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets illustrate the superiority of Us-DeFake which outperforms all baselines, and the users' credibility signals learned by interaction relation can notably improve the performance of our model.
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社交媒体由于易于传播新信息而在公共领域迅速发展,这导致了谣言的流通。但是,从如此大量的信息中发现谣言正在成为越来越艰巨的挑战。以前的工作通常从传播信息中获得了宝贵的功能。应该注意的是,大多数方法仅针对传播结构,而忽略了谣言传播模式。这个有限的重点严重限制了传播数据的收集。为了解决这个问题,本研究的作者是促使探索谣言的区域化传播模式。具体而言,提出了一种新颖的区域增强的深图卷积网络(RDGCN),该网络(RDGCN)通过学习区域化的传播模式和火车来增强谣言的传播特征,从而通过无人看管的学习来学习传播模式。此外,源增强的残留图卷积层(SRGCL)旨在改善图形神经网络(GNN)的超平滑度,并增加了基于谣言检测方法的GNN的深度极限。 Twitter15和Twitter16上的实验表明,在谣言检测和早期谣言检测中,提出的模型的性能优于基线方法。
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假新闻是制作作为真实的信息,有意欺骗读者。最近,依靠社交媒体的人民币为新闻消费的人数显着增加。由于这种快速增加,错误信息的不利影响会影响更广泛的受众。由于人们对这种欺骗性的假新闻的脆弱性增加,在早期阶段检测错误信息的可靠技术是必要的。因此,作者提出了一种基于图形的基于图形的框架社会图,其具有多头关注和发布者信息和新闻统计网络(SOMPS-Net),包括两个组件 - 社交交互图(SIG)和发布者和新闻统计信息(PNS)。假设模型在HealthStory DataSet上进行了实验,并在包括癌症,阿尔茨海默,妇产科和营养等各种医疗主题上推广。 Somps-Net明显优于其他基于现实的图表的模型,在HealthStory上实验17.1%。此外,早期检测的实验表明,Somps-Net预测的假新闻文章在其广播仅需8小时内为79%确定。因此,这项工作的贡献奠定了在早期阶段捕获多种医疗主题的假健康新闻的基础。
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检测假新闻对于确保信息的真实性和维持新闻生态系统的可靠性至关重要。最近,由于最近的社交媒体和伪造的内容生成技术(例如Deep Fake)的扩散,假新闻内容的增加了。假新闻检测的大多数现有方式都集中在基于内容的方法上。但是,这些技术中的大多数无法处理生成模型生产的超现实合成媒体。我们最近的研究发现,真实和虚假新闻的传播特征是可以区分的,无论其方式如何。在这方面,我们已经根据社会环境调查了辅助信息,以检测假新闻。本文通过基于混合图神经网络的方法分析了假新闻检测的社会背景。该混合模型基于将图形神经网络集成到新闻内容上的新闻和BI定向编码器表示的传播中,以了解文本功能。因此,这种提出的方​​法可以学习内容以及上下文特征,因此能够在Politifact上以F1分别为0.91和0.93的基线模型和八西八角数据集的基线模型,分别超过了基线模型,分别在八西八学数据集中胜过0.93
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讽刺可以被定义为说或写讽刺与一个人真正想表达的相反,通常是为了侮辱,刺激或娱乐某人。由于文本数据中讽刺性的性质晦涩难懂,因此检测到情感分析研究社区的困难和非常感兴趣。尽管讽刺检测的研究跨越了十多年,但最近已经取得了一些重大进步,包括在多模式环境中采用了无监督的预训练的预训练的变压器,并整合了环境以识别讽刺。在这项研究中,我们旨在简要概述英语计算讽刺研究的最新进步和趋势。我们描述了与讽刺有关的相关数据集,方法,趋势,问题,挑战和任务,这些数据集,趋势,问题,挑战和任务是无法检测到的。我们的研究提供了讽刺数据集,讽刺特征及其提取方法以及各种方法的性能分析,这些表可以帮助相关领域的研究人员了解当前的讽刺检测中最新实践。
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假新闻的检测往往需要复杂的推理技能,例如通过考虑单词级微妙的线索来逻辑地结合信息。在本文中,我们通过更好地反映人类思维的逻辑流程并实现微妙的线索建模,迈向假新闻检测的微粒推理。特别是,我们通过遵循人类信息处理模型提出了一种细粒度的推理框架,引入了一种基于互连的方法,以结合人类了解哪些证据更重要,并设计了一个先知的双通道内核图网络模拟证据之间的微妙差异。广泛的实验表明,我们的模型优于最先进的方法,并展示了我们的方法的解释性。
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假新闻,虚假或误导性信息作为新闻,对社会的许多方面产生了重大影响,例如在政治或医疗域名。由于假新闻的欺骗性,仅将自然语言处理(NLP)技术应用于新闻内容不足。多级社会上下文信息(新闻出版商和社交媒体的参与者)和用户参与的时间信息是假新闻检测中的重要信息。然而,正确使用此信息,介绍了三个慢性困难:1)多级社会上下文信息很难在没有信息丢失的情况下使用,2)难以使用时间信息以及多级社会上下文信息,3 )具有多级社会背景和时间信息的新闻表示难以以端到端的方式学习。为了克服所有三个困难,我们提出了一种新颖的假新闻检测框架,杂扫描。我们使用元路径在不损失的情况下提取有意义的多级社会上下文信息。 COMA-PATO,建议连接两个节点类型的复合关系,以捕获异构图中的语义。然后,我们提出了元路径实例编码和聚合方法,以捕获用户参与的时间信息,并生成新闻代表端到端。根据我们的实验,杂扫不断的性能改善了最先进的假新闻检测方法。
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随着社交媒体成为错误信息传播的温床,谣言检测的关键任务已经见证了开源基准数据集促进的有希望的进步。尽管被广泛使用,但我们发现这些数据集遇到了虚假的相关性,这些数据被现有研究忽略了,并导致对现有谣言检测性能的严重高估。虚假的相关性源于三个原因:(1)基于事件的数据收集和标签方案将相同的真实性标签分配给来自同一基础事件的多个高度相似的帖子; (2)合并多个数据源,虚假地将源身份与真实标签联系起来; (3)标记偏见。在本文中,我们仔细研究了三个最受欢迎的谣言检测基准数据集(即Twitter15,Twitter16和Pheme),并提出了事件分隔的谣言检测作为消除虚假提示的解决方案。在事件分离的设置下,我们观察到现有最新模型的准确性大大下降了40%以上,仅与简单的神经分类器相当。为了更好地解决此任务,我们建议出版商样式聚合(PSA),这是一种可推广的方法,它汇总了发布者发布记录以学习写作样式和真实性姿态。广泛的实验表明,我们的方法在有效性,效率和概括性方面优于现有基准。
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保持个人特征和复杂的关系,广泛利用和研究了图表数据。通过更新和聚合节点的表示,能够捕获结构信息,图形神经网络(GNN)模型正在获得普及。在财务背景下,该图是基于实际数据构建的,这导致复杂的图形结构,因此需要复杂的方法。在这项工作中,我们在最近的财务环境中对GNN模型进行了全面的审查。我们首先将普通使用的财务图分类并总结每个节点的功能处理步骤。然后,我们总结了每个地图类型的GNN方法,每个区域的应用,并提出一些潜在的研究领域。
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Anomaly analytics is a popular and vital task in various research contexts, which has been studied for several decades. At the same time, deep learning has shown its capacity in solving many graph-based tasks like, node classification, link prediction, and graph classification. Recently, many studies are extending graph learning models for solving anomaly analytics problems, resulting in beneficial advances in graph-based anomaly analytics techniques. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive overview of graph learning methods for anomaly analytics tasks. We classify them into four categories based on their model architectures, namely graph convolutional network (GCN), graph attention network (GAT), graph autoencoder (GAE), and other graph learning models. The differences between these methods are also compared in a systematic manner. Furthermore, we outline several graph-based anomaly analytics applications across various domains in the real world. Finally, we discuss five potential future research directions in this rapidly growing field.
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Predicting personality traits based on online posts has emerged as an important task in many fields such as social network analysis. One of the challenges of this task is assembling information from various posts into an overall profile for each user. While many previous solutions simply concatenate the posts into a long document and then encode the document by sequential or hierarchical models, they introduce unwarranted orders for the posts, which may mislead the models. In this paper, we propose a dynamic deep graph convolutional network (D-DGCN) to overcome the above limitation. Specifically, we design a learn-to-connect approach that adopts a dynamic multi-hop structure instead of a deterministic structure, and combine it with a DGCN module to automatically learn the connections between posts. The modules of post encoder, learn-to-connect, and DGCN are jointly trained in an end-to-end manner. Experimental results on the Kaggle and Pandora datasets show the superior performance of D-DGCN to state-of-the-art baselines. Our code is available at https://github.com/djz233/D-DGCN.
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Twitter机器人检测是一项重要且有意义的任务。现有的基于文本的方法可以深入分析用户推文内容,从而实现高性能。但是,新颖的Twitter机器人通过窃取真正的用户的推文并用良性推文稀释恶意内容来逃避这些检测。这些新颖的机器人被认为以语义不一致的特征。此外,最近出现了利用Twitter图结构的方法,显示出巨大的竞争力。但是,几乎没有一种方法使文本和图形模式深入融合并进行了交互,以利用优势并了解两种方式的相对重要性。在本文中,我们提出了一个名为BIC的新型模型,该模型使文本和图形模式深入互动并检测到推文语义不一致。具体而言,BIC包含一个文本传播模块,一个图形传播模块,可分别在文本和图形结构上进行机器人检测,以及可证明有效的文本互动模块,以使两者相互作用。此外,BIC还包含一个语义一致性检测模块,以从推文中学习语义一致性信息。广泛的实验表明,我们的框架在全面的Twitter机器人基准上优于竞争基准。我们还证明了拟议的相互作用和语义一致性检测的有效性。
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Fake news detection has become a research area that goes way beyond a purely academic interest as it has direct implications on our society as a whole. Recent advances have primarily focused on textbased approaches. However, it has become clear that to be effective one needs to incorporate additional, contextual information such as spreading behaviour of news articles and user interaction patterns on social media. We propose to construct heterogeneous social context graphs around news articles and reformulate the problem as a graph classification task. Exploring the incorporation of different types of information (to get an idea as to what level of social context is most effective) and using different graph neural network architectures indicates that this approach is highly effective with robust results on a common benchmark dataset.
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Twitter机器人检测已成为打击错误信息,促进社交媒体节制并保持在线话语的完整性的越来越重要的任务。最先进的机器人检测方法通常利用Twitter网络的图形结构,在面对传统方法无法检测到的新型Twitter机器人时,它们表现出令人鼓舞的性能。但是,现有的Twitter机器人检测数据集很少是基于图形的,即使这些基于图形的数据集也遭受有限的数据集量表,不完整的图形结构以及低注释质量。实际上,缺乏解决这些问题的大规模基于图的Twitter机器人检测基准,严重阻碍了基于图形的机器人检测方法的开发和评估。在本文中,我们提出了Twibot-22,这是一个综合基于图的Twitter机器人检测基准,它显示了迄今为止最大的数据集,在Twitter网络上提供了多元化的实体和关系,并且与现有数据集相比具有更好的注释质量。此外,我们重新实施35代表性的Twitter机器人检测基线,并在包括Twibot-22在内的9个数据集上进行评估,以促进对模型性能和对研究进度的整体了解的公平比较。为了促进进一步的研究,我们将所有实施的代码和数据集巩固到Twibot-22评估框架中,研究人员可以在其中始终如一地评估新的模型和数据集。 Twibot-22 Twitter机器人检测基准和评估框架可在https://twibot22.github.io/上公开获得。
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为了解决疫苗犹豫不决,这会损害COVID-19疫苗接种运动的努力,必须了解公共疫苗接种态度并及时掌握其变化。尽管具有可靠性和可信赖性,但基于调查的传统态度收集是耗时且昂贵的,无法遵循疫苗接种态度的快速发展。我们利用社交媒体上的文本帖子通过提出深入学习框架来实时提取和跟踪用户的疫苗接种立场。为了解决与疫苗相关话语中常用的讽刺和讽刺性的语言特征的影响,我们将用户社交网络邻居的最新帖子集成到框架中,以帮助检测用户的真实态度。根据我们从Twitter的注释数据集,与最新的仅文本模型相比,从我们框架实例化的模型可以提高态度提取的性能高达23%。使用此框架,我们成功地验证了使用社交媒体跟踪现实生活中疫苗接种态度的演变的可行性。我们进一步显示了对我们的框架的一种实际用途,它可以通过从社交媒体中感知到的信息来预测用户疫苗犹豫的变化的可能性。
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本次调查绘制了用于分析社交媒体数据的生成方法的研究状态的广泛的全景照片(Sota)。它填补了空白,因为现有的调查文章在其范围内或被约会。我们包括两个重要方面,目前正在挖掘和建模社交媒体的重要性:动态和网络。社会动态对于了解影响影响或疾病的传播,友谊的形成,友谊的形成等,另一方面,可以捕获各种复杂关系,提供额外的洞察力和识别否则将不会被注意的重要模式。
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